• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.204-214
• /
• 2006

Purpose:　The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Yakson therapy conducted by mother of preterm infants on the maternal attachment and attachment behavior. Method: A quasi experimental pre-post test design was used. The data were collected from January, 2005 to October, 2005. The participants were 30 mothers of preterm infants hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit (15 in the Yakson therapy group and 15 in control group). Yakson therapy consists of three phases: laying a hand, caressing by hand, and laying a hand again taking 5 minutes for each phase. Yakson therapy was provided to infants in the experimental group for 15-minutes 5 times for 15 days. Data were analyzed using the SAS program with x2-test, repeated measures ANOVA, and Fisher's exact test. Result: Compared to the control group, the experimental group had significantly higher scores in maternal attachment (F=5.54, p=.0258). And the attachment behavior of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. Conclusion: The results suggest that Yakson therapy can be used to improve maternal attachment and attachment behavior.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.261-268
• /
• 2013

Purpose: To investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes among infants and toddlers with failure to thrive (FTT). Methods: This retrospective study was done with 123 patients who had visited Pusan National University Children's Hospital during their first two years of life and had received an FTT diagnosis. We compared the clinical characteristics of the patients based on the causes of their FTT and their ages at the time of first hospital visit. We investigated triggering factors, feeding practices, and outcomes in 25 patients with nonorganic FTT (NOFTT). Results: Eighty cases (65.0%) were NOFTT. The gestational ages, birth weights, and weights at the first visits were significantly lower in patients with organic FTT (OFTT) (p<0.05). Infants who had first visited the clinic at age <6 months had the least z-score. The percentage of patients with severe weight decline was higher in OFTT than in NOFTT (60.0% vs. 17.3%). The z-scores at the follow-up visits were improved after treatment in both of the groups. Preceding infection was the most common triggering factor of NOFTT and persecutory feeding as abnormal behavior of caregiver was observed in 22 cases (88.0%). After treatment with feeding method modification, all patients with NOFTT showed normal growth. Conclusion: Weight decline is more severe in OFTT patients and in younger patients at the first visit. Infants with FTT can attain normal weight gain growth by treating organic diseases and supplying proper nutrition in OFTT, and by correcting abnormal dietary behavior of caregiver in NOFTT.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.11-27
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the overall developmental characteristics of Korean children ages 0 to 8, and then explore specifically how children's social and emotional developmental levels are related to mothers' psychological states. This study was part of newly launched Boryung Baby Panel Study using web-based survey in 2011. The subjects were all mothers of 940 infants(0-2 years), 654 toddlers(3-5 years), and 484 school-age children(6-8 years) The mothers were asked to administer the web-based standardized developmental checklist for their child and fill out the questionnaires of psychological variables(life satisfaction, depression, parenting attitude, parenting efficacy, and parenting stress). The data was analyzed using descriptive analysis, t-test, and logistic regression for SPSS 20.0 windows. Major findings were as follows: 1. Infants(0 to 2) showed higher developmental level in cognition and fine motor skill domain compared to other domains. 2. Most toddlers(3 to 5) showed normal development in the most domain such as gross motor skill, fine motor skill, language, letter, number, self-help behavior. 3. In socio-emotional development domain, the ratio of risk or delay group were highest at both infant and toddler. 4. The 6-8 years old children that belong to risk group by the result of SDQ(emotion and behavior assessment) were also relatively high. 5. The relation of the children's socio-emotional developmental level and the mother's psychological variables were reciprocal. Based on these findings, the implications and the limitations of current study were discussed.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.1-39
• /
• 1999

A infancy is the period in that growth and development of man are the most fast and neutrial requirement is the most big on his life. The insufficient neutrition of this period can have bad effect uppon man's whole life health not only physically but also pscychogenically and emotionally. Therefore a proper feeding at a proper time is very important to form the good food behavior and emotional development. The rate of using the commercial weaning food in Korea has gradually increased since 1970 and expected to be more increasing in future. In this paper, I investigate the general weaning status, stneutrial component and material content of infant weaning foods marketing in Korea at present. The material for this study have been collected in the exposition of products and data from manufacturing companies and etc. The conclusion is following. 1. The proper weaning period is from $4{\sim}6$ momth to 12 momth, but recently it is inclined to prolong. 2. In weaning methods, using a spoon is superior to using a bottle in food behavior and neutrial status. 3. The commercial weaning foods have two type, the powder type and formula type, but except gober's, all products marketing in Korea are the powder type and a sort of product is very simple. Therefore it is necessary to develp the more various kind of weaning foods, especially the formula type. 4. In the neutrial component, Son-Sik (flour of grain) cannot be up to international standards and the greater parts of weaning foods have too much suger over the standards.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.251-261
• /
• 2004

Purpose: To investigate the degree and sources of stress which fathers of infants in NICU experience. Method: Eighty-five fathers of NICU infants at 5 university hospitals in Seoul volunteered to complete the Parental Stressor Scale for NICU (PSS: NICU) from September 1, to October 15, 2002. Result: Total perceived stress was 3.50±0.76. The highest score were in Parental Role Alteration (3.76±0.83) and Appearance and Behavior (3.65±1.04). The total perceived stress score (PSS), correlated significantly with method (t=3.50, p=.01), and route (F=5.30, p=.00) of feeding. Light & Sound correlated significantly with birth weight (F=3.39, p=.02), medical diagnosis(F=2.30, p=.03), plan of operation(t=2.50, p=.01), operation (t=3.80, p=.02), method (F=4.90, p=.003), and route (F=4.70, p=.00) of feeding. Infant Appearance and Behavior correlated significantly with birth weight (F=5.12, p=.01), plan of operation (t=2.50, p=.01), method (F=3.50, p=.01), and route (F=7.80, p=.00) of feeding. Parental Role Alteration correlated significantly with care of incubator (t=-.68, p=.03), method of feeding (F=2.80, p=.04) and education level of father (F=3.00, p=.05). Conclusion: Father with NICU infants were concerned mostly with parental role alteration and infant appearance. Nursing intervention should include fathers of NICU infants.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.97-105
• /
• 2020

This study was to identify the main predictors of smartphone overdependece of infants perceived by mothers and to provide basic data useful for education and practice. For this, data-mining decision tree analysis was performed using SPSS program, and the fianl 410 researches were used for analysis. The results. In the case of the whole infants, the most important predictor of smartphone dependence was father's leisure activity parenting participation. For boys, their father's leisure activity was the most dependent on their smartphone dependence. However, even if father's participation in leisure activities was high, smartphone overdependence increased again when mother's overprotection and permissive attitude were high. Finally, For girls, the most influential variable on smartphone dependence was warmth and encouragement among mothers' parenting attitudes.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.457-465
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study is to identify factors that affect the language development of infants. For the analysis, data of three years from the first year (2008) to the third year (2010) of the 'Panel Study on Korean Children (PSKC)' were constructed and panel analysis was conducted. The subjects were 2,150 infants who participated in the questionnaire, and the language development of the infants was measured using the communication scores of the K-ASQ test provided by the Korean children's panel. In addition, the factors influencing the language development of infants derived from previous studies were introduced into the model. As a result of the analysis, it is shown that the fixed effect model with fixed individual error of the panel is suitable through the Hausman test. The higher the cognitive development level of the infant, the more positive parenting behavior of the infant, respectively. The conclusions and suggestions about the characteristics of the parents and the parents affecting language development were introduced.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.183-197
• /
• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a group program using theraplay on 2-year-olds' prosocial behavior. The changes of prosocial behavior in the process of program were also examined. Methods: Subjects were 12 infants who attended a child care center in W city. Subjects were attached to the experimental or control group. The experimental group participated in 11 group theraplay sessions twice a week. The adaptive social behavior inventory (Hogan et al., 1992) was used for pre and post tests. Wilcoxon rank-sum test was performed to verify the effectiveness of a group theraplay program. Every sessions was video-taped and recorded verbatim. The verbatim were analyzed using the Padgett (2001)'s qualitative data analysis method. Results: Infants who assigned to the experimental group demonstrated significant improvement in prosocial behavior. Their expressive behavior and compliant behavior gradually increased over the sessions. Conclusion/Implications: The present study showed that the use of group program utilizing theraplay was an effective strategy for improving prosocial behavior of 2-year-old infants.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.89-105
• /
• 2002

This study investigated characteristics and types of ideal maternal behaviors in three different cultures : Korea, the United States, and France. The 18 experts from each of the 3 cultures who participated in this study had knowledge and experience related to infant development and parenting. Based on the principles of Q-methodology, the experts sorted 40 Q-items representing maternal behavior related to infancy. After rating each item on a scale from "least desirable" to "most desirable" maternal behaviors, the experts described their reasons for the classification. Results identified some clear similarities and differences among cultures. pooled responses yielded 3 types of ideal maternal behaviors: perfective, child centered, and realistic perspective.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.191-204
• /
• 2009

The purpose of the current study was to validate the ECBQ (Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire) scale. Data were collected from the 39 teachers of 338 18- to 36-month-old toddlers (181 boys and 157 girls) in Korea. The ECBQ scale was composed of 201 items (7-point Likert scale) with three dimensions. Reliability of this study was confirmed by Cronbach ${\alpha}$'s for ECBQ subscales ranging from .76 to .81. The results of the Exploratory Factor Analysis identified three dimensions of ECBQ : activity-non activity, extraversion-attention, negative affectivity-transformation. Results of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis supported the hierarchic model. There was a significant relationship between temperament and adjustment of infants. It was concluded that the ECBQ scale in general is acceptable for use in Korea.