• 한국재료학회지
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.391-396
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• 2009

2-dimensional silica-silica Continuous Fiber-reinforced Ceramic.matrix Composites (CFCCs) were fabricated by a sol-gel infilitration method that has a changing processing condition, such as the repetitions of infilitration. In order to investigate the relationship between the processing condition and the mechanical properties of composites, the mechanical properties of specimens were measured by means of a 4-point flexural strength test while the evidence of strength degradation were microstructurally characterized. There seemed to be a minimum density value that existed at which the delamination between the fabrics would not occur. In the case that the density of silica CFCCs exceeded 1.55 g/$cm^3$, the flexural strength also exceeded approximately 18 MPa at least. By applying the Minimum Solid Area (MSA) analysis of the porous structure, the correlation between the relative density and the mechanical properties of composites will be discussed.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.359-369
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• 2022

산사태에 대한 비탈면 안정해석시, 산지 비탈면의 경사와 지형의 변화가 심한 경우에는 엄밀한 해석으로 안정성을 평가해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 불포화층에서 강우로 인한 침투 현상을 해석하여 간극수압의 변동을 고려한 산사태 안정성 분석을 수행하였다. 비탈면 안정해석 시 실제 산사태가 발생한 지역을 선정하여 3차원 비탈면 안정해석을 수행하였고 무한비탈면 해석결과와 비교하였다. 세밀한 지반정보를 기반하여 3차원 비탈면 안정해석으로 지형에 따라 변동하는 산사태의 발생위치와 규모를 예측할 수 있다고 판단되었다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2008

The carbon dioxide is brought from the energy consumption and regarded as a criteria material to estimate the Global Warming Potential. Building shares about 30% in national energy consumption and affects to environment as much as the energy consumption. But there is not enough data to forecast the amount of the carbon dioxide during the maintenance stage. Various factors are related with the energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission such as the physical area, the building exterior area, the maintenance type and location. Among these factors, the building carbon-dioxide emission can be estimated by the overall building characteristics such as the maintenance area, the number of household, the heating type, etc., The physical amount such as the thickness of the insulation and window infiltration could explained the limited scope and might not be use to estimate the total carbon-dioxide emission energy because the each value could not include or represent the overall building. In this paper, it provided the estimation model of the carbon-dioxide emission, explained by the overall building characteristics. These factors are shown as the maintenance area, no. of household, the heating type, the volume of the building, the ratio of the window to wall area etc., For providing the estimation model of th carbon-dioxide emission, it conducted the corelation analysis to filter the variables and suggested the estimation model with the power model and multiple regression model. Most of the model have a good statistics and fitted in the curve line.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.903-916
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• 2023

This study aims to establish basic data for efficient management of rural water by analyzing regional irrigation facilities and benefitted areas in the statistical yearbook of land and water development for agriculture at the watershed level. For 511 domestic rural water use areas, water storage facilities (reservoirs, pumping & drainage stations, intake weirs, infiltration galleries, and tube wells) are spatially distributed, and the benefitted areas provided at the city/county level are divided by water use area to provide agricultural water supply facilities. The characteristics of rural water district areas such as benefitted area, were analyzed by basin. The average area of Korea's 511 rural water districts is 19,638 ha. The average benefitted area by rural water district is 1,270 ha, with the Geum River basin at 2,220 ha and the Yeongsan River basin at 1,868 ha, which is larger than the overall average. The Han River basin at 807 ha, the Nakdong River basin at 1,121 ha, and the Seomjing River basin at 938 ha are smaller than the overall average. The results of this basic analysis are expected to be used to set the direction of various supply and demand management projects that take into account the rational and scientific use and distribution of rural water and the characteristics of water use areas by presenting a quantitative definition of Korea's agricultural water districts.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.753-767
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to evaluate histologically the effect of LiF-maleic acid added calcium aluminate(LM-CA) bone cement & CA-PMMA composite bone cement on the healing of calvarial defect in Sprague-Dawley rats. The critical size defects were surgically produced in the calvarial bone using the 8mm trephine bur. The rats were divided in three groups : In the control group, nothing was applied into the defect of each rat. LM-CA bone cement was implanted in the experimental group 1 and CA-PMMA composite bone cement was implanted in the experimental group 2. Rats were sacrificed at 2, 8 weeks after surgical procedure. The specimens were examined by histologic analysis, especially about the bone-cement interface and the response of surrounding tissue. The results are as follows; 1. In the control group, inflammatory infiltration was observed at 2 weeks. At 8 weeks, periosteum and duramater were continuously joined together in the defect area. But the center of defect area was filled up with the loose connective tissue. 2. In the experimental group 1, the bonding between implanted bone cement and the existing bone was seen, which more increased in 8 weeks than 2 weeks. Inflammatory infiltration and the dispersion of implanted bone cement particles were seen in both 2 weeks and 8 weeks. 3. In the experimental group 2, implanted bone itself had a dimensional stability and no bonding between implanted bone cement and the existing bone was seen in both 2 weeks and 8 weeks. Implanted bone cement was encapsulated by fibrous connective tissue. In addition, inflammatory infiltration was seen around implanted bone cement. On the basis of these results, when LM-CA bone cement or CA-PMMA composite bone cement was implanted in rat calvarial defect, LM-CA bone cement can be used as a bioactive bone graft material due to ability of bonding to the existing bone and CA-PMMA can be used as a graft material for augmentation of bone-volume due to dimensional stability.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.279-288
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• 2019

To obtain insightful knowledge of geochemical process controlling fluoride enrichment in groundwater of the villages near Shilabati river bank, West Bengal, India, multivariate statistical techniques were applied to a subgroup of the dataset generated from major ion analysis of groundwater samples. Water quality analysis of major ion chemistry revealed elevated levels of fluoride concentration in groundwater. Factor analysis (FA) of fifteen hydrochemical parameters demonstrated that fluoride occurrence was due to the weathering and dissolution of fluoride-bearing minerals in the aquifer. A strong positive loading (> 0.75) of fluoride with pH and bicarbonate for FA indicates an alkaline dominated environment responsible for leaching of fluoride from the source material. Mineralogical analysis of soli sediment exhibits the presence of fluoride-bearing minerals in underground geology. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was carried out to isolate the sampling sites according to groundwater quality. With HCA the sampling sites were isolated into three clusters. The occurrence of abundant fluoride in the higher elevated area of the observed three different clusters revealed that there was more contact opportunity of recharging water with the minerals present in the aquifer during infiltration through the vadose zone.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.163-172
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• 2004

Mast cells (MCs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of tissue fibrosis. However, the role of MC in the development of liver fibrosis has not been fully elucidated. Stem cell factor (SCF) is known to recruit MCs to the liver following injury as it induces mast cell proliferation, survival and differentiation from resident tissue precursors. This study examines the interaction between activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and MCs in rat fibrotic liver, and SCF production by HSCs during culture in vitro. Rats were studied 4, 7, 14 and 21 days after bile duct ligation (BDL). Fibrogenesis was assessed by a measurement of collagen stained with sirius red F3B. Activated HSCs and MCs were identified by ${\alpha}$-smooth muscle actin (${\alpha}-SMA$) immunohistochemical and alcian blue staining and measured by a computerized image analysis system. SCF production was determined in rat HSC cultures using Western blotting. Mild fibrotic changes were noted in BDL rat livers as early as 4 days after induction of cholestasis. Significant expansion and organization of fibrous tissue has occurred in day 14 BDL rats which progressed to bridging fibrosis by day 21. In BDL rats, both a large number of activated HSCs and MCs were detected in portal tracts and fibrous septa. Both area of activated HSCs infiltration and density of MCs were significantly higher in all BDL group compared with Shams. In BDL rats, both areas of activated HSCs infiltration and density of MCs were no significant difference between day 4 and 7 and were significantly higher in day 14. However, the areas of activated HSCs infiltration were significantly lesser in day 21 and the densities of MCs were significantly higher in day 21 compared with day14 BDL. In BDL rats, both areas of activated HSCs infiltration and density of MCs were highly correlated with areas of fibrosis. Western blotting showed that SCF protein was consistently produced in activated HSCs by culture on plastic and freshly isolated HSCs expressed relatively little 30kD SCF compared to late primary culture activated HSCs (day 14) and passaged HSCs. These results suggest that HSCs activated in vitro produce SCF, and may play an important role in recruiting mast cells to the liver during injury and fibrosis.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제83권1호
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• pp.112-126
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• 2022

목적 연조직 육종의 종양 가장자리 침윤을 예측하기 위한 3T 자기공명영상 텍스처 분석의 가치를 규명한다. 대상과 방법 3T 자기공명영상을 시행하고, 병리학적으로 연조직 육종으로 확인된 31명의 환자를 대상으로 하고, 병리학적인 가장자리 침윤을 표준으로 사용하였다. 연조직 육종에 대한 텍스처 분석은 축상 T1 강조영상, T2 강조영상, 지방억제 조영증강 T1 강조영상, 확산강조영상(b = 800 sec/mm²) 및 현성확산계수 지도 영상에서 이루어졌다. 텍스처 분석에서 얻어진 정량적 변수가 침윤성(infiltrative) 육종과 국한성(circumscribed) 육종에서 차이가 있는지 비교하였다. 결과 총 23명의 연조직 육종에서 병리학적인 가장자리 침윤을 보였다. 침윤성 육종과 국한성 육종은, T1 강조영상 공간 스케일 인자(spatial scaling factor; 이하 SSF) 0, 6에서의 첨도(kurtosis), 조영증강 T1 강조영상(SSF, 0)에서의 첨도, 확산강조영상(SSF, 0)에서의 왜도(skewness), 현성확산계수 지도(SSF 2, 4)에서의 왜도에서 유의한 차이가 있었다(p ≤ 0.046). 자기공명영상 텍스처 소견을 이용한 종양 가장자리 침윤을 예측하는 정확도는 수신자운영특성곡선(receiver operating characteristic; 이하 ROC)의 곡선하 면적(area under the ROC curve) 0.951 (p < 0.001)이었다. 결론 자기공명영상 텍스처 분석은 연조직 육종의 침윤성 가장자리를 예측하는 데 있어 신뢰 할 수 있으며 정확하다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제53권8호
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• pp.583-595
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 청계천 효자배수분구 유역을 대상으로 RCP 시나리오를 이용하여 Historical 강수량 및 5개의 GCMs 모델로 부터 산정된 Future 강수량과의 변화를 분석하였다. 각 GCMs 모델별 Historical 대비 Future 연 평균 강수량은 최소 35.30 mm에서 최대 208.65 mm 증가하였다. 그리고 Historical 대비 Future 변화율은 1.73%~16.84% 증가하였다. SWMM 모형을 이용하여 투수성포장, 침투도랑, 옥상녹화 3가지의 LID 요소기술을 이용하였다. 그리고 LID 요소기술별 적용된 가중치 변화에 따른 유출량을 분석하였다. 그 결과 각 GCMs 모델별 차이는 있으나 최소 2.58%, 최대 28.78% 유출량이 증가하였다. 그러나 투수성포장 및 침투도랑의 단일 적용시 INM-CM4와 MRI-CGCM3 모델에서 Historical 유출량 대비 각각 3.48%와 2.74%, 8.04%와 7.16% 감소되었다. 또한 두 가지의 LID 요소기술을 조합한 경우에도 유출량이 2.74%와 2.89%, 7.16%와 7.31% 감소되었다. 이것은 기존 Historical의 유출량보다 적거나 유사한 수준인 것으로 분석되었다. LID 요소기술의 적용 결과, 옥상녹화가 도심유역 면적의 1/3정도 적용되는 것이 유출량에 대한 지체시간을 확보하는데 가장 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 구도심 지역에 LID 기법을 적용할 경우 경제적 비용, 유지관리, 도심경관의 순서로 우선순위를 고려하는 것이 바람직하다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2014

The objective of this study is to suggest rainfall threshold for landslide forecasting and warning. For this study, we chose the research area where landslide have occurred. And we performed infiltration-stability analysis with rainfall intensity-duration. As the results of this study, slope stability variation chart with rainfall intensity-duration are established. This kind of chart is believed to be able to be used for forecasting and warning the landslide caused by rainfall.