• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2014

In this study, a research of anti-inflammatory effect and application for cosmetics after extracting of germinated mung bean. Germinated mung bean extract was showed high NO constraining effect compared with $250{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentrated mung bean extract and germinated mung bean extract. Also shown is the highest nitrogen oxide inhibiting effect that using 1,3-butylene glycol when comparing the results of extraction conditions of a water-soluble, and extracted mung bean germinated for 5 days. The result of applying the germinated mung bean extract hairdye inflammatory reaction happens many showed nitrogen oxides higher inhibitory effect than that hair dye containing germinated mung bean extract is not included. Therefore, germinated mung bean extract is expected to the abirritant and anti-inflammatory agent as the material for cosmetic.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.707-713
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• 2014

This study examined the inflammatory reaction effects of Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum in vivo at the time of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) shock in rats, and in vitro in cultured Raw 264.7 cells, with the aim of facilitating the development of a new anti-inflammatory medicine. Plasma concentrations of interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), and IL-10 in rats peaked 5 h after LPS treatment in all experimental groups, with those of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and TNF-${\alpha}$ being significantly lower in all animals treated with A. victorialis than in the control group at that time point. Conversely, the plasma concentration of IL-10 was higher in the rats treated with 300 mg/kg A. victorialis extract than in the control group at both 2 and 5 h after LPS treatment. Concentrations of IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 in the liver of rats treated with A. victorialis extract were significantly lower than those of the saline-treated control group. However, the liver concentrations of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-10 did not vary significantly between the four animal groups. Similarly, concentrations of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and TNF-${\alpha}$ obtained from cultured Raw 264.7 macrophages were lower in all of the A.-victorialis-extract-treated groups than in the control group. Although the concentration of IL-10 in the A.-victorialis-extract-treated groups tended to be greater than in the control group, the differences between groups were not statistically significant. Together the findings of this study suggest that A. victorialis var. platyphyllum contains functional substances that are involved in inflammatory reactions.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2012

Oxidative stress has been implicated in cutaneous damage in various inflammatory skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis. The present study was undertaken to investigate the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of the extract of Duchesnea chrysantha (DCE). DEC was prepared by extracting with 80% ethanol. Total flavonoids and polyphenols were measured by a colorimetric assay. The free radical scavenging activity of the extract was analyzed by the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl), ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and Griess reagent assay. An oxidative product of nitric oxide (NO), was measured in the culture medium by the Griess reaction. The level of prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were measured by Western blot analysis. Total flavonoid and polyphenol contents of DCE were included $24.73{\pm}0.45$ and $178.77{\pm}2.65$, respectively. DCE significantly increased electron donating ability (DPPH), nitrite scavenging (NO) and ABTS reducing activity in dose dependant. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of DCE on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. DCE significantly suppressed NO and prdstaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) in dose dependant. Furthermore, the levels of iNOS and COX-2 protein expressions were markedly suppressed by the treatment with DCE in a dose dependent manner. These results suggest that DEC may has value as natural product with its high quality functional components, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.617-625
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• 2007

Samul-Tang (SMT) has been used for nourishing of the blood, hematopoiesis as a herbal medicine history. The purpose of this study is to find out anti-allergic inflammatory reaction of SMT. To clarify the mechanism, the effect of SMT on vascular permeability of rat cutaneous tissue and histamine and cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-${\alpha}$) release from mast cells were observed. The results are the pretreatment with SMT significantly decreased the compound 48/80-induced degranulation and histamine release from RPMC, SMT also inhibited the anti-DNP lgE-induced increment of vascular permeability of rat cutaneous tissue. SMT significantly reduced the PMA plus A23187-induced increment of expression of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-${\alpha}$ in HMC-1 Cell. The Present study provide evidence that SMT inhibits mast cell-derived inflammatory allergic reactions by blocking histamine release and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, and suggest the mechanisms of action. Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro anti-allergic effect of SMT suggests a possible therapeutic application of this agent in inflammatory allergic diseases.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.653-660
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• 2019

Ganoderma lucidum, an oriental polypore fungus and medicinal mushroom, has a long history of use for promoting health and longevity in Korea, China, and other Asian countries. This study was aimed at determining the anti-inflammatory activity and mechanism of action of Ganoderma lucidum in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Ganoderma lucidum was extracted with ethanol and freeze-dried. The anti-inflammatory effect (nitrite production) of Ganoderma lucidum extracts was tested using a nitric oxide (NO) colorimetric assay. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to quantify the mRNA expression of cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$), interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$, and IL-6. Western blotting was performed to measure the expression levels of inflammation-related proteins, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear factor kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$) p65, and phosphorylated $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65. The NO colorimetric assay showed that NO production increased with the treatment of lipopolysaccharide in (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages and decreased with the cotreatment of Ganoderma lucidum extracts and LPS. Ganoderma lucidum extracts repressed the mRNA expressions of cytokines, which were increased after the LPS treatment. In addition, Ganoderma lucidum extracts inhibited the LPS-induced expression of iNOS and COX-2 and the LPS-induced phosphorylation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65. These results suggest that the Ganoderma lucidum extracts exert an anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting $NF-{\kappa}B$ related proteins and cytokines.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.369-376
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• 2022

Background: Nonobstetric surgery is sometimes required during pregnancy, and neck abscess or facial bone fracture surgery cannot be postponed in pregnant women. However, dental surgery can be stressful and can cause inflammation, and the inflammatory response is a well-known major cause of preterm labor. Propofol is an intravenous anesthetic commonly used for general anesthesia and sedation. Studies investigating the effect of propofol on human amnion are rare. The current study investigated the effects of propofol on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in human amnion-derived WISH cells. Methods: WISH cells were exposed to LPS for 24 h and co-treated with various concentrations of propofol (0.01-1 ㎍/ml). Cell viability was measured using the MTT assay. Nitric oxide (NO) production was analyzed using a microassay based on the Griess reaction. The protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE 2), p38, and phospho-p38 was analyzed using western blotting. Results: Propofol did not affect the viability and NO production of WISH cells. Co-treatment with LPS and propofol reduced COX-2 and PGE₂ protein expression and inhibited p38 phosphorylation in WISH cells. Conclusion: Propofol does not affect the viability of WISH cells and inhibits LPS-induced expression of inflammatory factors. The inhibitory effect of propofol on inflammatory factor expression is likely mediated by the inhibition of p38 activation.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.85-96
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• 2021

Reflux esophagitis (RE) is a common gastrointestinal disease observed at all ages, which seriously affects the quality of life. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of Pomacea canaliculata extract (PCE) using the experimental RE rat model. RE was induced by a surgical procedure. The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal group, RE group, PCE group (RE treated with PCE, 100 mg/kg), positive control group (RE treated with ranitidine, 40 mg/kg). We performed the histological examination and measured the expression of tight junction complex and inflammatory mediators using western blot analysis. The phenotypes of RE were attenuated by PCE treatment. PCE administration significantly reduced esophageal mucosal damage and protected tight junction confirmed by claudin-5. Furthermore, PCE treatment reduced inflammatory reaction by inhibiting the expression of COX-2 and TNF-α. PCE treatment, also, reduced translocation of NF-κB into nuclear and IκB-α phosphorylation at the same time. Our findings indicate that PCE has the potential as a novel therapeutic agent to inhibit RE by protecting mucosal damage and regulating inflammatory reactions mediated by NF-κB signaling.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 2018

Objective : The immune enhance is the main focus of current society that to increase resistance to invasion by pathogenic species of bacteria in body, stimulate the immune system and possibly protect against cancer or inflammatory disease. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Gentianae Radix extract on immune regulation in a LPS-induced mice model of acute inflammation. Methods : Gentianae Radix extract was administered orally at doses of 200 mg/kg/day or 400 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks before a intraperitoneally injection of LPS (1 mg/kg of 0.9% saline). After LPS-intraperitoneal injection 3 hours, blood was collected by cardiac puncture under ether anaesthesia from all animals, for the immune regulate efficacy verification based on blood or serum biomarkers (i.e., immune cells, cytokine, $PGE_2$, ROS, and $LTB_4$) analysis. Results : Compared to the control mice, the Gentianae Radix extract treatments significantly increased the count of immune cells (i.e., wite blood cell, neutrophils, and monocyte), and significantly reduced the lymphocyte. In addition, the Gentianae Radix extract treatments significantly decreased the pro-inflammatory cytokine (i.e., $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, and $TNF-{\alpha}$), and significantly increased IL-10 of anti-inflammatory cytokine. Furthermore, the Gentianae Radix extracts treatments significantly increased the levels of $PGE_2$ and significantly decreased the levels of ROS, and $LTB_4$. Conclusions : The results indicate that Gentianae Radix extract alleviated acute inflammatory reaction though regulation of immune meditor. Thus, Gentianae Radix extract may raw material of development a health food and medicine option for the immune enhance.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.65 no.5
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• pp.680-687
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• 2022

Objective : The influence of moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) on acute pulmonary injury is well established, but the association between acute pulmonary injury and mild TBI has not been well studied. Here, we evaluated the histological changes and fluctuations in inflammatory markers in the lungs to determine whether an acute pulmonary inflammatory response occurred after mild TBI. Methods : Mouse models of mild TBI (n=24) were induced via open-head injuries using a stereotaxic impactor. The brain and lungs were examined 6, 24, and 72 hours after injury and compared to sham-operated controls (n=24). Fluoro-Jade B staining and Astra blue and hematoxylin staining were performed to assess cerebral neuronal degeneration and pulmonary histological architecture. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis was done to measure inflammatory cytokines. Results : Increased neuronal degeneration and the mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-10, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β were observed after mild TBI. The IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β levels in mice with mild TBI were significantly different compared to those of sham-operated mice 24 hours after injury, and this was more pronounced at 72 hours. Mild TBI induced acute pulmonary interstitial edema with cell infiltration and alveolar morphological changes. In particular, a significant infiltration of mast cells was observed. Among the inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α was significantly increased in the lungs at 6 hours, but there was no significant difference 24 and 72 hours after injury. Conclusion : Mild TBI induced acute pulmonary interstitial inflammation and alveolar structural changes, which are likely to worsen the patient's prognosis.

• International Journal of Molecular Medicine
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.1563-1573
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• 2019

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas. Icariin (ICA), a flavonoid glycoside, has been reported to have several pharmacological effects; however, the anti-inflammatory effects of ICA against AP require further study. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of ICA on cerulein-induced AP. In the present study, AP was induced by intraperitoneally administering a supramaximal concentration of cerulein (50 ㎍/kg/h) for 6 h. ICA was also administered intraperitoneally, and mice were sacrificed 6 h after the final cerulein injection. Blood samples were collected to determine serum amylase and lipase levels. The pancreas and lung were rapidly removed for histological examination, and the analysis of myeloperoxidase activity. In addition, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was conducted to analyze the expression of inflammatory cytokines in pancreatic tissues. Our results revealed that the administration of ICA prevented an increase in the pancreas weight/body weight ratio of mice and serum digestive enzyme levels. ICA treatment also inhibited cerulein-induced histological injury and neutrophil infiltration of the pancreas and lung. In addition, ICA suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in the pancreas. Furthermore, ICA administration was observed to inhibit p38 activation during cerulein-induced AP. Inhibition of p38 activation resulted in alleviated pancreatitis. Collectively, our results suggested that ICA exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in cerulein-induced AP via the inhibition of p38.