• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute an important class of drug targets and are involved in every aspect of human physiology including sleep regulation, blood pressure, mood, food intake, perception of pain, control of cancer growth, and immune response. Radiometric assays have been the classic method used during the search for potential therapeutics acting at various GPCRs for most GPCR-based drug discovery research programs. An increasing number of diverse small molecules, together with novel GPCR targets identified from genomics efforts, necessitates the use of high-throughput assays with a good sensitivity and specificity. Currently, a wide array of high-throughput tools for research on GPCRs is available and can be used to study receptor-ligand interaction, receptor driven functional response, receptor-receptor interaction,and receptor internalization. Many of the assay technologies are based on luminescence or fluorescence and can be easily applied in cell based models to reduce gaps between in vitro and in vivo studies for drug discovery processes. Especially, cell based models for GPCR can be efficiently employed to deconvolute the integrated information concerning the ligand-receptor-function axis obtained from label-free detection technology. This review covers various platform technologies used for the research of GPCRs, concentrating on the principal, non-radiometric homogeneous assay technologies. As current technology is rapidly advancing, the combination of probe chemistry, optical instruments, and GPCR biology will provide us with many new technologies to apply in the future.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.193-202
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• 2006

About 99% of microorganisms in the environment are unculturable. However, advances in molecular biology techniques allow for the analysis of living microorganisms in the environment without any cultivation. With the advent of new technologies and the optimization of previous methods, various approaches to studying the analysis of living microorganisms in the environment are expanding the field of microbiology and molecular biology. In particular, real-time PCR provides methods for detecting and quantifying microorganisms in the environment. Through the use of the methods, researchers can study the influence of environmental factors such as nutrients, oxygen status, pH, pollutants, agro-chemicals, moisture and temperature on the performances of environmental processes and some of the mechanisms involved in the responses of cells to their environment. This review will also address information gaps in the analysis of the microorganisms using real-time PCR in the environmental process and possible future research to develop an understanding of microbial activities in the environment.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.161-170
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• 2010

Diffusion of e-learning has been accelerated according as the convenience and effectiveness have been increased rapidly due to the advancement of information technology. However, there has been few studies on systematic evaluation of its performance. SERVQUAL model was applied to evaluate the service quality of a 100% on-line lecture opened in a major Korean university. Two classes, one for 71 undergraduate students, the other for 79 graduate students, were opened for the lecture. The gaps between the expected service and the perceived service scores were compared with respect to sex, age, and e-learning experience. Although the gap score of male and female students were not different significantly, the gap scores among the other comparative groups were different. The perceived score of the older group with more than thirty ages was lower than that of the younger group. It seems that the older group evaluated the score based on the practical use of the subject since they are part-time students with jobs. Also, the perceived score of the group with previous e-learning experience was higher than that of the group with no e-learning experience. It seems that the experienced group evaluated it compared with the previous e-learning satisfaction. As it might be expected, the groups with higher perceived scores had stronger intention to recommend the e-learning lecture to other students.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2015

PURPOSES : This paper presents a description of the current issues facing road managers regarding the surface-type conversion of low-volume roads for cost savings. METHODS: The paper reviews previous works conducted toward this end, acknowledges gaps in the current research, and lays out what information is needed for further studies. RESULTS : If the cost to maintain an unsurfaced road is less than the cost of maintaining a surfaced road, then there is potential for cost savings for the management agency. However, the problem is bigger than simply maintaining the roads that already exist. If unsurfaced roads prove to be more economical than surfaced roads, then the cost to convert from a surfaced to an unsurfaced roadway, and vice versa, when necessary, must also be examined. CONCLUSIONS : No other studies have addressed the un-surfacing of a road for cost savings, and it is therefore unknown whether substantial savings can be realistically obtained by converting from a surfaced to an unsurfaced road. To determine whether a conversion policy would be a viable option, additional data and research are needed.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.283-295
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• 2009

This research covers the ways in which typography, which has been expressed in a diverse range of fields and changed communication functions from the era of reading to the era of feeling according to the change in the times and social demands, has been represented in modem fashion, along with examining its inherent aesthetic characteristics. I reviewed the general information of typography's fundamental notions and functions through documented records, and analyzed the inherent aesthetic characteristics by examining the typographical patterns shown in modem fashion based on art works in domestic and international collections after 2000. The result of this research is that typography in modem fashion has been used for improving brand image, expressing social slogans, expressing images, linguistic function for playful expression and the interdependent relationships of modeling functions. Typography in modem fashion has always been diversely expressed harmoniously with linguistic and modeling functions. Through this, the aesthetic characteristics were firstly parodies through direct sentences addressing political and social ideologies, economic gaps, environmental issues and anti-war protests. Secondly, by using brand logos, typography was used as a commercial means like brand-image transfer and separation through customization of other brands. Thirdly, the aesthetic and artistic value of fashion were expressed after being used as experimental visual components like image, motive and patterns which are all elements of fashion design. Fourthly, by distortion and transformation of characters or childish decorations, along with the harmonization of words, cathartic humor was provided for the calloused senses of modern people.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.113-121
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• 2017

The researches on the silicon-based thin films are being actively carried out. The silicon-based thin films can be made as amorphous, microcrystalline and mixed phase and it is known that the optical bandgap can be controlled accordingly. They are suitable materials for the fabrication of single junction, tandem and triple junction solar cells. It can be used as a doping layer through the bonding of boron and phosphorus. The carbon and oxygen can bond with silicon to form a wide range of optical gap. Also, The optical gap of hydrogenated amorphous silicon germanium can be lower than that of silicon. By controlling the optical gaps, it is possible to fabricate multi-junction thin film silicon solar cells with high efficiencies which can be promising photovoltaic devices.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.207-213
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• 2010

Now days, the marketing environment is rapidly changed. Therefore, a lot of companies try to reduce production cost. Especially, Design is a important activities in new product development. While the concepts of design for manufacturable and concurrent engineering have made significant advances in integrating the design function with other areas in the firm. There are still major gaps in timely and accurate costing information available to designers. Inappropriate design could result in high redesign cost and delay in product relation. The generation of design and improvement is a time-consuming and mentally exhaustion process. It involves combining design features to generate as many potential design as possible. As not all features combinations are feasible, decision-makers have to narrow down the potential solutions and subsequently select appropriate design for further development. This new study is composed of 3 steps aiming at the Low Cost Design of the product. The three steps are consisted that setting up the target Cost, estimating the current functional cost, the design of a unit's reviewing according to the priority of the difference between the target cost and the functional cost.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.187-200
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• 2011

We present the design and implementation of a novel anti-malware system called SplitScreen. SplitScreen performs an additional screening step prior to the signature matching phase found in existing approaches. The screening step filters out most non-infected files (90%) and also identifiesmalware signatures that are not of interest (99%). The screening step significantly improves end-to-end performance because safe files are quickly identified and are not processed further, and malware files can subsequently be scanned using only the signatures that are necessary. Our approach naturally leads to a network-based anti-malware solution in which clients only receive signatures they needed, not every malware signature ever created as with current approaches. We have implemented SplitScreen as an extension to ClamAV, the most popular open source anti-malware software. For the current number of signatures, our implementation is $2{\times}$ faster and requires $2{\times}$ less memory than the original ClamAV. These gaps widen as the number of signatures grows.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2017

Research in the machine tool industry has focused on ICT-based smart machines rather than hardware technologies related to machine tools. Real-time tool-status monitoring is representative of this type of technology and has become important for measuring sensors during cutting processes. In this paper, we studied several research areas and used a round bar to conduct fundamental research into the axial displacement of the main spindle of a tool when it was subjected to a machining load. We were able to use the gap sensor to detect the axial displacement indirectly by using grooves with various shapes on the round bar and sensing the gaps between the grooves. We then determined the optimal groove shape for monitoring the tool state.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2008

This study examined the various functions of public libraries, as well as user satisfaction and needs. We targeted 6 public libraries in the Seoul and Gyunggi area. After 280 library users were surveyed, the collected data were analyzed with an SPSS for Win 14.0 statistics program, where we used frequency, percentage, mean, T-test, One-way ANOVA, and Duncan's test. The major findings were as follows: 1) Half of the users used educational functional space, mainly in the 10-20 age group, who used it for educational purposes as a student or to prepare for getting a job. 2) There were gaps between the furniture arrangement and user preference since most libraries used a rigid system while users preferred a more flexible arrangement. 3) Space by space, public library satisfaction levels differed according to the users' gender and age. Satisfaction of the digital information room scored high, especially for users in their forties. Since public library users are diverse and require various functions, library interiors should be planned accordingly in terms of furniture arrangement and interior design. In particular, there was a gap between satisfaction by age groups, so libraries must account for community needs by considering the age group demographics of their surrounding areas.