• BMB Reports
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• 제46권8호
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• pp.398-403
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• 2013

Inflammatory conditions mediated by activated microglia lead to chronic neuro-degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. This study was conducted to determine the effect of floridoside isolated from marine red algae Laurencia undulata on LPS (100 ng/ml) activated inflammatory responses in BV-2 microglia cells. The results show that floridoside has the ability to suppress pro-inflammatory responses in microglia by markedly inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, floridoside down-regulated the protein and gene expression levels of iNOS and COX-2 by significantly blocking the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK in BV-2 cells. Collectively, these results indicate that floridoside has the potential to be developed as an active agent for the treatment of neuro-inflammation.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.540-545
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• 2011

Quercus salicina has been widely used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases. In macrophages, nitric oxide (NO) is released as an inflammatory mediator and has been proposed to be an important modulator of many pathophysiological conditions in inflammation. In the present study, the inhibitory effect of methanolic extracts of Q. salicina (QSM) on NO production in LPS-stimulated mouse (C57BL/6) peritoneal macrophages was investigated. QSM suppressed NO production without notable cytotoxiciy. QSM also exhibited down-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression via attenuation of NF-${\kappa}B$ translocation to nucleus in rIFN-${\gamma}$ and LPS stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages. The present study strongly suggest that Q. salicina may be beneficial in diseases which related to macrophage-mediated inflammatory disorders.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.29-46
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• 2001

In the result of investigating traditional chinese medical literatures to understand definite immunopharmacologic effects of drugs for clearing away heat and detoxicating such as Ampelopsis Radix, Rhapontici Radix, Cremastrae Appendiculatae Tuber, Rhaseoli Radiati Semen, Potentillae Discolohs Herba, Potentillae Chinensis Herba, Chrysanthemi Indici Flos, Lomcerae Caulis, we could reach conclusions as follows: 1. Rhapontici Radix, Chrysanthemi Indici Flos can increase voracity of leukocytes, macrophages and increase to produce IL-2 by splenocytes. 2. Potentillae Chinensis Herba, Chrysanthemi Indici Flos, Lonicerae Caulis can inhibit activities of B lymphocytes and have anti-inflammatory effects. 3. Drugs for clearing away heat and detoxicating almost have antibiotic, anti-inflammatory effects, and so can be applied to many inflammatory immune diseases. 4. Drugs for clearing away heat and detoxicating also have antifebrile, diuretic, detoxicating effects. Above results indicates that Drugs for clearing away heat and detoxicating have immunosuppressive effect, so that can be applied to many inflammatory immune diseases.

• Medical Lasers
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2020

Phototherapy has a profound immunosuppressive effect and is widely used for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases. Since allergic rhinitis (AR) shares several common pathologic features with atopic dermatitis, intranasal phototherapy is a novel approach for treating AR. Phototherapy reduces the antigen presenting capacity of dendritic cells, induces apoptosis of immune cells, and inhibits synthesis and release of pro-inflammatory mediators from inflammatory cells. The effectiveness of phototherapy for AR has been extensively researched: from in vitro studies to several clinical trials. Data indicates the potential of intranasal phototherapy as an alternative treatment for AR as well as other inflammatory mucosal diseases. In this review, we introduce the in vitro, in vivo studies, and clinical trials which demonstrated the effect of phototherapy on AR.

• 대한방사성의약품학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2021

Diversity and flexibility are two typical hallmarks of macrophages. Two types of macrophages, M1(classically activated macrophages) and M2(alternatively activated macrophages) exist at both ends of the commonly known macrophage polarization. M1 macrophages have inflammatory properties and are primarily responsible for defending against invading bacteria in our body. On the other hand, M2 macrophages are involved in anti-inflammatory responses and tissue remodeling. Polarized migration of macrophages is of increasing interest in regulating the initiation, generation, and resting phases of inflammatory diseases. In this review, it intend to discuss the properties and functions of tumor-associated macrophages based on polarized macrophages that affect inflammatory diseases. In addition, the purpose of this study is to investigate a molecular imaging approach that targets macrophages that affect tumor growth by controlling the polarization of macrophages that affect tumor diagnosis and treatment.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.830-836
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• 2011

The leaf of mulberry (Morus alba L) has long been used in Oriental medicine for the prevention or treatment of several diseases. However, little is known about the inhibitory effects of a single compound isolated from the mulberry leaves on inflammatory response. We are isolate a single compound of quercetin (3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) and astragalin (kaempferol-3-O-glucopyranoside) from the mulberry leaves, and then investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of quercetin, astragalin or quercetin plus astragalin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages. Each compound suppressed the production of inflammatory mediators (NO, $PGE_2$ and IL-6) in LPS-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. Especially, the cotreatment of quercetin (2.5 ${\mu}M$) and astragalin (2.5 ${\mu}M$) markedly suppressed the production and the expression of inflammatory mediators. These suppressive effects were synergistically increased by their combination. These results suggest that the combination of quercetin and astragalin from the mulberry leaves may be useful for therapeutic drugs against inflammatory immune diseases, probably by suppressing the production of inflammatory mediators.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.92-92
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• 2018

Solanum nigrum L. (SNL), generally known as black nightshade, is traditionally used as medicine to reduce inflammation caused by several diseases like asthma, chronic bronchitis and liver cirrhosis. In this study, anti-inflammatory effects of SNL extract were examined and possible molecular mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory effects were investigated. The inhibitory effects of SNL extract on nitric oxide (NO), pro-inflammatory cytokines ($TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6) and Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) productions were dissected using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated murine macrophage-like cell line Raw264.7 cells and human microglial cell line BV2 cells. We further investigated whether SNL extract could suppress the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 and the nuclear expression of nuclear factor $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65 in LPS-stimulated Raw264.7 cells and BV2 cells. As a result, we showed that the SNL extract significantly decreased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, NO, and MMP-9. In addition, the SNL strongly inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, p38 and nuclear translocation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65 in activated cells. We confirmed that the extracts of SNL effectively inhibits the anti-inflammatory and may be used as a therapeutic to various inflammatory diseases.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.333-338
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• 2015

Our previous report showed that the extract from cuttlebone (CB) had wound healing effect in burned lesion of rat and the extract was identified as chitin by HPLS analysis. We herein investigated the morphology in CB extract using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Chitin was used as a control. There is no difference in morphology between CB extract and chitin. We also assessed the role of CB extract on the production of inflammatory mediators using murine macrophages and the migration of inflammatory cells. The extract induced the production of nitric oxide (NO) in macrophages. While the extract of CB itself stimulated macrophages to increase the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6, CB extract suppressed the production of those cytokines by LPS. CB extract also induced the production of mouse IL-8 which is related to the cell migration, and treatment with CB enhanced fibroblast migration and invasion. Therefore, our results suggest that CB activates inflammatory cells to enhance the cell migration.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.115-115
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• 2019

Arctium minus (AM), commonly known as lesser burdock, is a dried fruit (seed) of Aructium lappa L. that belong to Asteraceae. It has been used traditionally as herbal medicine because of its anti-inflammatory effects, and it has been applied to treat various diseases like allergies, skin aging, hyperlipidemia and urinary stone. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of AM on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Pre-treatment of the RAW 264.7 cells with AM considerably inhibited and reduced production of Nitric Oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), and also shows suppression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$) translocation. In addition, AM treatment considerably reduced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Our results indicate that the AM has potential to inhibit inflammation through suppressing production of inflammatory mediators via both the NF-${\kappa}B$ and MAPK signaling pathway. We therefore suggest that AM might be effective therapeutics for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.147-157
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• 2020

서해안에 서식하는 해양생물인 전복은 항산화 및 항염증 효과가 있으며, 항생제 개발 및 화장품 원료 등 다양한 산업에 활용될 수 있는 잠재력을 가진 자원이다. 본 연구에서 우리는 서해안의 다양한 해양 생물 중에서 전복을 선택하였으며, 전복에서 분리한 항균펩타이드(AMP)를 이용하여 항균펩타이드 유도체인 Ab4-7를 규명하고 생리활성을 연구하였다. Ab4-7의 항염증 효능을 확인하기 위해 염증이 유도된 RAW 264.7에 Ab4-7을 처리한 결과, 염증성 사이토카인, TLR4, TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2, iNOS 등을 억제하고 항산화와 관련된 유전인자인 HO-1의 mRNA 발현을 증가시켰다. Ab4-7의 강력한 항산화 및 항염증 효과를 바탕으로, 염증이 유도된 RAW 264.7 세포에서 Ab4-7이 extrocellular matrix metalloproteinase (ECM) 분해에 관여하여 다양한 염증성 피부질환을 유도하는 유전자인 matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs)를 조절하는 효과를 RT-PCR을 통해 확인하였다. Ab4-7은 강력한 항염증 및 항산화 효과를 가지고 있으며, 항염증 및 항산화 효과를 통한 MMPs 관련 유전인자 조절을 통해 다양한 염증성 피부질환 치료제의 기능성 재료로 활용될 수 있다고 사료된다.