• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.389-394
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• 2023

Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is s significant viral pathogen affecting cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Korea. In this study, five monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (IHNV-1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) were produced using purified IHNV. Reactivities of these mAbs were analyzed by western blot (WB), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). These mAbs recognized glycoprotein (69 kDa, IHNV-1), nucleocapsid protein (39 kDa, IHNV-3, 4, and 5), or phosphoprotein (27 kDa, IHNV-2) of IHNV by WB analysis. ELISA results indicated that these five mAbs were specific to IHNV without showing any cross-reactivity against other fish viruses (hirame rhabdovirus, infectious pancreatic necrosis virus, and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus). IFAT demonstrated specific fluorescence signals of IHNV-infected epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells, whereas no reactivity of normal EPC cells was observed. These mAbs can be very useful for immuno-diagnosis of IHNV infection.

• Korean Public Health Research
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.83-85
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• 2018

As the main aim of infectious disease epidemiology is to prevent a pathogen transmission, traditional epidemiological studies have focused on the evaluation of individual-level risk factors. But group-level factors as well as individual-level are important in understanding and controlling transmission of infectious diseases, especially sex-transmitted infectious diseases. Multi-level analysis (MLA) is known as a powerful analytical tool for investigating both levels simultaneously. While new cases of HIV/AIDS in Korea are increasing annually, it is urgently needed to establish research system for MLA led by Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.235-241
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• 2023

Hyaluronidase (HAase) can enhance drug diffusion and dissipate edema by degrading hyaluronic acid (HA) in the extracellular matrix into unsaturated HA oligosaccharides in mammalian tissues. Microorganisms are recognized as valuable sources of HAase. In this study, a new hyaluronate lyase (HAaseD) from Bacillus sp. CQMU-D was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21, purified, and characterized. The results showed that HAaseD belonged to the polysaccharide lyase (PL) 8 family and had a molecular weight of 123 kDa. HAaseD could degrade chondroitin sulfate (CS) -A, CS-B, CS-C, and HA, with the highest activity toward HA. The optimum temperature and pH value of HAaseD were 40℃ and 7.0, respectively. In addition, HAaseD retained stability in an alkaline environment and displayed higher activity with appropriate concentrations of metal ions. Moreover, HAaseD was an endolytic hyaluronate lyase that could degrade HA to produce unsaturated HA oligosaccharides. Together, our findings indicate that HAaseD from Bacillus sp. CQMU-D is a new hyaluronate lyase and with excellent potential for application in industrial production.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2011

Recently, with the advent of high risk infectious agent such as the Ebola virus, SARS, special research facilities dealing with such dangerous pathogenic are drawing attention gradually. Especially, this kind of facilities can be called BL4(Biosafety Level 4) facility. At the moment, Korean government is going to construct BL4 institute in order to handle efficiently such kind of pathogen. However, there are no proper design guidelines for BL4 facility. This paper proposes circulation system of BL4 facility on the basis of analysis of existing BL4 guidelines of Canada, and Korean BL3 facilities. The outcomes of this study are as follows. At first, functional areas of BL4 facilities have been divided into three categories according to the hazard level ; dangerous area, transitional area, and ordinary area. Secondly, circulation system of BL4 facility has been explored as a form of diagram according to the circulating subjects. These include human, laboratory animals, hazardous pathogen, equipments and cloth. This study has some limitations in that it lacks empirical evidences and concrete SOPs(Standard Operating Procedure). Despite of some weaknesses, it is expected to give some preliminary guidelines for the design of circulation system in BL4 facilities.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.662-665
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• 2021

Streptococcus suis is a major pig pathogen causing severe economic losses to the swine industry. This study aimed to analyze the genome of S. suis strain INT-01 isolated from a domestic pig in Korea. We found that the genome of strain INT-01 contains 2,092,054 bp, with a guanine (G) + cytosine (C) content of 41.3%, and the capsular polysaccharide synthesis locus of this strain is almost identical to that of serotype 3 S. suis strain 4961 isolated from China, suggesting that these isolates can be classified as serotype 3. Genomic analyses revealed that strain INT-01 is an extracellular protein factor (epf)^-/ muraminidase-released protein (mrp)⁺/ suilysin (sly)^- S. suis, which is the most prevalent genotype in Korea, and several virulence-related genes associated with the pathogenicity of S. suis were also detected. The genomic information of strain INT-01 may provide important insights into the development of control strategies against S. suis infections in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.327-335
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine factors related to clinical nurses' nursing intention for high risk pathogen infected patient. Methods: The participants were 230 clinical nurses from four university hospitals which located in B and D metropolitan cities. Data were collected from September 14 to 25 in 2015 and were analyzed using a hierarchical regression. Results: The mean of nursing intention score for high risk pathogen infected patient for the participants was $110.62{\pm}12.68$ (range 36~180). The most influential factor for nursing intention was professional self concept of nurses (${\beta}=.321$), and organizational group culture (${\beta}=.166$) was the next influential factor. The level of education and working department were also statistically significant contributors. Conclusion: It is necessary to increase clinical nurses' nursing intention for high risk pathogen infected patient to improve professional self concept of nurses and organizational group culture.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.143-152
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aims to explore the mediating effect of the nursing professionalism in the relationship between nurse's character and nursing intention caring for high risk pathogen infected patients in the tertiary hospital nurses. Methods: This study used a crosssectional descriptive design. The participants were 129 nurses from two tertiary hospitals. The questionnaire consisted of tools measuring clinical nursing personality, nursing professionalism and nursing intention caring for high risk pathogen infected patients in the tertiary hospital nurses. The data were analyzed using independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and hierarchical multiple linear regression. Results: There were significant relationships between nurse's character and nursing professionalism (r=.59, p<.001), nurse's character and nursing intention caring for high risk pathogen infected patients (r=.54, p<.001), and nursing professionalism and nursing intention caring for high risk pathogen infected patients (r=.54, p<.001). In the relationship between nurse's character and nursing intention caring for high risk pathogen infected patients, nursing professionalism had a partial mediating effect. Conclusion: This current study suggests that strategies for improving nursing professionalism in nurses should be considered when developing an educational program for enhancing their nursing intention caring for high risk pathogen infected patients.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.101-110
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• 2022

This study was performed to investigate infectious gastrointestinal diseases in 115 Korean cats (83 indoors and 32 outdoors) with digestive signs such as diarrhea, anorexia or abdominal distention. Detection of infectious pathogens was analyzed using real-time PCR. As a result, 85 of 115 Korean cats were detected with feline corona virus (FCoV), feline parvo virus, Group A rotavirus, Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens), Campylobacter coli (C. coli), Campylobacter jejuni, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Tritrichomonas foetus, Cyclospora cayetanensis, and Giardia lamblia. The most frequently detected pathogen was C. perfringens (52 cats, 61.2%), followed by FCoV (43 cats, 50.6%) and C. coli (16 cats, 18.8%). Also, single infection was the most common (43 cats), followed by double infection in 31 cats, triple infection in 7 cats, and quadruple infection in 4 cats. There was no significant relationship between pathogen detection and age, gender, living environment, weather, and diarrhea. However, there was a significant difference between the age group under 1 year and the age group 1~7 (P value<0.05). In this study, cats with suspected gastrointestinal infection were randomly evaluated, and other factors that could affect pathogen detection were insufficiently considered. For this reason, additional epidemiological investigations with a larger number of cats and sufficient consideration of the causes that may affect the results are needed. Nevertheless, it is thought that this study can also provide valuable information on gastrointestinal pathogens in Korean cats.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.102-110
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• 2023

Wastewater Based Epidemiology (WBE) provides useful information not only on the use of illegal drugs in the community, but also on the presence of hygiene and health products and infectious pathogens in sewage facilities. As a consequence of the SARS-CoV-19 virus epidemic in 2019, monitoring the status of the infection is of utmost importance. SARS-CoV-19 was also detected in sewage, and the number and trend of infections in the community suggest that the application of the WBE system would be useful and appropriate. This study introduces a pre-treatment concentration method including viruses in sewage samples. A total of seven methods which were subdivided into methods for adsorption-extraction, ultra-filtration, PEG precipitation, and ultra-centrifugation, and the results for analyzing the recovery rates were included. Meanwhile, it is necessary to pay attention to rapid detection technologies which analyze infectious pathogens at the site of sewage facilities. These can include ELISA, FTIR, SERS, and biosensor based on the detection principle, and the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of each were summarized herein. If rapid detection technologies and accurate quantitative analyses are further developed, the use of sewage mechanics in response to pandemic viruses is expected to expand further.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.70.1-70.12
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• 2024

Importance: Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an important viral poultry disease that vaccination can control. Objective: This study examined the immune protection of immune-complex (Vaccine A) and attenuated live (Vaccine B) IBD vaccines in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens against a novel Malaysian variant IBD virus (vaIBDV) challenge. Methods: One-day-old (n =75) SPF chickens were divided randomly into the following three groups of 25 chicks each: Control, Vaccine A, and Vaccine B groups. The vaIBDV strain, UPM1432/2019, was used for the challenge at 21 and 28days post-vaccination (dpv). Five birds from unchallenged and challenged groups were sacrificed seven days post-challenge, and blood, bursa, spleen, and cloacal swabs were collected. The IBD antibodies (Abs), lymphoid lesions, and viral load were determined. Results: The UPM1432/2019 virus induced bursal damage in vaccinated SPF chickens despite Ab titers. The mean Ab titers of the Vaccine A challenged group were significantly lower (p < 0.002) than in the unchallenged group at 28 dpv. The bursal indices of the vaccinated unchallenged groups did not differ significantly from those of the vaccinated challenged groups (p = 0.94). Microscopically, the bursae of the challenged groups showed significant atrophy. The bursal lesion score was higher (p < 0.05) in the control and Vaccine B challenged groups than the Vaccine A challenged group. The challenged group had a higher viral load than the vaccinated groups (p < 0.001). Conclusions and Relevance: Neither vaccine fully protected against a vaIBDV challenge, highlighting the limitations of current vaccines and the need for further research.