Effects of Soil Aggregate Stability and Wettability on Infiltration and Evaporation

토양입단(土壤粒團)의 안정성(安定性)과 친수성(親水性)이 수분침투(水分浸透) 및 증발(蒸發)에 미치는 영향(影響)

This study was designed to gain practical data on the use of soil conditioners for more efficient water managements and to establish the optimum levels of structural properties for soil conditioning. A sandy loam and a silt loam soil were each treated with two different soil conditioners, hydrophobic Bitumen or hydrophilic Uresol. The perspex tube 34 cm long were packed homogeneously with air dried soil up to 2 cm below the top, then covered over 2 cm of treated or untreated aggregates. The infiltration rate into the soil columns was measured under simulated rainfall condition. The evaporation study was carried out in the wind tunnel, and the changes of soil moisture distribution of the columns following and during the evaporation were determined by a gamma ray scanner. The infiltration rate of water into the soil column was increased to 18.7-50.8% by the Uresol treatment but it was decreased to less than 25% of control by the Bitumen treatment. Evaporation was decreased to 22.0-68.1% by the Bitumen treatment and to 38.7-68.4% by the Uresol treatment. The water use efficiency of Uresol treated column was increased to more than twice as much as that of untreated soil. Aggregate stability and wetting angle were related to water infiltration and evaporation. A positive and highly significant logarismic relationship was found between the infiltration rate and stability index-wetting angle, evaporation rate and instability index-wetting angle. It was considered that the structural stability is more important than wetting angle. This is true because the structural stability is always positively correlated to water saving, however wettability is positively correlated to the infiltration, and negatively correlated to water saving during the evaporation.

토양수분(土壤水分)을 효율적(效率的)으로 관리(管理)할 수 있는 토양개량방법(土壤改良方法)을 구명(究明)하고 토양입단(土壤粒團)의 특성(特性)이 수분변화(水分變化)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 파악(把握)하여 토양구조개선(土壤構造改善)에 적정기준(適正基準)을 제시(提示)하기 위(爲)하여 사양토(砂壤土)와 식양토(埴壤土)에 친수성(親水性)인 Uresol과 소수성(疎水性)인 Bitumen을 처리(處理)하여 시험(試驗)을 실시(實施)하였다. Perspex관(管)을 세토(細土)로 채우고 개량제(改良劑)를 처리(處理)한 토양입단(土壤粒團)과 처리(處理)하지 않은 토양(土壤)을 2cm 두께로 복토(覆土)한 후(後), 인공강우하(人工降雨下)에서 수분(水分)의 침투량(浸透量)을 측정(測定)하고 인공기상조건(人工氣象條件)에서 r-선(線) 수분측정기(水分測定機)를 이용(利用)하여 수분(水分)의 증발량(蒸發量)을 조사(調査)하였다. 토양(土壤)의 수분침투량(水分浸透量)은 친수성(親水性) 토양개량제(土壤改良劑) Uresol 처리(處理)에 의하여 18.7~50.8% 증대(增大)되었으며 소수성(疎水性) Bitumen 처리(處理)는 25% 이하(以下)로 감소(減少)되었다. 증발량(蒸發量)은 Bitumen 처리(處理)로 22.0~68.1%로 억제(抑制)되었으며 Uresol 처리(處理)도 38.7~68.4%로 감소(減少)되었다. 수분침투(水分浸透)와 증발(蒸發)을 합(合)한 총수분이용율(總水分利用率)은 Uresol 처리(處理)에 의하여 2배(倍) 이상(以上) 높일 수 있었다. 토양입단(土壤粒團)의 안정성(安定性), 습윤각(濕潤角)등은 수분(水分)의 침투(浸透)와 증발(蒸發)에 영향(影響)을 끼쳤으며 특(特)히 수분침투(水分浸透)와 습윤각(濕潤角)-안정지수(安定指數), 수분증발(水分蒸發)과 습윤각(濕潤角)-불안정지수(不安定指數)와는 고도(高度)의 유의성(有意性)있는 대수함수적(對數函數的)인 정(正)의 상관(相關)이 있었다. 토양입단(土壤粒團)의 안정성(安定性)은 수분(水分)의 침투(浸透) 및 증발억제(蒸發抑制)와 정상관(正相關)이 있으나 습윤각(濕潤角)의 개선(改善)은 수분침투(水分浸透)와 증발(蒸發)을 모두 증대(增大)시키는 요인(要因)이 되므로 전체적(全體的)인 수분관리면(水分管理面)에서는 토양입단(土壤粒團)의 안정성(安定性)을 증대(增大) 시키는 것이 효율적(效率的)인 것으로 판단(判斷)되었다.