• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.81-88
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• 1993

This survey was conduced to investigate the feeding methods of mothers in Suwon, Kyungkido. Incidence of breast feeding was 29.9eA of the Interviewed mothers, which showed lower percentages than those of previous surveys. The jai or factors influencing the method of infant feeding were generally depended on mother rather than infant. The mothers who had a higher income and a higher academic career tended to pre(or the bottle feeding to the other. md first birth order made them select the breast feeding rather than the other. Generally mothers knew the information about infant nutrition very well (91.0%), but their knowledge actually did not work. The sources of mother's Information on the Infant nutrition were the books of rearing infants and magazine. But there were some discrepancies between the actual and needed source of information : i.e. mothers wanted to acquire their information from mass communication.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.231-239
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was done to investigate differences in maternal role confidence and parenting stress according to the infant's feeding method. Method: The participants were 257 mothers of infants aged 5$\sim$7 months. 145 breast-feeding mothers and 112 bottle-feeding mothers participated. The Maternal Role Confidence Scale and Parenting Stress Index(PSI) were used. Results: The score of maternal role confidence of breast-feeding mothers (3.28) was significantly higher than that of bottle-feeding mothers(2.84). In addition, the parenting stress level of breast-feeding mothers(1.80) was lower than that of bottle-feeding mothers(2.97). However, the scores of maternal role confidence and the parenting stress level were not different according to the mother's and infant's personality characteristics. There was a significant negative correlation between the score of maternal role confidence and parenting stress levels(r=-.55, p<.001). Conclusion: Breast feeding mothers had more confidence of their maternal role, and a lower parenting stress level. Therefore, nurses must encourage infant mothers to breast feed since it is the best option for mothers as well as infants.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.433-440
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• 1996

This study was carried out using a questionnaire in order to investigate factors affecting the status and the method of infant feeding in Incheon area. The subjects were 126 monthers of infants ranging from 3 months to 18 months. The results are : the percentages of those feeding colostrum and breast milk has decreased in comparison with the previous results. But the percentage of breast-feeding gets higher in a case where colostrum or breast milk is first fed after delivery. Also frequency and birth order of child plays a part : the more frequently monthers try to feed breast milk in the earliest period of feeding, the more they keep breast-feeding, and the latter-born(the second-born or the third born) children get more chances to be breast-fed than the first-born. Another noticeable factor is what babies feed on during hospitalization. if they get fed more breast milk than infant formula while they are in hospital, they tend to keep feeding on breast milk after they come back home. Breast-feeding group have good knowledge and information abut the importance of breast-feeding. The data shows that they believe the superiority of breast milk.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.161-171
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• 1996

In order to provide the basic data on an education program for successful breast-feeding, the nutrition knowledge of and attitudes toward breast-feeding and the factors associated with infant feeding decision among male and female college students were investigated. The majority of students had correct knowledge of the maternal-infant bonding through breast-feeding and knew more about baby-centered benefits than about mother-centered benefits of breast-feeding. Students' attitudes toward breast-feeding were not so positive as expected, and male students had more positive attitudes toward breast-feeding than female students had. 54.8% of students answered to practice breast-feeding longer than 3 months. Nutrition knowledge scores and attitude scores were significantly higher in the breast-feeding decision group than in the formula-feeding decision group. The students residing in a rural community decided breast-feeding significantly more than the students residing in an urban community. It was concluded that nutrition knowledge about the breast-feeding played a significant role in deciding infant feeding method. In order to increase breast-feeding decision rates among college students, the education program may need to focus on understanding of correct nutrition knowledge about the benefits of breast-feeding. Also it would be important to have male students participated in education program.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.113-122
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• 1994

This study was designed to assess the current status of infant feeding through an retrospective survey on feeding method. The survey was executed for 417 mothers bringing up a child below 24 months in Seoul and Kyunggi-Do province from September to October, 1993. Analysing a few influential environmental factors while assessing the level of knowledge today's mother have on infant feeding. Incidence of breast feeding was 27.8% of the interviewed mothers, which showed lower percentages than those of previous surveys. This research proved the major influencing factor generally depended on its mother rather than babies. Generally mothers knew the information of infant feeding, but their knowledge actually didn't work. The source of mothers' informations on the infant nutrition showed the grandmother, books and magazines, doctor were many by the order. among the reasons of resent formula and mixed feeding, lack of breast milk' was the commonest as 50.5% and the next reason was 'because of job' as 12.6%.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.5
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• pp.5-19
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• 1998

This study presents results of surveys conducted Seoul and Kangreung public health center using structured questionnaire developed by researchers to identify factors that were relevant to the method of feeding. To compare the infant's development between the breast-fed infants and formula-fed infants, infant's height, weight, triceps skinfold during 1month and 4months were cheked. The results were as follows : 1. At postpartum, 59.1% infants had formula feeding, while 22.6% had breast feeding. At 1 month old, 49.6% infants had formula feeding, 27.8% had breast feeding. At 4 months old, 60.9% infants had formula feeding, while 26.1% had breast feeding. 2. 'Lack of breast milk' was the predominant reason for formula feeding. 3. The sujects didn't enough eat not only rice and seaweed soup but also any other specific foods during breast feeding period. 4. Factors that affected the method of feeding were the patterns of delivery, mother's height & weight, first baby feeding type(at post partum), infant sex, mother's age, preparation of breast feeding, first baby feeding type, regular clinic visit (at 4months old). 5. The birth weight and height were correlated with mother's weight and height. 6. There were no significant different on infant's weight, height, triceps skinfold between breast-fed infants and formula-fed infants.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.54-68
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• 1991

This study was conducted to provide the basic information for nursing intervention in infant teach. ing and feeding situation. The subjects were 30 pairs of mother and her infant(9 month) who were normally delivered at 3 university hospital in Seoul area. The data collection was conducted by observation using videotaperecord from September 27, 1989 to Feburary 26, 1990 in their home. The measulsement tools used by this researcher were Nursing child Assessment Teaching scale (NCATS) and Nursing child Assessment Feeding Scale(NCAFS) which was developed by Barnard. The higher sum of "yes" score means the higher mother-infant interaction level. Mother-Infant interaction behaviors in both sitution were based on 6 subcategories; sensitivity to cue, response to distress, social-emotional growth fostering, cognitive growth 'fostering, clarity of + cues, and responsiveness to parent. The data collected through above method were analyzed by mean and t-test and the results were as follows. 1. The sum of maternal behavior score was 40.2 out of 50.0 in teaching situation and 37.9 out of 50.0 in feeding situation. Out of the 4 subcategories on maternal behavior in both situation, the highest subcategory was shown by response to infant's distress and the lowest subcategory by cegnitive growth fostering. 2. The sum of infant behavior score was 14.7 out of 23 in teaching situation and 17.9 out of 26 in feeding situation. Out of the 2 categories on infant behavior in both situation, the highest sub categroy was shown by the clarity of infant's cue in both situation. 3. There was a statistical significance between father's educational level and mother-infant interaction in teaching situation; college group was higher than high school group, particulary in category of sensitivity to infant's cue and congnitive growth fostering. 4. There was a statistical significance in teaching situation between mother's educational level and mother-infant interaction;college group was higher than high school group, particulary sensitivity to infant cue, social-emotional growth fostering and cognitive fostering. 5. There was no statistical difference in between parent educational level and mother.infant interaction in feeding situation.situation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.48-54
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• 1994

The survey on feeding practice in 202 infants in Kwangju area was undertaken from April to May, 1993. The incidence of breast feeding was 35.6% of the interviewed mothers while 35.1% of infants were formula fed. Baby's sex, birth order, birth weight and mother's educational level did not affect the infant's feeding method of the respondents , but family's monthly income affect it significantly(p<0.05). Initiating time f weaning in infants was 4.83 month. Fruits and fruit juice, infant's most favorite food were the first food introduced to infants. Cereal's were offered frequently as infant foods while animal protein source and vegetables were lesser used 52.8% of mothers purchased commercially prepared infant food , while 33.2% of them did not use it at all. Depending on mother's educational level, mother got information on weaning with the aid of different education materials. The respondents were most interested in the way how to prepare weaning food. It might be suggested that development of effective nutrition education technique specific to the different groups of mothers should be focused.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.820-828
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effectiveness of sensory stimulation program administered by primipara on the physical growth and mother-infant feeding interaction for the first 6 months of infancy. Method: Data were collected from December 1, 2001 to June 30, 2003. A total of 35 mothers and their infants were assigned to a control(n=17) and an experimental(n=18) group. Mothers in the experimental group received education related to sensory stimulation program and administered to their infants twice a day for 6 months. Both groups were measured the weight, length, head circumference and chest circumference of infants at 6 weeks, 10 weeks, 14 weeks, 18 weeks, and 22 weeks and the mother-infant feeding interaction at 6 weeks, 10 weeks through the home visiting. Result: Compared to the control group, the experimental group had significantly larger increases in head circumference for intervention period. In addition to, the experimental group showed significantly higher score in mother-infant interaction than control group. Conclusion: These data suggested that sensory stimulation program administered by primipara may improve the physical growth of full term infant and mother-infant feeding interaction.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.566-578
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• 2000

This study was conducted to ascertain infant's sleep and feeding patterns for the purpose of building up the positive parent-child relationship and setting up a preliminary parenting education program. The subjects were 16 infants who were cared for in their houses. The data was collected using NCASA developed by Barnard et al. from October 1st to December 3lth, 1999. The analysis of data was done with SPSSWIN for descriptive statistics and t-test, ANOVA, Correlation Analysis. The result were as follows: 1. The average day sleep of the infant was 9.51 hours, night sleep was 6.27 hours, and total sleep was 15.84 hours. The longest period of day sleep was 3.02 hours, and the longest period of night sleep was 3.72 hours. The regularity of day sleep was 34.78%, night sleep was 61.72% and total was 43.76%. 2. The frequency of daytime feeding was 5.13 times, nighttime was 2.44 times and total was 7.38 times. The regularity of feeding was 52.14%. 3. In the correlation between sleep and feeding patterns, night sleep was negatively correlated with feeding method(r=-.52, P<0.05), the longest period of day sleep was negatively correlated with feeding method(r=-.73, P<0.001), feeding frequency(r=-.60, P<0.05), the regularity of feeding(r=-.70, P<0.001). The longest period of night sleep was negatively correlated with feeding frequency (r=-.53, P<0.05). Feeding method was positively correlated with feeding frequency(r=.71, P<0.001), the regularity of feeding(r=.57, P<0.05). Day sleep was positively correlated with total sleep(r=.93, P<0.001), the regularity of total sleep was positively correlated with the longest period of day sleep(r=.54, P<0.05), total sleep(r=.65, P<0.001). The regularity of feeding was positively correlated with feeding method(r=.57, P<0.05), total feeding frequency(r=.50, P<0.05), the frequency of daytime feeding(r=.61, P<0.05). Feeding method was positively correlated with total feeding frequency(r=.71, P<0.001). In conclusion, the study showed that infants slept more in the nighttime than in the daytime, but after 3 months the pattern changed and showed that nighttime sleep was increased. Also the regularity of night sleep was increased with the infant's age. Total feeding frequency was decreased with the infant's age, and the regularity of feeding was increased in infants who slept shorter periods in the daytime than in the nighttime.