• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.161-167
• /
• 2007

Zero Energy Multi-House(ZeMH) signifies a residential building which can be self sufficient with just new and renewable energy resources without the aid of any existing fossil fuel. For success of ZeMH, various innovative energy technologies Including passive and active systems should be well integrated with a systematic design approach. The first step for ZeMH is definitely to minimize the conventional heating and cooling loads over 50% with major energy conservation measure and passive solar features which are mainly related to building design components such as super-insulation, super window, including infiltration and ventilation issues. The purpose of this study is to analyze the thermal effect of various building design components in the early design of ZeMH. The process of the study is presented in the following. 1) selection reference model for simulation 2) verification of reference model with computer simulation program(ESP-r 9.0). 3) analysis of effect according to insulation-thickness, kinds of windows, rate of infiltration. and The simulation results indicate that almost 50% savings of conventional heating load in multi-house can be achieved with the optimum design of building components such as super insulation, super window, infiltration, ventilation.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제34권6호
• /
• pp.924-933
• /
• 2004

Purpose: This study was to examine the effects of hand massage and hand holding as nursing interventions on the anxiety in patients with local infiltration anesthesia. Method: The design of this study was a nonequivalent, control group, non- synchronized design. The subjects of this study consisted of 15 patients for the hand massage group, 15 patients for the hand holding group and 17 patients for the control group awaiting surgery in the operation room of a general hospitalin Daegu. As an experimental treatment, hand massage was carried out by the Hand Massage Protocol developed by Snyder(1995) and interpreted by Cho(1998) and hand holding developed by Cho(1998). The data were analyzed by SPSS/WIN, T-test, ANOVA, Cronbach's a, and the Scheffe test. Results: The hand massage group and hand holding group were more effective than the control group in reducing anxiety, VAS score, systolic blood pressure and pulse rate. Conclusion: Hand massage and hand holding are effective nursing interventions that alleviates the psychological and physiological anxiety of patients with local infiltration anesthesia. In particular, the simple contact of hand holding is regarded as an effective and easily accessible nursing intervention in the operating room.

• 한국결정성장학회지
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.99-104
• /
• 2003

용융침투법으로 알루미나/지르코니아-유리 복합체를 제조하여 지르코니아 첨가가 복합체의 기계적 및 광학적 특성과 유리 침투 kinetic에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 유리 침투시간이 증가할수록 침투깊이는 Washburn식에 의한 포물선관계로 증가하였으며 침투 상수인 K는 기공 크기의 함수로 지르코니아 첨가량이 증가할수록 기공 크기의 감소로 감소하였다. 지르코니아 양이 증가함에 따라 명도($L^*$)는 증가하지만 유리 침투 상수(K), 투과율(transmittance), 채도($C^*$)가 감소하였다. 지르코니아가 15 wt% 첨가될 때까지 알루미나/지르코니아-유리 복합체의 인성값 증가를 보였지만 기공률의 증가로 인하여 기계적 특성 향상에는 크게 기여하지 않았다.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.259-267
• /
• 1994

프로판($C_3H_8$)을 반응가스로 사용하여 등온 저압화학기상침투법(low-pressure chemical vapor infiltration)으로 탄소/탄소 복합재료를 치밀화 할 때 반응온도, 반응가스농도, 가스유량, 반응압력 등의 제조공정변수들이 치밀화에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 실험계획법(Rdbust design method)에 의한 실험을 행하였다. 1회의 등온 저압화학기상침투 실험으로 탄소/탄소 복합재료의 부피 밀도와 표면과 내부의 부피 밀도의 차이를 특성치(characteristic value)로 한 실험계획법의 분산분석(analysis of variance)에 의하면 반응온도, 반응가스농도, 가스유량 등의 제고공정변수가 치밀화에 기여도가 높으며, 반응압력의 기여도와 제조공정변수들의 교호작용(interaction)에 의한 기여도는 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 반응온도가 $1100^{\circ}C$, 반응가스농도가 100% $C_3H_8$, 가스유량이 100 SCCM, 반응압력이 5torr인 조건에서 탄소/탄소 복합재료는 가장 높은 부피 밀도값을 나타내었으나 시편의 표면과 내부의 부피 밀도 차이값은 컸다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.18-23
• /
• 1984

화동미사질식양토(華東微砂質埴壤土)의 침투속도(浸透速度)에 대한 공간변이성(空間變異性)이 지질통계학적(地質統計學的) 개념(槪念)인 지역변수이론(地域變數理論)으로 기술(記述)하였고, 구조분석(構造分析)에서 얻어진 정보(情報)를 이용(利用)하여 최양선형불편추정치(最量線型不偏推定値)(BLUE)인 Kriging값을 계산(計算)하였는 바 그 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 최소(最少)의 분산(分散)으로 Kriging같이 추정(推定)되었다. 2. 설정(設定)된 선형(線型)의 평균(平均) Variogram은 Kriging값을 추정(推定)하는 데 적합(適合)하다고 판단(判斷)되었다. 3. 표본추출지점(標本抽出地點)에서의 Kriging값과 실관측치(實觀測値)의 상관(相關)은 고도(高度)의 유의성(有意性)을 나타내었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.300-310
• /
• 1996

Recently, there have been attempts to obstruct the dentinal tubules and remove the smear layer by way of laser irradiation in the root canal during endodontic treatment. This treatment was designed to make the root canal to be nonporous. Using 33 extracted single rooted teeth, 30 teeth were divided into 3 groups (10 each), and 3 teeth were used as samples for SEM. Using Nd : YAG laser, the control group was not irradiated, experimental group l(1W group) was irradiated with 1W, 15pps, 15sec., 3 times, 6.7mJ and experimental group 2(3W group) was irradiated with 3W, 15pps, 15sec., 3 times 20mJ. Thereafter the roots were immersed in methylene blue for 8 hours, and the dye infiltration pattern was observed under stereomicroscope and canal wall surface change was observed under SEM. The results are as following ; 1. As a result of evaluating the dye infiltration rate of the apical and middle 1/3, there was significant difference between control group and 1W group, control group and 3W group and there was no significant difference between 1 W group and 3W group. 2. In each group, as a result of comparing the dye infiltration rate of the apical and middle 1/3, there was no significant difference in control and 1W group but significant difference in 3W group. 3. In the control group smear layer was scarecely found and many dentinal tubules were found to be open. 4. In the 1W group, the number of dentinal tubules were decreased and gradual changes of the dentin surface could be seen and 3W group, almost no dentinal tubules could be found and the dentin surface was changed a little more and showed signs of partial fusion.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.47-52
• /
• 2017

Purpose: Renal ultrasonography has been widely used in children with renal disease. However, the relationship of renal echogenicity with renal pathology and function in children is not well known. Method: Ultrasound examination was performed in 75 patients undergoing renal biopsy for suspected renal disease in Konkuk University Medical Center from August 2005 to November 2015. We compared renal echogenicity to pathologic findings and renal function. Renal echogenicity was scored as 0 to 2 by comparing adjacent liver echogenicity. Three histologic characteristics were evaluated: glomerular changes, interstitial infiltration or fibrosis, and tubular atrophy. These were graded as 0 to 3, according to increasing severity. Laboratory results included urine albumin excretion and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Results: Among pathologic findings, renal echogenicity revealed a positive correlation with interstitial infiltration or fibrosis (r=0.259, P=0.025), and with tubular atrophy (r=0.268, P=0.02). Renal echogenicity and glomerular changes were not correlated. Renal echogenicity showed a positive correlation with microalbuminuria (r=0.283, P=0.014), but a negative correlation with eGFR (r=-0.352, P=0.002). Conclusion: Increased renal echogenicity suggested severe interstitial infiltration or fibrosis and tubular atrophy among the pathologic findings. Moreover, increased echogenicity is correlated with increased urine albumin excretion and decreased eGFR. Echogenicity on ultrasonography is useful for determining the status of renal pathology and function.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.121-127
• /
• 1985

토양수분(土壤水分)을 효율적(效率的)으로 관리(管理)할 수 있는 토양개량방법(土壤改良方法)을 구명(究明)하고 토양입단(土壤粒團)의 특성(特性)이 수분변화(水分變化)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 파악(把握)하여 토양구조개선(土壤構造改善)에 적정기준(適正基準)을 제시(提示)하기 위(爲)하여 사양토(砂壤土)와 식양토(埴壤土)에 친수성(親水性)인 Uresol과 소수성(疎水性)인 Bitumen을 처리(處理)하여 시험(試驗)을 실시(實施)하였다. Perspex관(管)을 세토(細土)로 채우고 개량제(改良劑)를 처리(處理)한 토양입단(土壤粒團)과 처리(處理)하지 않은 토양(土壤)을 2cm 두께로 복토(覆土)한 후(後), 인공강우하(人工降雨下)에서 수분(水分)의 침투량(浸透量)을 측정(測定)하고 인공기상조건(人工氣象條件)에서 r-선(線) 수분측정기(水分測定機)를 이용(利用)하여 수분(水分)의 증발량(蒸發量)을 조사(調査)하였다. 토양(土壤)의 수분침투량(水分浸透量)은 친수성(親水性) 토양개량제(土壤改良劑) Uresol 처리(處理)에 의하여 18.7~50.8% 증대(增大)되었으며 소수성(疎水性) Bitumen 처리(處理)는 25% 이하(以下)로 감소(減少)되었다. 증발량(蒸發量)은 Bitumen 처리(處理)로 22.0~68.1%로 억제(抑制)되었으며 Uresol 처리(處理)도 38.7~68.4%로 감소(減少)되었다. 수분침투(水分浸透)와 증발(蒸發)을 합(合)한 총수분이용율(總水分利用率)은 Uresol 처리(處理)에 의하여 2배(倍) 이상(以上) 높일 수 있었다. 토양입단(土壤粒團)의 안정성(安定性), 습윤각(濕潤角)등은 수분(水分)의 침투(浸透)와 증발(蒸發)에 영향(影響)을 끼쳤으며 특(特)히 수분침투(水分浸透)와 습윤각(濕潤角)-안정지수(安定指數), 수분증발(水分蒸發)과 습윤각(濕潤角)-불안정지수(不安定指數)와는 고도(高度)의 유의성(有意性)있는 대수함수적(對數函數的)인 정(正)의 상관(相關)이 있었다. 토양입단(土壤粒團)의 안정성(安定性)은 수분(水分)의 침투(浸透) 및 증발억제(蒸發抑制)와 정상관(正相關)이 있으나 습윤각(濕潤角)의 개선(改善)은 수분침투(水分浸透)와 증발(蒸發)을 모두 증대(增大)시키는 요인(要因)이 되므로 전체적(全體的)인 수분관리면(水分管理面)에서는 토양입단(土壤粒團)의 안정성(安定性)을 증대(增大) 시키는 것이 효율적(效率的)인 것으로 판단(判斷)되었다.

• 한국관개배수논문집
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.68-77
• /
• 2002

Return flow rate of agricultural irrigation for rice culture was investigated in the North Han river basin, Two small paddy watersheds were chosen and irrigation, drainage, infiltration and evapotranspiration were monitored and estimated during the irriga

• 한국농공학회지
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.116-124
• /
• 1989

Based on the theory of runoff equation proposed by SCS, the actual storage capacity(Sa) as a modified retention paramater was introduced to estimate the effective rainfall for the daily streamfiow analysis. During a storm, the actual storage capacity is limited by either soil water storage or infiltration rate as precipitation increases. Therefore, it was assumed that Sa is dependent on the baseflow before storm runoff(Qb) corresponding to soil water storage and the total amount of precipitation(P) corresponding to infiltration rate of a watershed. Effective rainfalls (Direct run-offs) estimate4 from SCS equation using Sa were compared with observed effective rainfalls at 10 watersheds in Geum river watershed boundary. 1. Regression equation for Sa was supposed Sa=Co+C$_1$XP+C$_2$X Qb Regression coefficients were highly significant at the level of 0. 01 and R$^2$ were 0.57 to 0.73. 2. The adjustment of coefficient of initial abstraction was made according to the storm size. It was adjusted to 025 for 30mm or less, 0.23 for 30 to 80mm, 0.20 for 80 to 200mm, and 0.1 for 200mm or more. 3. Regression equations between estimated and observed effective rainfall showed that slopes were 0.857 to 1.029 and R$^2$ were 0.779 to 0.989,