• International Area Studies Review
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.167-181
• /
• 2016

In Korea, the transportation & telecommunication service industry is composed of public sector entities, such as public transportation and the postal service, and private sector entities. The public sector may be regulated in terms of pricing or is guaranteed a normal profit. Markup can be a subject for regulation. This paper is to set up the markup equation, estimate the industrial markup, and analyze the markup determinants by estimating the factor price elasticities of markup in the Transportation & Telecommunication industry. The factor price elasticities of markup were estimated to be -0.07 in wage rate, -0.45 in import price index, and -0.13 in interest rates. We suggest that import price and interest rate are major factors to be considered first of all in regulating the transportation & telecommunication industry.

• International Area Studies Review
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.47-62
• /
• 2016

This paper is to set up the empirical model in order to estimate industrial markup and to analyze the determinants for industrial markup by estimating the factor price elasticities of markup in the Korean manufacturing industries using the autoregressive distributed model. The import price elasticities of markup were estimated to be -1.025, -0.176, and -0.260 respectively in Machinery products, Chemical products, and Metallics which proved to have higher ratios of imported intermediate goods to industrial output. The interest elasticities of markup were also estimated to be -0.165, -0.147, and -0.210 respectively in Chemical products, Metallics, and Machinery products which are capital-intensive industries. Thus, the paper suggests that both import price index and interest rate have had more decisive effects on the changes in industrial markup in the Korean manufacturing industries, in particular, since the foreign currency crisis beginning in late 1997.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.87-96
• /
• 2014

Since markup is defined as price over marginal cost by Hall(1988), the New Keynesians have intensively applied its definition in elucidating the relationship between market structure and business cycle. In lots of literatures markups proved to be counter cyclical empirically and theoretically. At the same time many studies analysed the determinants for markup in relation with business cycles. This paper establishes the markup equation based on the constant returns to scale production function including intermediate goods with technology being assumed to be AR(1) process and estimates the industrial markups in the Korean 5 service industries over the period 1975:1-2010:4. The paper also analyzed the markup determinants using the autoregressive distributed lag scheme ADL(1,1) in which the dependent variable and the single explanatory variable are each lagged once.

• International Area Studies Review
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.19-35
• /
• 2018

This paper is to estimate the total factor productivity(TFP) in the Korean manufacturing and service industries during the period 1975:1-2016:4 using the stochastic frontier analysis model. In order to analyze the determinants for the total factor productivity the paper estimates the industry-specific determinant elasticities of TFP using the autoregressive distributed model. The industry-specific determinants, which reflect the industrial structure and properties include markup, the ratio of capital to labor(KL), and the ratio of foreign intermediate goods (FIG) to industrial output. The average value for total factor productivity growth was estimated to be 0.0199 in manufacturing and 0.0063 in the service industry. The markup and KL elasticities of TFP were estimated to be 2.481 and 0.651 in manufacturing respectively and -1.403 and 0.042 in the service industry respectively. The empirical results suggest that the industrial markup and the ratio of capital to labor have had decisive effects on the changes in the total factor productivity in the Korean manufacturing and service industries during the period 1975:1-2016:4.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.31-40
• /
• 2016

This paper is to set up the autoregressive distributed lag model in order to estimate factor elasticities of the service export in the medical and healthcare service industry and to analyze the determinants for its export performance during 1975-2015. The empirical results suggest that industrial markup, exchange rate, and interest rate have had more decisive effects on the industrial export performance in the medical and healthcare service industry, in particular, during the declining period in factor prices since the foreign currency crisis beginning in late 1997.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.6-15
• /
• 2002

Advancement of Web technology has increased the number of web site and user population. Businesses develop Web applications as its core applications to support business transaction though Internet Although a systematic development methodology should be used to develop Web applications, most businesses do not follow a systematic approach. This study shows a systematic development approach for Web-based electronic commerce information systems. Specifically, it shows how to design a conceptual model following a hypermedia application development model RMM(Relationship Management Methodology) and develop a logical database represented in an XML(extensible Markup

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.117-125
• /
• 2014

The EtherCAT protocol has become a very promising alternative for real-time industrial application due to its ability to eliminate uncertainties in the Ethernet. However, the extended markup language (XML) for the EtherCAT network system, which is required in the design, lacks systematic development to take advantage of model transformation techniques. This paper focuses on the system development procedure of the EtherCAT-based encoder system using the CANopen over EtherCAT (CoE) protocol. UML modeling is being adapted to design for XML of EtherCAT-based encoder system. To this purpose, this paper analyzes the object dictionary (OD) of a commercial encoder and CANopen over EtherCAT. A UML diagram is then designed based on the analysis, and XML is generated through the designed UML diagram. Finally, an experimental test_bed for the EtherCAT-based encoder system is implemented and its performance is compared with a commercial encoder.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
• /
• 2000.10a
• /
• pp.134-139
• /
• 2000

컴퓨터의 보급 확대, 초고속 통신망 구축 그리고 사용하기 쉬운 브라우저의 개발에 힘입은 웹의 급속한 발전에 의해 인터넷 이용자들이 기하급수적으로 증가하게 되었다. 이러한 웹의 발전에 무엇보다도 크게 영향을 끼친 것 중의 하나가 바로 HTML(Hyper-Text Markup Language)일 것이다. HTML은 SGML(Standard Generalized Markup Language)을 기반으로 한 DTD(Document Type Definition)에 의해 정의되어 있는 한정된 태그(Tag)만을 사용하도록 되어 있어 단순한 홈페이지 작업을 하기에는 매우 용이하나 대용량의 복잡하고 다양한 작업을 하기는 쉽지 않았다. HTML의 단점을 극복하기 위해 개발된 XML은 문서에 대한 의미 공유와 서로 다른 애플리케이션 및 호환이 되지 않는 데이터베이스간의 정보 전달 기능들을 효율적으로 수행할 수 있다. 하지만, 현재 대부분의 XML문서 검색 엔진들은 문서의 구조 정보에 기반한 검색에 중점을 둔 반면, 태그의 의미를 이용한 검색은 지원하지 못한다. 본 논문에서는 XML문서의 보다 효율적인 검색을 지원하기 위해 데이터 레지스트리를 이용하여 태그의 의미를 명시하고 이에 기반한 XML문서 검색 시스템을 연구하였다.

• International Area Studies Review
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.77-100
• /
• 2011

The Korean economy have experienced the remarkable decreases in factor prices such as bond yields, real wage since the IMF foreign exchange crisis. This paper investigates the effects of the price changes in the factor markets on determining the level and cyclicality of industrial markups in the manufacturing industry. For this purpose, we construct a markup equation in the small open economy based on the production function including foreign intermediate goods and assuming constant returns to scale technology and AR(1) process of technological coefficient. Empirical results are summarized as the followings. The empirical results shows that the increased markups after the IMF crisis can be explained by the price decreases in the factor markets which result in lowering marginal costs. And we also observed counter cyclicality of markup, labor share and interest rates while real wages, technical coefficients, and production price index proved to be pro-cyclical. In conclusion, the price changes in factor market have contributed to the stickiness in markup fluctuation in the manufacturing industry.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.324-330
• /
• 2004

To integration the field device as a control system correctly in fielders systems. We have to offer the DD(Device Description) with the function and internal parameter into the configuration software. The DD which is written in the DDL(Device Description Lansuage) is made as IEC 61804-PART 2 and it is used in Profibus, Foundation Field bus, HART. However, the DD is dependent to the fieldbus and it doesn't have a suitable form in the industrial Ethernet. Therefore, in this paper, we described the internal function and parameter of the Field device as XDD(XML for Device Description) by using XML (extensible Markup Language) which isn't dependent to fieldbus and has a suitable form for industrial ethernet. Futhermore, we present the possibility of XDD's application in the distributed control system by examining the possibility of ethernet's development in the industrial area.