• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.373-385
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the lactation and weaning practice of infants and their mothers' attitude on infant nutrition. We interviewed 152 mothers in three pediatric clinics located in Sokcho city. From this survey, $76.3\%$ of infants was fed colostrum milk during first one week of life. During the first 4 months, $31.6\%$ of infants was fed breast-milk, while $42.8\%$ of them was fed bottled-milk. More housewives fed their babies with breast milk than the working mothers. Infants ate first weaning food at 5.73$\pm$1.86 months of life. Highly educated mothers showed positive response to the questionnaire : Breast-feeding is good for baby but it requires mother's sacrifice, and Breast-feeding may ruin the good shape of mothers. Highly income mothers responded negatively to the statement : Breast-feeding is not a must for infants since bottled-milk is a good substitution for breast-milk. Comparing with the mothers whose income was about 1 -2 million won per month, with ones who got paid less than 1 million won per month the former responded positively to : Breast-feeding is good for baby but it requires mother's sacrifice. Mothers recognized the importance of weaning in the following order : Supply of nutrition, Enforcement of digestion and absorption capability, Variety of taste, Disease prevention, Development of self-reliance, and Development of baby tooth. To improve the infants' nutritional status, education program on infant nutrition should be organized and run for the pregnant and lactating women in obstetrician and pediatric clinics and through the mass media as well.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.43-55
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• 2021

Purposes: The purpose of this study is to confirm the effect of mother's nationality on screening rates for infants and children health screening. We intend to find out if there is a difference in health level between infants of multicultural families and infants of domestic families, and contribute to policies to enhance future national health levels by providing information on them. Methodology: Data for those who received the first infant and children health screening between 2012 and 2018 were obtained from the National Health Insurance Service(NHIS) DB. Frequency analysis, chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were performed with the SAS 9.4 program, and the case where all the 1st to 3rd checkups were completed was defined as type I, and the case of all the 1st to 7th checkups completed, type II. Findings: Complete screening rates for type I and type II were 45.8% and 20.0%, respectively. Especially, complete screening rate of infants whose mothers nationality is foreign is only 3-4th of that of domestic mothers, and it also differed according to nationality. Practical Implications: The difference in the screening rate according to the mother's nationality is likely to lead to a health gap between multicultural families and domestic families. It is necessary to promote and encourage proper monitoring and health management through continuous health screening for infants and children.

• 가정∙방문간호학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.5-24
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to develop a parenting intervention program and determine the efficacy of the program with low-birth weight infants and their mothers. Nine dyads for the experimental group and twelve dyads for the control group discharged from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a University Hospital in Seoul were recruited for the study. For the intervention group, programmed education and support which focused on the maternal sensitivity of the infant's behavior. rearing environment. motherinfant interaction and infant care were given to each subject. Individual counseling and home visits were provided at discharge, one week after discharge. and one and three months of corrected age in every infant. Structured questionaires were administered and feeding interactions were videotaped and coded by a blinded certified observer. A Quasi-experimental design was conducted for this study. Postpartum depression, maternal self esteem. infant care burden, HOME. mother-infant interaction, and infant development were measured. Results were in favor of the intervention versus the control group. On the Beck depression inventory, intervention mothers showed decreasing trends in depressive symptom vs control mothers although, there were statistically no significant differences between the two groups at each time. The mean score of experimental group was 11.55(mild depression state) at discharge and became 8,6(normal state) at 1 month of corrected age. On the other hand, the mean score of the control group was 13.92(mild depression state) at discharge and became 14.0. Maternal self esteem in both groups improved over time. Infant care burden in both groups was also shown to increase over time. There was a significant difference between the two groups in HOME(p=.0340) at 3 months of corrected age. HOME scores of the experimental group and the control's were 31.10 and 25.58, respectively. Mothers' emotional and language responses were significantly high in the intervention group compared with the control group(p=.0155). Intervention group (53.33) showed a significantly high quality of motherinfant interaction compared with the in control group (42.80)(p =.0340). Intervention group mothers appeared have a better quality of mother-infant interaction behaviors. On the other hand, there was no statistical difference in the infant part between groups. Intervention group infants had higher trends in a general developmental quotient: although, there was no statistical difference between groups. The general developmental quotient of intervention infants was 102.56 and control's was 91.28. However, the developmental quotient of the domain of 'individuality-sociality' was higher in the intervention group infants compared with the control's(p=.0155). The concerns identified by parents revealed two domains of an infants' health management -knowledge and skills in caregiving of lowbirthweight-infants, characteristics of lowbirthweight infants, identifying a developmental milestone, coping with emergency situations and relaxation strategies of mothers from the infant care burden. Interview data with the mothers of low-birth weight infants can be used to develop intervention program contents. Limited intervention time and frequency due to time and cost limitations of this study should be modified. The intervention should be continuously implemented when low-birth weight infants become three years old. An NNNS demonstration appeared to be a very effective intervention for the mothers to improve the quality of mother-infant interactions. Therefore intervening in the mothers of low-birth weight infants as early after delivery as possible is desirable. This study has shown that home visit interventions are worthwhile for mothers only beyond the approach as an essential factor in ability of facilitating a growth fostering environment. In conclusion. the intervention program of this study was very effective in enhancing the parenting for the mothers of low-birth weight infants, resulting in health promotion of low-birth weight infants. The home-visit outreach intervention program of this study will contribute to the health delivery system in this country where there is a lack of continuous follow-up programs for low-birth weight infants after discharge from NICU, if it is activated as part of the home visit programs in community health systems.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.203-217
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was done to explore the pregnant women's decision-making process about their infants feeding method. Data collection involved the in-depth unstructured interviews with 12 participants from January 1998 to January 1999. Data analysis was done by the grounded theory method. The 112 concepts, 29 sub-categories were confirmed in the analysis. The sub-categories were again grouped into 14 categories: expectation, situational condition, inevitability of breast-feeding, social recognition, self-awareness as mother, harmony, consideration, pursuit of ease, effect of external environments, lack of knowledge, hardening, the best choice, control, and bargain. " Adjustment through recognizing of motherhood" was the key category that was related to all categories. "Adjustment through recognizing of motherhood" was a process in which the mother became aware of mothering and sharing, and in which she considered herself or infant's needs and their priorities. This research will help nurse to understand mother's needs better. Therefore, nurse will be able to assist mother making the best decision for herself and her infant.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.272-280
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• 1994

The weaning practice of infants from 5 to 12 months of age in the area of Chunchon, Kangwon-do was studied. Subjects were divided into 2 groups depending on residential area, monthly family income and mother's educational level. Parents of group 1 (n=90) received higher education and more monthly family income than those of group 2(n=32). The family income was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2. Mother's educational level has been markedly improved over 10 years, which affected the feeding methods before weaning in both groups(P<0.05). Group 1 appeared to be bottle-fed. Bottle-and mixed-feeding were mainly due to lack of breast milk. 95.6% of group 1 and 71.9% of group 2 started weaning before the age of 6 months and only 16.4% were completely finished regardless of the groups. Commercially prepared foods were used more than home-made for first given-supplementary food. 82.2% of group 1 received fruits and 84.4% of group 2 cookies/crackers as their main supplementary foods. As the motivation of onset of weaning, 'for baby's health and nutritional status' was the most common. These results demonstrate that there are distinct differences between these 2 groups in 1) the feeding methods prior to weaning, 2) time of onset of weaning, and 3) main supplementary foods, influenced by mother's educational level, economic purchasing power, or subjects birth order.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제38권8호
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• pp.111-124
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• 2000

The study of prematurity stereotyping is important because the optimal development of premature infants may be threatened by the operation of the stereotape. The study was conducted in which mothers were asked to rate unfamiliar infants shown on videotapes. The infants were described as either full term or premature and as either male or female. Each mother was asked to rate the infant on 23,7-point adjective scales(S-KISS) and to answer several other questionnaires(LOT, PSI). In the study, infants labeled premature were rated more negatively than were infants labeled full term, but infants labeled male and female were rated similarly. The behavioral implications for child rearing as a result of this "prematurity stereotyping" were considered. Correlational analyses revealed significant relationships between prematurity stereotyping and parenting stress, optinism and parenting stress. Optimism effects parenting stress.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.19-41
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• 2011

이 연구는 영아 자녀를 둔 어머니의 양육 환경 특성과 양육과정에 경험할 수 있는 스트레스 수준과의 관계를 어머니의 취업여부를 중심으로 확인하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 한국아동패널의 2008년 자료를 활용하여 취업 중인 어머니 625명과 미취업 어머니 1,453명의 자료를 t 검증과 위계적 회귀분석을 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 영아 자녀를 둔 어머니들은 보통 정도의 양육스트레스를 경험하고 있으며, 양육비용, 육아정보 선택, 자녀의 정서적 안정에 대한 책임감에서 비교적 높은 수준의 스트레스를 경험하고 있다. 둘째, 영아의 양육을 직접 감당하고 있는 미취업 어머니들이 취업 어머니들에 비해 양육 상황을 더 부담스럽게 인식하고 있다. 취업 어머니들이 더 건강한 심리상태를 유지하고 있으며, 남편과 양호한 관계를 형성하고 있고, 양육에 대한 지식의 수준과 사회적 지원에 대한 인식도 높아 현재의 양육 환경과 양육 과정을 더 긍정적으로 인지하고 있다. 셋째, 양육환경 변인의 상대적 영향력을 살펴보면 두 집단 모두에서 어머니의 심리적 특성이 양육스트레스에 가장 높은 영향력을 미쳤다. 넷째, 미취업 어머니 집단에서만 아버지의 양육참여 정도가 어머니의 양육스트레스에 영향을 미침이 확인되었다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.79-88
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• 1991

The study was conducted to examine Mother - Infant interaction and Maternal identity in two groups, that is, premature infant and its mother and full-term infant and its mother. For this purpose, the data were collected from 24 sample groups(12 for premature dyads and the remaining 12 for full-term dyads) by using observation method and questionnaires during July, 20 through September 30, 1987. The results are summerized as follows; 1. In terms of Mother - Infant Interaction, full-term dyads considerably stood out campared to that of premature dyads (u＝21, p＜0.01). 2. In terms of Maternal Identity, though full-term dyads showed somewhat high results, there was not a significant difference between two groups. 3. There was not a significant correlation between Mother-Infant Interaction and Maternal Identity.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.23-43
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• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine and analyse factors related to the actual status and practice of breast-feeding during an infant period to grasp elements detrimental to breast-feeding and, therefore, provide basic information useful for its effective practice and encouragement. Method: From April 1 to June 30, 2001, this study was carried out with the mothers of 337 who were 6 months old, as of the surveyed date, of infants born in 2002 and registered in Seongju-gun Public Health Center, Gyeongsangbug-do Province. The method for its survey included both of the visiting and telephone interviews, and questions were mainly about the mothers' general characteristics(3 questions), infants' general characteristics(3 questions), environmental characteristics of infant delivery( 4 questions), support to breast-feeding(4 questions), understanding of breast-feeding(5 questions), and feeding type during the 1 to 6-month period after birth. Result: 1. The feeding type during the I-month period after birth showed that the breast-feeding accounted for 42.4%, which was higher than dry milk-feeding(30%) or mixed milk-feeding(26.8%). However, it began to be lower than the dry milk-feeding from the 2-month period after birth. During the 6-month period, the breast-feeding accounted for 28.6% which was lower than 56.5% of the dry milk-feeding. 2. The mothers who were encouraged by their delivery clinic to and were educated to breast-feed infants accounted for 55.4% and 41.4%, respectively, which were relatively low. The understanding of breast-feeding indicated that the responses were positive from the view point of mother ＆ infant health, but negative from mother's physical form. 3. It was shown that the lower the educational background of mother(p〈0.05) and the higher the unemployment of mother(p〈0.001), the higher the positive understanding of breast-feeding, and that the higher the entire support to breast-feeding, the more positive their understanding. 4. It was also shown that the lower the educational background of mother(p〈0.05), the higher the unemployment of mother(p〈0.001), the more the experience in breast-feeding at a delivery clinic(p〈0.01) and the faster the initial feeding(p〈0.001), the higher the rate of breast-feeding. 5. The factor having an effect on breast-feeding included a delivery clinic's encouragement to breast-feed(p〈0.001), understanding of breast-feeding(p〈0.01), father's comment on feeding method(p〈0.05) and mother's employment(p〈0.05). Discussion: In order to encourage the breast-feeding, as shown above, it is required, fist of all, to offer pregnant women an education about importance and excellence of breast-feeding and its appropriate method before delivery in advance to result in a positive comprehension of the breast-feeding. To do that, both the publicity activities and program development designed to encourage the breast-feeding must be performed in advance at the government level. In addition to that, the mother-infant space as ‘rooming-in’ available for breast-feeding immediately after delivery must be prepared on the basis of legal and administrative support. Finally, female employees' leave after childbirth must be performed for the purpose of productive welfare and circumstances also be prepared for breast-feeding, such as a children's home at work.

• 음성과학
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.121-131
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• 2002

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the characteristics of receptive and expressive language development of cleft palate infants aged under 3. Twenty-six cleft palate infants and 52 normal infants were grouped into 3 chronological age groups with 1 year intervals: less than 1, 1, and 2 years old. The cleft palate infants were divided into 2 groups: cleft palate only, and cleft lip & palate. Each mother of the infants was asked to complete the questionnaire, Sequenced Language Scale for Infants (SELSI). Receptive and Expressive language scores of SELSI were computed. The scores of receptive and expressive language were respectively analyzed into 4 categories of language: phonology/prosody, semantics, syntax, and pragmatics. The results, concerning the differences of language development between the cleft palate and the normal infants, were as follows: (1) expressive language scores were significantly different at age 2 between the cleft palate and the normal infants; (2) cleft plate groups aged less than 1 and 1 showed lower scores of phonology/prosody of expressive language than the normal groups; (3) cleft palate group aged 2 showed lower scores than the normal group in semantics, syntax, and pragmatics. The results, concerning the characteristics of language development between the cleft palate only and the cleft lip & palate infants, were as follows: (1) the scores of expressive and receptive language were not statistically different between the 2 groups; (2) both groups did not show any difference in .the scores of phonology/ prosody, semantics, syntax, and pragmatics of receptive and expressive language.