• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.192-197
• /
• 2006

Objective : Eleven patients treated with posterior cerebral artery[PCA] aneurysm during 6.3-years period are retrospectively reviewed to determine treatment outcome. Methods : Eleven patients with PCA aneurysm were treated from January 1998 to May 2004. Their medical records and radiologic studies were reviewed retrospectively. The records of these patients were analysed with particular reference to their demographic details, mode of presentation, and treatment outcome. Results : Of the 11 patients, 8 patients presented with symptoms related aneurysmal bleeding. Three patients had unruptured PCA aneurysms. Open or endovascular surgery was performed in 9 patients; None of these patients exhibited a third nerve palsy, visual field deficit, or hemiparesis at the time of presentation. Postoperatively, 2 made a good recovery, 2 had a moderate disability because of cerebral infarction after surgery, and 5 had a severe disability because of cerebral infarction after surgery. Of 2 conservatively treated patients, 1 was doing well but the other died as a result of brain swelling. Conclusion : The treatment of the PCA aneurysms is difficult regardless of the aneurysmal size, site, and treatment modality. All reasonable treatment to reduce the risk of associated morbidity should be considered.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.30 no.sup1
• /
• pp.91-98
• /
• 2001

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic factors in patients who suffered an intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) due to a ruptured middle cerebral artery(MCA) aneurysm. Methods : Among 148 case of ruptured MCA aneurysm, ruptured MCA aneurysm with ICH was compared with ruptured MCA aneurysm alone. According to factors, the prognosis in these two groups was analyzed. Prognosis was evaluated postoperatively by applying Glasgow Outcome Scale(GOS) at discharge. Prognostic factors were evaluated with Chi square test, Mann-Whitney test and ANOVA test with differences being considered significant for value less than 0.05. Results : Ruptured MCA aneurysm alone revealed better consciousness on admission and final outcome than those combined with ICH. Ruptured MCA aneurysm alone showed 74% in H-H grade I, II and 82% in GOS I, II. But ruptured MCA aneurysm with ICH showed 63% in H-H grade IV, V and 52% in GOS IV, V. Age, sex, lesion site, aneurysmal size, temoporary clipping time, interval to operation, operative approach were statistically not significant in prognosis(p>0.05). But H-H grade on admission(p<0.05), complication(esp. cerebral infarction)(p<0.05), preoperative ICH volume and site(p<0.01), preoperative midline shifting(p<0.01), remained ICH volume(p<0.05) showed significance statistically. Conclusion : Prognostic factors are helpful to neurosurgeon to estimate clinical and neurological outcome postoperatively. We suggest that the good prognostic factors in ruptured MCA aneurysm with ICH were good H-H grade on admission, cerebral infarction(-), preoperative ICH volume <25cc, temporal and intrasylvian ICH, preoperative midline shifting <5mm, remained ICH volume <10cc.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.205-213
• /
• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Myocardial infarction (MI) is caused by extensive myocardial damage attributed to the occlusion of coronary arteries. Our previous study in a rat model of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) demonstrated that administration of arabinoxylan (AX), comprising arabinose and xylose, protects against myocardial injury. In this study, we undertook to investigate whether psyllium seed husk (PSH), a safe dietary fiber containing a high level of AX (> 50%), also imparts protection against myocardial injury in the same rat model. MATERIALS/METHODS: Rats were fed diets supplemented with PSH (1, 10, or 100 mg/kg/d) for 3 d. The rats were then subjected to 30 min ischemia through ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery, followed by 3 h reperfusion through release of the ligation. The hearts were harvested and cut into four slices. To assess infarct size (IS), an index representing heart damage, the slices were stained with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC). To elucidate underlying mechanisms, Western blotting was performed for the slices. RESULTS: Supplementation with 10 or 100 mg/kg/d of PSH significantly reduces the IS. PSH supplementation (100 mg/kg/d) tends to reduce caspase-3 generation and increase BCL-2/BAX ratio. PSH supplementation also upregulates the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), and its target genes including antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase mu 2 (GSTM2) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). PSH supplementation upregulates some sirtuins ($NAD^+$-dependent deacetylases) including SIRT5 (a mitochondrial sirtuin) and SIRT6 and SIRT7 (nuclear sirtuins). Finally, PSH supplementation upregulates the expression of protein kinase A (PKA), and increases phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) (pCREB), a target protein of PKA. CONCLUSIONS: The results from this study indicate that PSH consumption reduces myocardial I/R injury in rats by inhibiting the apoptotic cascades through modulation of gene expression of several genes located upstream of apoptosis. Therefore, we believe that PSH can be developed as a functional food that would be beneficial in the prevention of MI.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.275-282
• /
• 2022

Background: Stroke is a neurological disorder characterized by brain tissue damage following a decrease in oxygen supply to brain due to blocked blood vessels. Reportedly, 80% of all stroke cases are classified as cerebral infarction, and the incidence rate of this condition increases with age. Herein, we compared the efficacies of Korean White ginseng (WG) and Korean Red Ginseng (RG) extracts (WGex and RGex, respectively) in an ischemic stroke mouse model and confirmed the underlying mechanisms of action. Methods: Mice were orally administered WGex or RGex 1 h before middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), for 2 h; the size of the infarct area was measured 24 h after MCAO induction. Then, the neurological deficit score was evaluated and the efficacies of the two extracts were compared. Finally, their mechanisms of action were confirmed with tissue staining and protein quantification. Results: In the MCAO-induced ischemic stroke mouse model, WGex and RGex showed neuroprotective effects in the cortical region, with RGex demonstrating superior efficacy than WGex. Ginsenoside Rg1, a representative indicator substance, was not involved in mediating the effects of WGex and RGex. Conclusion: WGex and RGex could alleviate the brain injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion, with RGex showing a more potent effect. At 1,000 mg/kg body weight, only RGex reduced cerebral infarction and edema, and both anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic pathways were involved in mediating these effects.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.67 no.1
• /
• pp.42-49
• /
• 2024

Objective : There is still controversy regarding whether neck remodeling stent affects the occurrence of silent embolic infarction (SEI) after aneurysm coiling. Thus, the aim of the present study is to investigate the incidence of SEI after stent-assisted coiling (SAC) using Neuroform Atlas Stent (NAS) and possible risk factors. This study also includes a comparison with simple coiling group during the same period to estimate the impact of NAS on the occurrence of SEI. Methods : This study included a total of 96 unruptured intracranial aneurysms in 96 patients treated with SAC using NAS. Correlations of demographic data, aneurysm characteristics, and angiographic parameters with properties of SEI were analyzed. The incidence and characteristics of SEI were investigated in 28 patients who underwent simple coiling during the same period, and the results were compared with the SAC group. Results : In the diffusion-weighted imaging obtained on the 1st day after SAC, a total of 106 SEI lesions were observed in 48 (50%) of 96 patients. Of these 48 patients, 38 (79.2%) had 1-3 lesions. Of 106 lesions, 74 (69.8%) had a diameter less than 3 mm. SEI occurred more frequently in older patients (≥60 years, p=0.013). The volume of SEI was found to be significantly increased in older age (≥60 years, p=0.032), hypertension (p=0.036), and aneurysm size ≥5 mm (p=0.047). The incidence and mean volume of SEI in the SAC group (n=96) were similar to those of the simple coiling group (n=28) during the same period. Conclusion : SEIs are common after NAS-assisted coiling. Their incidence in SAC was comparable to that in simple coiling. They occurred more frequently at an older age. Therefore, the use of NAS in the treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysm does not seem to be associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic events if antiplatelet premedication has been performed well.

• The Journal of Korean Oriental Chronic Disease
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.39-45
• /
• 2005

Objectives It is the case study of a critically ill patient with cerebral infarction and acute edematous change at femur due to a hematoma, of whom taken care with herb medicine according to the diagnosis of SCM(Sasang Constitutional Medicine). Methods The syndrome of the patient was diagnosed as a superficial disease of Taeumin. So after the on-set of the femoral edema, Jowiseungchung-tang added Castanea mollissima(Gunyul) and Maladera castanea(Jejo) was used. And we checked the change of the circumferencial size her thigh and followed up the sonography. Results and conclusions The therapy was significantly effective, and the edema was rapidly absorbed. The circumferential size was 83cm at on-set time, but got smaller to 57cm almost same to the healthy side of her thigh, and there was no more hematoma or systemic hemorrhagic sign on the body.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.1963-1967
• /
• 2003

Communication device to use slight movement for serious disabled is proposed. This device is developed mainly for patients suffering from ALS or a cerebral infarction. They often have communication difficulty because of deterioration of muscular functions. Features of this device are that the device is wearable on the user’s body and that it detects the movement of eyebrow. Because of these features, it is quite easy to install the sensor on the patient’s body, not like the conventional sensors. Furthermore, an adaptive communication software is incorporated. A feature of this software is that the arrangement and size of the button and window on the display can be optimized depending on the user's physical ability. In the field test it is confirmed that the communication device developed in this study is successfully helped the people with disability for increasing their communication ability.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.48 no.3
• /
• pp.259-262
• /
• 2010

Large to giant middle cerebral artery aneurysm is a challenging disease, especially when incorporating important perforating arteries. Surgical risk increases by perforator infarction and anatomical complexity. In this clinical setting, extensive consideration of surgical options is needed. The two cases described here were unruptured and had rather stable wall. Because of their large and giant size, hardness and incorporated arteries, it was not affordable to isolate them by means of clipping or trapping. The procedure as the alternative to conventional treatment modalities, extracranial-intracranial bypass followed by clipping of only the efferent artery successfully treated the aneurysms.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.54 no.7
• /
• pp.356-367
• /
• 2021

Cell-based therapy is a promising approach in the field of regenerative medicine. As cells are formed into spheroids, their survival, functions, and engraftment in the transplanted site are significantly improved compared to single cell transplantation. To improve the therapeutic effect of cell spheroids even further, various biomaterials (e.g., nano- or microparticles, fibers, and hydrogels) have been developed for spheroid engineering. These biomaterials not only can control the overall spheroid formation (e.g., size, shape, aggregation speed, and degree of compaction), but also can regulate cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions in spheroids. Therefore, cell spheroids in synergy with biomaterials have recently emerged for cell-based regenerative therapy. Biomaterials-assisted spheroid engineering has been extensively studied for regeneration of bone or/and cartilage defects, critical limb ischemia, and myocardial infarction. Furthermore, it has been expanded to pancreas islets and hair follicle transplantation. This paper comprehensively reviews biomaterials-assisted spheroid engineering for regenerative therapy.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.647-659
• /
• 2020

Objective: The occurrence of intramyocardial hemorrhage (IMH) and microvascular obstruction (MVO) in myocardial infarction (MI), known as severe ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), has been associated with adverse remodeling. APT102, a soluble human recombinant ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1, can hydrolyze extracellular nucleotides to attenuate their prothrombotic and proinflammatory effects. The purpose of this study was to temporally evaluate the therapeutic effect of APT102 on IRI in rats and to elucidate the evolution of IRI in the acute stage using cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI). Materials and Methods: Fifty-four rats with MI, induced by ligation of the origin of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 60 minutes, were randomly divided into the APT102 (n = 27) or control (n = 27) group. Intravenous infusion of APT102 (0.3 mg/kg) or placebo was administered 15 minutes before reperfusion, and then 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, and on day 4 after reperfusion. CMRI was performed at 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, and on day 5 post-reperfusion using a 7T system and the hearts were collected for histopathological examination. Cardiac function was quantified using cine imaging and IMH/edema using T2 mapping, and infarct/MVO using late gadolinium enhancement. Results: The extent of infarction (p < 0.001), edema (p < 0.001), IMH (p = 0.013), and MVO (p = 0.049) was less severe in the APT102 group than in the control group. IMH size at 48 hours was significantly greater than that at 24 hours, 72 hours, and 5 days after reperfusion (all p < 0.001). The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was significantly greater in the APT102 group than in the control group (p = 0.006). There was a negative correlation between LVEF and IMH (r = -0.294, p = 0.010) and a positive correlation between IMH and MVO (r = 0.392, p < 0.001). Conclusion: APT102 can significantly alleviate damage to the ischemic myocardium and microvasculature. IMH size peaked at 48 hours post reperfusion and IMH is a downstream consequence of MVO. IMH may be a potential therapeutic target to prevent adverse remodeling in MI.