• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.12
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• pp.1519-1527
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• 2002

Purpose : Although influenza virus is one of the most important causes of acute respiratory tract infections(ARTIs) in children, virus isolation is not popular and there are only a few clinical studies on influenza in Korea. We evaluated the epidemiologic and clinical features of ARTIs by influenza virus in children. Methods : From February 1995 to August 2001, nasopharyngeal aspirations were obtained and cultured for the isolation of influenza virus in children admitted with ARTIs. The medical records of patients with influenza virus infection were reviewed retrospectively. Results : Respiratory viruses were isolated in 997(22.0%) out of 4,533 patients examined, and influenza virus was isolated in 164 cases(3.6%). Influenza virus was isolated year after year mainly from December to April of next year. The ratio of male and female was 1.9 : 1 with a median age of 15 months. The most common clinical diagnosis of influenza virus infection was pneumonia, and fever and cough developed in most patients. There was no difference between influenza A and B infection in clinical diagnoses and symptoms. All patients recovered without receiving antiviral treatment except for one patient diagnosed with pneumonia who had underlying disease of Down syndrome with ventricular septal defect. Conclusion : ARTIs caused by influenza virus developed every winter and spring during the period of study. Because fatal complication can develop in the high risk group, prevention, early diagnosis and proper management of influenza should be emphasized.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.205-211
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• 2005

Objectives: In Ulleung island, many people was suffered from dermatomycosis. But many patients was not recognized to dermatomycosis due to little symptom. So, public health education was needed. We will plan education direction based on evidence. So, in one way, the recognition level was needed to determine education direction. Methods: From June to July in 2005, 45 patients was made a question. The questionnaire was composed of chief complaint, site, duration, similar disease in family, 5 questiones and so on. If patients was recognized to 1 question, 1 score was added. Remain 4 question was done in same manner. Results: The low score group were that total socre was beyond 2. And The high score group were that total score was above 3. The low score group was 24 persons, average age was 59. The high score group was 21 persons and average age was 42. Male and female ratio was 7 : 17 in low score group and 10 : 11 in high score group. Coinfection was 17 patients in low score group and 2 patients in high score group. There was only 17 patients that wete recognized that dermatomycosis and "Moozom" were same disease. And, many patients was not recognized to possibility of reinfection after treatment of dermatomycosis. Conclusions: In Ulleung island, coinfection rate was higher than other area bacause of low recognition level. And infection rate in family was higher too. So, there was essential to educate of dermatomycosis prevention. Dermatomycosis patient became older and was more female than other area, so there was need to centralize people to be needed of public health education. Finally, many statistical study for dermatomycosis should be needed for many patients and general populations in Ulleung island.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.996-1002
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• 1996

From August 1979 to August 1995, 73 consecutive patients with various pulmonary diseases underwent pneumonectomy Underlying diseases were lung cancer(53 cases), pulmonary tuberculosis(10 cases), bronchiectasis(4 cases) and others(6 cases). Operative mortality and complication rate for 73 patients and respiratory capacity for 53 patients at postoperative 6 months were measured, and statistically analysed for the influencing factors. The influencing factors on prognosis included age, sex, pathologic finding (benign or malignant), associated diseases, preoperative pulmonary function test and operation time. The statistically significant factors for operative mortality were preoperative MW(% prep)(P=0.013) and operation time(P=0.009). The factors influencing operative complication was infectious disease (P=0. 015), and for respiratory capacity a postoperative 6 months, preoperative FVC(%. prod) (PED.0018), FEVI(%. prod)(P=0.0024), and MW(%. prod) (P=0.004)) were statistically significant factors. The preoperative FVC(%. tyred), FEVI(% . prod) and MW(%. prod) should be measured exactly. We conclude that preoperative lung function, cardiovascular and nutritional status, postoperative care and infection prevention were important factors to decrease the operative mortality and complication as well as to increase respiratory capacity.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.793-802
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• 1998

Salmonellosis caused by a number of serotypes of Salmonella is an infectious, acute or chronic, zoonotic disease and characterized by enteritis and diarrhea, septicemia in animal. In these studies we investigated the prevalent serotypes of Salmonella causing animal salmonellosis in Korea and the 71 strains of Salmonella spp. were isolated from materials such as mesenteric lymph nodes, fecal samples from slaughtered animal. With the identification test results, the most prevalent serotypes were, in order, S stanley 31 strains (43.7%), S typhimurium 19 strains (26.8%) and S montevideo 11 strains (15.5%), respectively. And we could establish the method for detection of antibodies to broad variety of Salmonella serotypes. Lipopolysaccharide(LPS) antigen extracted from Salmonella was more sensitive and specific than outer membrane protein antigen from that for detection of Salmonella antibody by using an indirect ELISA. The optimal concentration of antigen was 100ng/ml of LPS, the dilutions of conjugate and serum were 1 : 1,000~2,000 and 1 : 200~400, respectively. The mix LPS-ELISA which was used by mixing LPS from S typhimurium (group B), S choleraesuis (group C) and S enteritidis (group D) were more rapid and effective than that used LPS from individual strain for detection of Salmonella serogroup O4, O7 and O9 antibody at the same time. We could obtain the high values of optical density ($0.73{\pm}0.32$) by mix LPS-ELISA on the farm which had occurred salmonellosis, but very low values of $0.17{\pm}0.06$ on the negative farm of salmonellosis. So, the mix LPS-ELISA may be used to monitor the serological surveillance for the presence of infection with a number of serotypes of Salmonella and would be useful for prevention and control of salmonellosis in animal.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.773-780
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• 2015

3D8 single chain variable fragment (scFv) is a recombinant monoclonal antibody with nuclease activity that was originally isolated from autoimmune-prone MRL mice. In a previous study, we analyzed the nuclease activity of 3D8 scFv and determined that a HeLa cell line expressing 3D8 scFv conferred resistance to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and pseudorabies virus (PRV). In this study, we demonstrate that 3D8 scFv could be delivered to target tissues and cells where it exerted a therapeutic effect against PRV. PRV was inoculated via intramuscular injection, and 3D8 scFv was injected intraperitoneally. The observed therapeutic effect of 3D8 scFv against PRV was also supported by results from quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, southern hybridization, and immunohistochemical assays. Intraperitoneal injection of 5 and $10{\mu}g$ 3D8 scFv resulted in no detectable toxicity. The survival rate in C57BL/6 mice was 9% after intramuscular injection of 10 $LD_{50}$ PRV. In contrast, the 3D8 scFv-injected C57BL/6 mice showed survival rates of 57% ($5{\mu}g$) and 47% ($10{\mu}g$). The results indicate that 3D8 scFv could be utilized as an effective antiviral agent in several animal models.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.228-239
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• 1999

In 1990 Home Care Education Programs started when legislation established certification for Home Care Nurses. The Ministry of Health and Welfare proposed a home care education curriculum which has 352 class hours and 248 hours of 'family nursing and practice'. Though Home Care Education Programs have been offered in 11 home care educational institutes, there has been no formal revision for the home care education programs. Also a first and second home care demonstration projects have been carried out, but there has been no research on outcomes for home care education as applied in home care practice. The purposes of this study were to identify the important content areas for home care nursing as perceived by home care nurses, and to identify their clinical competence in each of these areas, and from these to identify the education needs. The sample was 107 home care nurses who were working in home care demonstration hospitals and community-based institutions which have been offering home care services. Responses were received from 88 nurses, comprising a 82.2% return rate, and 86 were included in the final analysis. The instrument used was a modification of the instrument developed by Caie-Lawrence et(1995) and Moon's(1991) instrument on home care knowledge. The instrument's Cronbach's coefficient was 0.982. Among the respondents, 64% were working at home care demonstration hospitals and 36% were working at community-based institutions. Their home care experiences were from one month to six years, with a mean of 20.6 months. The importance rating for home care education content was 3.42 0.325, which means importance was rated relatively high. Technical aspects of home care were identified the most important. Five items 'education skill', 'counseling skill', 'interview skill', 'wound care skill', 'bed sore care skill' received 100% importance ratings. The competency rating was 2.87 0.367 and 'technical aspects of home care' was the highest, and 'application to home care skill' was the lowest. Home care nurses' education needs were identified and compared to the importance ratings and competency ratings. Eleven items were identified as the highest in the importance areas and eleven items were in the lowest competency areas. High importance ratings matched with low competency ratings determined training needs, but there was no matching items in this study. In the lowest competency areas four items were excluded, because of not being applicable in current home care practice. Therefore total eighteen items were identified as home care education needs. These items are 'bed sore care skill', 'malpractice', 'wound care skill', 'general infection control', 'change and management of tracheostomy tubes', 'CVA patient care', 'Hospice care', 'pain management', 'urinary catheterization and management', 'L-tube insertion and managements', 'Respirator use and management skill', 'infant care', 'prevention to burnout', 'child assessment', 'CAPD', 'infant assessment', 'computer literacy', and 'psychiatry patient care'.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.183-187
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to assess the level of contamination of dental equipment surfaces by Staphylococcus aureus and to obtain basic information for the prevention against cross infection between students and outpatients. Human samples were collected by rubbing the oral cavity, anterior noses, and lip of students and outpatients with sterile cotton swabs. Environmental samples were collected from 11 sites at practical laboratory, 4 sites at seminar room, and 5 sites at sterilizing room before, during, and after clinical procedures. These samples were cultured on brain-heart infusion agar at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. Gram-stained and identified as S. aureus colonies were counted each period and these results were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA test. In human, oral cavity showed the greatest S. aureus counts and there were no statistically significant differences between students and outpatient. Practical laboratory revealed the greatest S. aureus among all environmental groups. The greatest number of S. aureus was observed during clinical procedures (P < 0.05) and light handles, chair head, and spittoon showed a high level of statistically significant differences. In conclusion, S. aureus was dispersed in human and dental clinical environment and increased their number during clinical procedures.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.76-93
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to define the core components required of nurses to provide quality nursing care to patients and analyze the significance of these components in the hospital's various units to maintain a high level of competence among nurses. Method: The study evaluated 3 categories included 35 subcategories with 148 core components that were derived from literature review and interviews of nursing professionals. The nursing professional category included 18 subcategories with 98 components, the organizational culture category included 4 subcategories with 16 components, and the temperament-attitude category included 13 subcategories with 34 components. The study included 335 nurses with more than one year of hospital experience and measured disparities among different hospital units. The data was analyzed with SPSS-Win 10.0, differing perceptions of the importance of general traits among the participants were measured using standard deviation, and differing perceptions of the importance of professional traits among the participants were assessed using ANOVA and subsequently with the Bonferroni Test. The reliability of the aforementioned research tools were evaluated using the Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. Result: The results of the study were as follows: 1. Among the three categories, temperament-attitude category was perceived to be the most important, followed by nursing professional category and organizational culture category. Among the ten most important subcategories within the three categories, safety and infection prevention as well as responsibility were perceived to be the most important, followed by promotion of physiologic adaptation, document management and presentation, self-control, ethics, observance law, coping with emergency, humanity, and medication. 2. The relative importance of category associated with the core competencies within the hospital unit were as follows : 1) The units that rated nursing professional category as being the most significant were: internal medicine, surgical unit, mother-child unit, emergency room, intensive care unit, and operating room, in that order. 2) The units that rated the organizational culture competencies as being the most significant were: mother-child unit, internal medicine, surgical unit, emergency room, operating room, and intensive care unit, in that order. 3) The units that rated temperament-attitude category as being the most significant were: internal medicine, surgical unit, emergency room, mother-child unit, operating room, and intensive care unit, in that order.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2005

Pressure ulcers are serious complications of tissue damage that can develop in patients with diminished pain sensation and diminished mobility. Pressure ulcers can result in irreversible tissue damage caused by ischemia resulting from external loading. There are many intrinsic and extrinsic contributors to the problem, including interface tissue pressure, shear, temperature, moisture, hygiene, nutrition, tissue tolerance, sensory and motor dysfunction, disease and infection, posture, and body support systems. The purposes of this study were to investigate the relationship between buttock interface pressure and seating position, wheelchair propulsion speed. Seated-interface pressure was measured using the Force Sensing Array pressure mapping system. Twenty subjects propelled wheelchair handrim on a motor-driven treadmill at different velocities (40, 60, 80 m/min) and seating position used recline ($100^{\circ}$, $110^{\circ}$, $120^{\circ}$) with a wheelchair simulator. Interface pressure consists of average (mean of the pressure sensor values) and maximum pressure (highest individual sensor value). The results of this study were as follows; No significant correlation in maximum/average pressure was found between a static position and a 40 m/min wheelchair propulsion (p>.05). However, a significant increase in maximum/average pressure were identified between conditions of a static position and 60 m/min, and 80 m/min wheelchair propulsion (p<.05). No significant correlation in maximum pressure were found between a $90^{\circ}$ recline (neutral position) and a $100^{\circ}$, $110^{\circ}$, or $120^{\circ}$ recline of the wheelchair back (p>.05). No significant difference in average pressure was found between conditions of a $90^{\circ}$ recline and both a $100^{\circ}$ and $110^{\circ}$ recline of wheelchair back. However, a significant reduction in average pressure was identified between conditions of a $90^{\circ}$ and $120^{\circ}$ recline of wheelchair back (p<.05). This study has shown some interesting results that reclining the seat by $120^{\circ}$ reduced average interface pressure, including the reduction or prevention in edema. And interface pressure was greater during dynamic wheelchair propulsion compared with static seating. Therefore, the optimal seating position and seating system ought to provide postural control and pressure relief. We need an education on optimal seating position and a suitable propulsion speeds for wheelchair users.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.299-305
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• 2012

Yam has been recognized having the beneficial effects for the prevention of various diseases, such as cancer, immunity, infection and obesity etc. There is increasing consideration to supplement the antioxidant nutrients to make up the lack of the antioxidant nutrient intakes. No study has been reported for the analysis of antioxidant mineral contents and comparison to dietary recommended intake for the sense of health promotion. In our study, we analyzed the contents of antioxidant trace elements (Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu and Se) and Cr contents in cultivated Korean yam powders for evaluation of nutrient intake aspects. We collected the commercial yam powders from six different cultivated areas in the South Korea and measured antioxidant minerals (Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu and Se) and Cr contents using trace element-free plasma spectrometer (ICP) or atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) after dry-ashing and then wet-acid digestion. The accuracy of mineral analysis method was confirmed by the mineral analysis of standard reference material. Each analyzed element contents in yam were compared to dietary reference intakes of Koreans (KDRIs). The average levels of trace elements (Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu, Se and Cr) in yam powders were 18.3, 11.9, 36.0, 3.7, 1.9 and 1.27 ${\mu}g/g$ yam powder, respectively. The intakes of Zn, Fe, Cu and Se of which KDRIs is determined, are accounted as being up to 23.8%, 55.6%, 32.5% and 236% recommended intake (RI) of KDRIs, if daily yam supplementation (50 g) of commercial instruction would be considered. The intake of Mn is about 25% adequate intake (AI) of KDRIs with the daily supplementation of yam powder. Most of mineral intakes from daily yam supplementation were with the range of non-detectable to <10% upper limit (UL) level, which is very much safe. The study results show that daily supplementation of Korean yam power is beneficial to provide the supplemental nutrient intake and also is safe, if the suggested dosage would be considered.