• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.147-162
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• 2010

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of the types of care and multiple attachments on the issue of infant compliance. The subjects of this study were 52 infants (1-2 years old) and their caregivers (grandparents, baby sitters, daycare teachers) and their mothers. The results of this study are as follows : (1) The type of care and multiple attachments types affected infant compliance in relation to the mother. In the daycare center, the infants showed more signs of compliance than whilst in the care of the grandparents. Moreover, with the secure-secure, secure-insecure types, the infant showed more signs of compliance than with the insecure-secure, insecure-insecure types. (2) The types of care affected infant compliance in relation to the caregiver. In the daycare center, the infant showed more signs of compliance than in the care of both the grandparents or baby sitter. (3) Multiple attachment types were found to affect infant compliance in relation to strangers.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.147-157
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to assess how mothers' oral health cognition influence on dental caries status of their children. The 194 children and their mothers were selected for this study. The children were 5, 6, 7 years old in the three day care centers in Ulsan, Korea. Date were collected by oral examination on children and self-administrated questionnaire on their mothers. The questionnaire was surveyed mothers' cognition of oral health and their socio-demographic characteristics. The findings of this study were summarized as follows: 1. The higher mother's income, the lower infant's dental caries, there was significant relation. 2. There were no significant relationship between dental caries preventive cogniton, infant's preventive treatment, between-meals intake and infant's dental caries. 3. There was significant relationship between morther's toothbrushing frequency and infant's dental caries.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.415-426
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify relations among the parenting stress, maternal sensitivity to infant cues, parenting environment of first-time mothers. Method: The participants were 194 first-time mothers of babies aged 1-6 months who visited well-baby clinics in 5 hospitals. The data were collected from April 15 to June 15, 2003. Results: The parenting stress level was moderate with a mean score of 2.4(range 1-5). The parent domain and parent-child relationship domain of the parenting stress scale were significantly correlated with maternal sensitivity to infant feeding cues (r=-.178, p<.05; r=-.197, p<.01). Parenting stress was significantly correlated with childrearing environment(r=-2.19, p<.01). Parenting stress and childrearing environment were significantly different according to the educational level of the mothers and their prenatal care. Conclusions: Nursing interventions to reduce parenting stress in first-time mothers are needed to improve maternal sensitivity to infant cues and childrearing environment which foster infant development.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.71-80
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• 2010

This study investigates the infant's cognitive and motor development, mother's parenting knowledge, and father's participation of child-rearing according to demographic variables and child-care related variables. A total of 112 infants aged from 11.5 months to 12.5 months old were tested by Korean Bayley Scales of Infant Development II; in addition, their mothers participated in the survey. The major results were as follows: First, among five areas of parenting knowledge, mothers attained the highest score on socio-emotional development and the lowest on cognitive and language development. Second, fathers participation in child-rearing were related to their income and the time to start child-care center. Third, the development of infants were positively associated with the father's participation in child-rearing. The implications for designing child-care policy and parent education program were discussed.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.69-73
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was designed to identify mother and infant related factors that influence child-care stress among the mother of newborn infants. Methods: Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires and descriptive statistics, correlation and multiple regression were used to analyze the data. The data survey was conducted with 957 conveniently selected mothers of infants when they visited a public health center in Seoul to have their children immunized. Results: The average item score for the Childcare Stress Inventory was 38.03, for the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, 9.31 and for the Degree of Bother Inventory, 23.42. The CSI was positively correlated to EPDS (r=.44, p<.001) and DBI (r=.40, p<.001). Also these two variables explained 30.0% of CSI in infants' mothers. Conclusion: These findings are expected to expand the understanding about postpartum mothers' child-care stress and can contribute to the development of comprehensive interventions based on community health nursing.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.137-154
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• 2005

The socio-emotional behaviors of 2-year-olds were examined by multiple attachments to mothers and child care providers in the context of home and child care centers. Participants were 100 children (mean age: 30.2 months), their mothers, and 27 child care providers. Attachment security was assessed with attachment Q-set. Children's social interaction with peers and teachers were rated every 10 seconds during 10 minute observation periods for 4 days, totaling40 minutes per child. Mothers and child care providers completed the Infant Toddler Socio-Emotional Assessment (ITSEA). Results showed that secure attachment relationships with child care providers partly compensated for insecure attachments with mothers at home. In the context of the child care center, secure attachments with child care providers were more important determinants of the development of socio-emotional behaviors than secure attachments with mothers.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.281-290
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• 2000

This study was performed to investigate the effect of kangaroo care on anxiety and confidence and gratification of mothering role in mothers of low birth weight infants. The subjects were 30 mothers of low birth weight infants, sixteen for the kangaroo care group and fourteen for the control group, whose infants hospitalized in two neonatal intensive care unit at two university-affiliated hospital. The kangaroo care was applied 9 times during the twenty six days with 40 minutes for each session. The kangaroo care provides the skin-to-skin contact during which a low birth weight infant wearing a diaper and a hat is placed on its mother's chest. The questionnaire, state anxiety was completed before beginning the first intervention. The questionnaire, state anxiety and confidence and gratification of mothering role were completed at 2 weeks after discharge. The data were analyzed by a SPSS program. The results were as follows : 1. There were no significant differences in the state anxiety between the kangaroo care and the control group before beginning the first intervention. The state anxiety was significantly lower in kangaroo care group than in control group. 2. The confidence of mothering role was significantly higher in kangaroo care group than in control group at 2 weeks after discharge. 3. The gratification of mothering role was significantly higher in kangaroo care group than in control group at 2 weeks after discharge. 4. In mothers of low birth weight infants, the state anxiety was negatively correlated to the confidence of mothering role and the gratification of mothering role at 2 weeks after discharge. And the confidence of mothering role in mothers of low birth weight infants was positively correlated to the gratification of mothering role at 2 weeks after discharge. These results suggest that kangaroo care is an effective nursing intervention for mothers of low birth weight infants in reducing the state anxiety, improving the confidence and gratification of mothering role.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2016

Recently with the wide spread smart devices and the flexible forms of work such as working from home due to changes in work practices, people are getting various information easily. Many women with a baby get to be interested in foods, health, and growth of their baby and the new task of raising a baby comes with a new burden added to taking care of their family and can develop into obsessive compulsive disorder to be a great mother. So many mothers suffer from child-rearing stress. Also, as the balance of work and life in mobile environment emerged as an important issue, the need for integrated information management applications that give infant care assistance to new mothers was increased. This study analyzed preferences on infant care information apps and developed prototype apps for infant care information management that can provide integrated customized infant care information that is actually needed.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.278-285
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effect of a newborn care education program using ubiquitous learning (UL-NCEP) on exclusive breastfeeding and maternal role confidence of first-time mothers in Vietnam. Methods: This quasi-experimental study with a nonequivalent control group design was conducted at a university hospital in Hue city, Vietnam, between June and July 2018. Eligible first-time mothers were conveniently allocated to the experimental (n=27) and the control group (n=25). Mothers in the control group received only routine care, whereas mothers in the experimental group received UL-NCEP through tablet personal computers in addition to routine care in the hospital. Then, the educational content was provided to mothers by their smartphone for reviewing at home. UL-NCEP was developed based on the World Health Organization's "Essential Newborn Care Course" guidelines. The exclusive breastfeeding rate and maternal role confidence level after birth and at 4 weeks postpartum were assessed in both groups to assess the effect of UL-NCEP. Results: At 4 weeks postpartum, the experimental group showed a significantly higher level than the control, for exclusive breastfeeding rate (p<.05) as well as mean maternal role confidence (p<.05). Conclusion: UL-NCEP was a feasible and effective intervention in increasing first-time Vietnamese mothers' exclusive breastfeeding rate and maternal role confidence level. This program may be integrated into routine care for postpartum mothers to promote mother and infant health among first-time mothers in Vietnam.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.61-81
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• 2019

This study aims to examine the relative effects of marital conflict, social support, satisfaction with early childhood care and education centers, and family-friendly policies on the parenting stress of working mothers. The data were drawn from the 4th and 7th waves of the Panel Study of Korean Children (PSKC). Participants comprised 252 working mothers with infant children (4th wave) and children in the early childhood stage (7th wave). Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficients and hierarchical multiple regression with SPSS 22.0. The major findings were that marital conflict, emotional support, and the implementation of family-friendly policies significantly affected the parenting stress of working mothers with infant children. Additionally, marital conflict and satisfaction with early childhood care and education centers had significant effects on the parenting stress of working mothers with children in the early childhood stage. These findings emphasize the importance of considering a child's developmental stage in reducing parenting stress.