• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.59-73
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• 1999

It is known that the role of informal support for elderly women is critical to their physical and mental health, adjustment in old age, and their overall life satisfaction. Elderly women's situation such as social losses, widowhood, living alone, and geographic relocation etc. may result in a need for more informal supports for elderly women's health than ever before. Particularly, women's same-sex friendships were rated higher for overall quality, intimacy, enjoyment, and nurturance. Unlike a generally accepted notion that later life for women is a time of isolation and loneliness, elderly women tend to maintain and reestablish their friendship regardless their marital status and living situation. Although studies on informal support for elderly women were inconclusive in many ways, elderly women's friendship tends to be stable despite of changing health status and life events. The relative importance between daughters and friends was also controversial. This study suggests that more research with reliable measurements is necessary for the practical prevention and intervention program of elderly women's health on this issue.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.893-904
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• 2000

The sample of this study consisted of 140 informal caregivers who provided care to the older adults(over 60 years of age) in Great Cleveland, USA. Self-rated questionnaires were utilized to collect information. The purpose of the study was to identify coping strategies most frequently utilized by informal caregivers of older adults and to examine predictors of the caregivers' health responses to the caregiving situation applying Lazarus and Folkman stress model(1984). Stepwise multiple regression was used to identify significant predictors among caregivers' demographic-socio-economic factors, older adult's dependency of activities of daily living(ADLs), caregiver's appraisal to the caregiving situation, and coping strategies. Informal caregivers (N=140) included in the study utilized help-seeking and problem-solving coping strategies more than self-blame and minimization of threat coping strategies. Caregivers' responses to the caregiving situation were observed by caregivers' perceived physical health, depression and life satisfaction. For perceived physical health, threat appraisal, older adult's dependency on ADLs, existential growth coping strategy, and monthly income accounted for 25% of the variance. Caregivers who appraised the caregiving situation as more threatening, reported higher dependency on ADLs, used more existential growth coping strategy, and had higher monthly income reported better physical health. For depression, threat appraisal, stress appraisal, existential growth coping strategy, self-blame coping strategy, and monthly income accounted for 48% of the variance. Caregivers who used more existential growth coping and less self-blame coping, appraised the situation as less threatening, less stressful, and had higher monthly income reported less depression. For life satisfaction, self-blame coping, existential growth coping, monthly income, stress appraisal accounted for 49% of the variance. Caregivers who used more existential growth coping, less self-blame coping, less stress appraisal, lower monthly income reported better life satisfaction. In conclusion, informal caregivers in this study utilized positive coping strategies such as problem-focused, existential growth, help-seeking, rather than negative coping strategies including self-blame. When they utilized positive coping strategies more often, caregivers experienced higher perceived physical health, higher life satisfaction and lower depression. Therefore, nursing intervention which utilized positive coping strategies is needed to enhance informal caregivers to have positive health responses to the caregiving demands.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.91-106
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• 2008

Interviews with 24 pupils in grade 1-2 were used to investigate awareness of the relation between situation and computation in simple quotitive and partitive division problems as informally experienced. Then it was suggested how to connect children's informal knowledge and formal knowledge of division. Most subjects counted cubes or made drawing, and related these methods to the situation described in the problems. In result, quotitive division was experienced as a dealing situation, where the number of items represented by the divisor was repeatedly taken from the whole number. And estimate-adjust was the most frequently displayed way of experiencing partitive division. Therefore, partitive division with its two measurement variables can be related to a measurement model. And children should be taught column algorithms for division with estimated-adjust which pupils used for partitive division problems.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.155-163
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• 2003

The purposes of this study were to identify the differences of the Casual Hanbok's image perception according to wearing situation and to certify factors affecting the Casual Hanbok's purchase. Self administered questionnaires were used. The subjects were 596 women in Chonbuk Province and done during August. 2002. Proportion, percentage, mean, factor analysis, ANOVA and multi-regression were done for data analysis. The results were as follows ; 1. Factors in the Casual Hanbok's image perception were fashion, elegant, comfort, innovation and tradition. The total variences were 53.84%. Especially tradition and innovation factors were very Important. 2. Casual Hanbok's perceived image in formal situation were higher in factors of fashion, elegance, comfort, innovation, and tradition than the perceived image in mind. And the image of informal situation was higher in factors of fashion, elegant and innovation than the perceived image in mind. 3. Purchasing intention was affected by the Casual Hanbok's fashion, elegance, innovation, and tradition, and their influence was 18.10%. Casual Hanbok wearing frequencies affected the purchasing intention significantly.

• World Technopolis Review
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.2-7
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• 2019

If China can emerge from its current recession and complete its ongoing transition to technology-leader status, it will be an ever more dominant force in Asia and worldwide. Years spent living in Asia have spurred the co-Editor-in-Chief of this journal to offer informal comments on the status and prospects of China's socio-technical situation.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.21-39
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate service support programs for the work-family balance in the community. Service support programs in the community are at beginning stages of development, because it has taken about 10 years to put a self-governing system into practice in Korea. This study concentrates on service support programs developed by various service organizations in the city and does not include any rural districts. First, the developmental process of the work-family balance model and type of the service support program in the community were studied. Next, the situation of care service support was examined based on written articles. Finally, a few suggestions were made f3r work-family balance in the community. The developmental situation of work-flmily balance in Korea is in a stage which is shifting from the company-leading model to a family-company-community model. The most common type of service support program offered in the community until now has been the informal sector through relatives, neighbors or friends. However, service support programs, in the public sector by the government and in the voluntary sector by nonprofit organizations and corporations, has rapidly been growing and the number of services from each sector has also increased. Profit organizations in the private sector, such as medical and care service centers, are also now rapidly increasing. It appears that service support programs contributing to the work-family balance in the community come from a number of sectors, including public, voluntary, private and informal sectors, to suit consumer needs.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.130-137
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• 2021

In the current software project, it is still very difficult to extract and define clear requirements in the requirement engineering. Informal requirements documents based on natural language can be interpreted in different meanings depending on the degree of understanding or maturity level of the requirements analyst. Also, Furthermore, as the project progresses, requirements continue to change from the customer. This change in requirements is a catastrophic failure from a management perspective in software projects. In the situation of frequent requirements changes, a current issue of requirements engineering area is how to make clear requirements with unclear and ambigousrequirements. To solve this problem, we propose to extract and redefine clear requirements by incorporating Design Thinking methodologies into requirements engineering. We expect to have higher possibilities to improve software quality by redefining requirements that are ambiously and unclearly defined.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.357-366
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• 2005

This Study suggests some ideas how we develop a network of content structure based on informal context and method how we decide a sequence of mathematical syllabus from those Structures. 10th grade students in the process conceptual development was observed and interviewed in 2 hour teaching and learning experiment. Three related characteristics of student's thought in structuring math. Content and sequencing it were investigated as follows : (a) the reasoning that they do reflective abstraction well(or do not well) in acquisition of conceptual knowledge. (b) the method that teacher can use resuits in (a) to organize the content structure. (c) the ways that teacher find the process knowledge in informal content structure. That is, this study investigated the way we, curriculum designer, can create well defined content structure and instructional sequence strongly based on the learners' understanding.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.43-50
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• 1981

The behavior of woman consumer is changing according is its situation and includes its complexity. The complexities are being changed by the economic, psycalogical social, and cultural factors. The influence of group on the behavior of consumer -the primary, secondary, formal, informal, membership and reference group -has a great influence on the buying decision. Though manufacturers have pursued only behavior, now they must pursue the positive promotion behavior on the basis of convert behavior of current consumer's behavior. The research of consumer's behavior must be performed scicntificallyan and it must be more practical approach.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.63-69
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• 2010

This research does focus on supporting all of formal, or informal learning at real time. From industry or education field, learning training is according to worker's current situation or business context. And according to worker's current situation, or business flow, 3D immersion knowledge visualization is effective in the individual ability and the learning progress For this, workers listen to compound knowledge coaching advices at real time. Therefore we developed the realistic 3D based knowledge retrieval method to identify and retrieve multidimensional relation easily.