• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-3
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• 1963

Fazekas observed that fowl or human erythrocytes treated with a modifying dose of potassium pe-riodate remained agglutinable by influenza virus tut the adsorbed virus did not elute spontaneously. In this study, chicken erythrocytes treated with the high d

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.230-238
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• 2013

Objectives: For our survey of the incidence of influenza viruses among respiratory viral infections in Seoul, we evaluated their prevalence among infectious acute respiratory viral patients in Seoul from 2010 to 2012 through regular surveillance. Methods: For influenza virus detection, we conducted real-time PCR analyses on 2,544 throat specimens collected from patients with respiratory viral infections in Seoul between 2010 and 2012. They were collected and then tested for the presence of influenza viruses through reverse transcription (RT) - polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: 19.1% (486/2,544) of the throat specimens were determined to be positive for influenza viruses. The incidences of influenza viral infection in the case of respiratory viral infections through regular surveillance in Seoul were 23.0% (212/923) in 2010, 6.4% (47/738) in 2011, and 25.7% (227/883) in 2012, and 10.8% (275/2,544) of type A, and 8.3% (211/2,544) type B influenza viruses. In addition, the greatest prevalence was in the 20-49 age group (51.6% ), which shows that influenza viruses constituted a major causative agent of acute respiratory viral infections. Conclusions: The distributions of influenza viruses and the epidemiologic patterns of the viral pathogen in acute respiratory viral infectious patients may provide potentially effective data for epidemiological studies in Seoul, Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.90-91
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• 2006

To reduce the economic impact and control Low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI), vaccination with inactivated vaccine has been considered in this country. We tried to develop inactivated vaccine with reassorted H9N3 AI virus which has different type of neuraminidase compare to those of field AI virus. Before reassorted vaccine was produced, we confirm the virus as master seed by limiting dilution, RT-PCR and sequencing method. Also, we evaluate the biological characteristics of the virus to find out the possibility of prevention against field infection of AI virus. Finally, we evaluate the safety and efficacy of the vaccine made of reassorted AI virus in the specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens. After limiting dilution, we choose RV7CE4 as a vaccine candidate and compare the gene sequence of this vaccine strain to those of AI05GA which is parents strain. Compared to amino acid sequences of specific gene of AI05GA and RV7CE4, exhibited a high degree of amino acid sequence homology. In the safety and efficacy test, there were no specific clinical signs or mortality. Reassorted H9N3 viruses were reisolated in cloaca swab on 5 days post inoculation. In the vaccine study, once or twice vaccination was performed and challenged with H9N2 field virus (01310). Vaccine has no adverse effect on birds and formed good immune capability which reduce viral shedding in the birds infected with 01310. Based on the above result, we developed reassorted H9N3 vaccine which will efficiently prevent the low pathogenic AIV (H9N2) infection in the poultry farms.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.1059-1062
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• 2012

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.83-86
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• 2011

New epidemics of infectious diseases often involve health care workers. In this short communication we present a case report of a health care professional who became the first case of influenza H1N1 virus to be notified in the United Arab Emirates. There are several issues related to workplace considerations and general public health, including preventive measures, the need for isolation of the patient, dealing with contacts, return to work, and communication with the workforce.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.61-64
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• 2015

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) occurred in the breeder duck farms in Jeonbuk of in Korea on January to February 2014. Clinically, the most ducks showed various signs from depression, dropped egg production and feed consumption to even, death. The most commonly gross changes were hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhage on the liver surface, a white stripe on the cardiac muscle, multifocal hemorrhagic foci in pancreas, and severely hemorrhagic embryos. The most significant signs of H5N8 virus was supposed to specific on ducks. The viral antigen was mainly detected in the endothelium of blood vessels of various organs and tissues, peripheral nerves, and neuronal cells. Based on the above results, we identified that HPAI H5N8 induced systemic infection in the adult breeder ducks.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.42-46
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• 2009

Every year influenza contributes to the death of 72 people in the South korea, 20,000 in the U.S. and perhaps millions worldwide. The swine fever so-called the noble flu A H1N1, a strain of the flu virus, which jumped species and burst into the human population in March and April of this year. The outbreak of 2009 novel H1N1 was the fourth in 100 years. Fortunately, it led to today's comparatively tame swine flu than the vicious 1918, which was original H1N1 pandemic flu virus, killed at least 40 million worldwide in an ongoing pandemic era. Although the 2009 H1N1 which is still in full swing, this global flu epidemic is already teaching scientists valuable lessons about pandemics. Evidence accumulated these days indicates that the 2009 H1N1 was not entirely new to all human immune systems. This article introduces only an outline for our better understanding the basic mechanisms of influenza and the vaccination about longstanding fears of that worst-case scenario engendered pandemic that are paying off today.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.89-97
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• 2013

Purpose: This retrospective study was performed to identify the clinical characteristics of influenza B infection and compare to influenza A infection. Methods: Medical records of patients diagnosed with influenza using a multiplex PCR test, admitted to Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, during the 2011-2012 influenza season were analyzed. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of influenza B patients were investigated and compared with those of influenza A patients. Results: A total of 145 influenza patients were enrolled during this study period. Among these, 66 and 78 patients were diagnosed with influenza A and B, respectively, and 1 patient was diagnosed with co-existing influenza A and B. Cough (88.2%), rhinorrhea (77.1%) and sputum (60.4%) were the most common symptoms among these influenza patients, and most were diagnosed with upper respiratory infection (31.9%) or lower respiratory infection (49.3%). In comparison to influenza A patients, influenza B patients were older ($4.7{\pm}4.1$ years vs. $3.3{\pm}2.5$ years, P=0.016), and the number of fever days before hospitalization were longer (3.0 days vs. 2.5 days, P=0.043). While sore throat (10.3% vs. 1.5%, P=0.039) and vomiting (20.5% vs. 6.1%, P=0.012) were more common in influenza B patients than in influenza A patients, other clinical and laboratory characteristics were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions: No significant differences in clinical and laboratory perspectives were manifested in influenza A and B infections. Preventive measures should be emphasized over treatment in influenza B due to prolonged fever duration before admission.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the accuracy of rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDT) in children with an influenza-like illness and to evaluate factors associated with greater accuracy. Methods: Pediatric patients, who visited Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital with an influenza-like illness between June 2011 and May 2016, were enrolled in this study. We tested 798 samples using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for respiratory viruses and compared the results with rapid influenza tests. Results: In comparison with the results of the multiplex PCR, the positive agreement rates of RIDT for influenza A and B virus were 75.7% and 60.0%, respectively. The performance of RIDT varied according to days after fever onset. The positive agreement rates of RIDT for influenza A and B tests, performed within 4 days of fever onset, were 77.6% and 73.2%, but the rates for tests performed more than 5 days after fever onset were 66.7% and 21.4%, respectively. Conclusions: The RIDT is a quick and simple aid to diagnosis, but is less sensitive than the labeled sensitivity. Moreover, test performance varied according to days after fever onset. Test specimens for RIDT should be collected as soon as possible after the onset of symptoms (less than 4 days).

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.165-171
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• 2018

In this study, to analyze the detection of limit for sensitivity of the influenza rapid antigen test kit, the positive detection of limits were analyzed by serial dilution of influenza virus A and B type for five influenza rapid antigen test kits in Korea. As a result of analysis, visual measurement of type A were up to 1:8192 for the Wellsbio product and up to 1:4096 for the II product, up to 1:512 for the I and III products, and only 1:128 for the IV product, and type B were positive for up to 1:8192 for the Wellsbio product, up to 1: 4096 for the II product and up to 1:1024 for the I, III and IV products. For instrument readings with the same specimen, both A and B types were found to be positive for up to 1:8192 for the Wellsbio product, up to 1: 4096 for the II product, and up to 1:2048 for the I product. The sensitivity of the rapid antigen test for influenza differs greatly depending on the sampling area of the patient, infection period, specimen volume, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to observe exactly the collection timing and method of the specimen. And it is necessary further study to improve the sensitivity for influenza rapid antigen test.