• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 1988

This study was carried out to evaluate the concentrations of heavy metal in hair of the inhabitants of Jeon-Ju industrial area. The major findings of this study are as follows 1. The average content of lead in hair of the inhabitants of Jeon-Ju industrial area was 15.06$\pm$ 4.06 ppm and the content of lead of driver's hair showed higher than that of house wives and students, and showed significance statistically ( P < 0.05). 2. The average content of cadmium by occupation in hair of inhabitants of Jeon-Ju industrial area was 0.76$\pm$ 0.21 ~ 0.52$\pm$ 0.16 ppm and the cadmium concentration in hair of driver's showed the highest level among occupations and showed significance statistically (P < 0.05). 3. Lead and cadmium contents in the hair of the inhabitants of Jeon-Ju industrial area showed higher than that of control area residents and showed significance statistically ( P < 0.05 ). 4. The contents between lead and codmium in hair of Jeon-Ju industrial area residents revealed high degree of correlation ( r = 0.7938).

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.790-796
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• 2011

In this study, we measured the concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Shiwha area by using active and passive sampler. We did a comparative analysis of the characteristics of the active sampler and passive sampler. In the case of the passive sampler, the average TVOC concentration of the industrial area was 1.86 times higher than that of the residential area. In the case of the active sampler, the average TVOC concentration of the industrial area was 1.07 times higher than that of the residential area. When using the passive sampler, the concentration of VOCs in the industrial area was noted to be higher than the concentration found in the residential area. However, when we used the thermal desorption tube, the concentration of residential area was higher rather than that of industrial area in some substances such as trichloroethylene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. Toluene was a larger percentage of the overall BTEX ratio. In case of the passive sampler, the relative ratio of toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene was higher in the industrial area than in the residential area. In contrast in case of the thermal desorption tube, the ratio of these substances was higher in the residential area rather than in the industrial area. The passive sampling in this study showed an appropriate method to analyze the temporal and spatial concentrations of air contaminants. This assessment would prove to be useful for its observance of standards or epidemical study.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1999

The author studied the soil microarthropoda's fauna, vertical distribution, seasonal fluctuation, and the relationship between the number of soil microarthropoda and environmental factor(pH) in survey area. 3949 soil microarthropoda were collected in survey area. They included Arachnida(48.6%), Collembola(23.5%), Hymenoptera(l9.9%), and Isoptera, etc. Fresh length was the longest(1l3.6 mm) in broad-leaf forest on Mt. Chilgap which is non-industrial complex area, and the shortest(46.8 mm) in pine forest at Yochon industrial complex. The population density of soil microarthropoda was the highest in summer and the lowest in winter. The number of soil microarthropoda was higher in Mt. Keryong and Chilgap, non-industrial complex area, than Yochon and Daesan, industrial complex area. The number of soil microarthropoda increased from spring to summer and decreased from autumn to winter. Vertically, soil microarthropoda were more abundant in the second layer subsoil(0∼5 cm) in spring, in the first layer(5∼10 cm) in summer and autumn, and in the third layer(0∼15 cm) in winter. Diversity index was higher in non-industrial area(1.02) than industrial complex area(0.73). Biodiversity index was the highest in the second soil layer, in pine forest on Mt. Keryong(l.60) and the lowest in the third soil layer, in broad leaf-forest, at Daesan industrial complex(0.24).

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.688-701
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• 2014

This article is focused on the agglomeration and decline factors of the footwear industries in Busan metropolitan area from the industrial cluster point of perspective. For the research, 'the components and network of industrial cluster model' are presented which is restructured of M. Porter's cluster model. Moreover, this research have examined the agglomeration and decline process of the footwear industries in Busan area and conducted a survey targeting footwear enterprises in Busan area. In the late 1980's, the footwear industries in Busan area formed the largest footwear industrial cluster in the world. However, the industrial cluster started to decline from early 1990's and now it is reduced in to 1/10 size of the past. The growth factors of Busan footwear industrial cluster include cheap and plentiful labours, penetration of OEM production, entrepreneur spirit, human resources network, government's support and so on. Moreover, the agglomeration of relative companies also created high competitiveness in this cluster. The decay factors are pointed out sudden rise of labour cost, shortage of factory site, rise of land price, alteration of government policy, international relocation of footwear production and growth of overseas industrial cluster. Busan footwear industrial cluster nowadays has declined in its size, but it is the only footwear industrial cluster in Korea.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.111-128
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• 1992

According to the increase of population and industrialization, the quality of our drinking water are becoming worse by the contamination of resources, production of THM and other halogenated hydrocarbons during the purifying process, the problem of corroded water supplying pipeline, and the water reservoir tanks, Many people choose groundwater to drink instead of city tap water, but sometimes we get report about groundwater contamination by wastes, swage, septic tank, etc. It is reported that in U. S. over 20% of population are drinking groundwater, but U. S EPA reported the groundwater contamination by pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, fertilizer, and various chemical substances. Craun, et at announced the groundwater contamination by bacteria which are related with poor installation of septic tank. Johnson and Kross mentioned aboutmethemoglobinemia by NO3-N originated from human and animal feces, organic chemicals, and fertilizer, and as the results the infant mortality could be risen. Some scientist also reported the high concentration of metals in groundwaters and some cation and anions, and volatile organic compou nds. Authors investigated 80 groundwaters in urban, agricultural, and industrial area during last 3 month(June - August) to check any drinking water quality parameters are exceeding the standards. The results were as follow. 1, The average value of ammonia nitrate were within the standard, but 11.76% of urban area were exceeded the 10 rpm standard, in agricultural area 42.3175 were exceeded, and in industrial area 20.2% were exceeded the drinking water standard of 10 ppm. the highest concentration was 29.37 ppd in industrial area. 2. The mean value of metals is not exceeded the standard, but there were some groundwater whose Mn value was 0.424 ppm(standard is 0,3 ppm) in urban area, 0.737 rpm in agricultural area, and 5.188 ppm in industrial area. The highest Zn value was 1.221 ppm (standard is 1.0 ppm)was found in industrial area. 3. The percentage of contamination by general bacteria was 8.82% in urban area, 15.38% in agricultural area, and 15.00% in industrial area. Escherichia coil group was also contaminated by 35.29% in urban area, 30.76% in agricultural area, and 30.00% in industrial area. 4, The pH value was within the standard which means there was no influence by acid or alkali chemicals, nor acid rain Through the above results, all the groundwater should be tested to check the safety for drinking water and should make some alternative methods suitable for drink.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.127-139
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• 2021

This study investigates business demands for firms operating in the Busan Sasang Industrial Area for the proposed knowledge-industry innovation base. Diverse improvement arrangements are proposed for revitalization of the industrial area. For these purposes, a questionnaire survey was conducted for the examination of physical conditions and enterprise demands among firms. The major findings are as follows. Firstly, judging from the examination of physical conditions, the study area has presented a lower rate of roads and smaller individual lots of land, which would contribute to a worsening business environment for small business owners. Secondly, business request for industrial-area innovation, pilot project needs, and expected impacts demonstrated higher scores. Thirdly, an absolute majority of firms strongly supported the proposed knowledge-industry innovation base and requested an R&D center as the first anchor facility. Based on these findings, guidelines are proposed for an institutional rearrangement plan. First of all, specific field surveys dealing with networking issues and industrial dominance should be immediately carried out. In addition, the proposed knowledge-industry innovation base should be equipped with significant power of influence for the adjacent industrial areas. Lastly, major stakeholders should upgrade the cooperative mechanism for innovative change in the regional industrial complex.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

This study assesses the dispersion and emission rates of odor form industrial area source. CALPUFF and AERMOD Gaussian models were used for predicting downwind odor concentration and calculating odor emission rates. The studied region was Seobu industrial complex in Korea. Odor samples were collected five days over a year period in 2006. In-site meteorological data (wind direction and wind speed) were used to predict concentration. The BOOT statistical examination software was used to analyze the data. Comparison between the predicted and field sampled downwind concentration using BOOT analysis indicates that the CALPUFF model prediction is a little better than AERMOD prediction for average downwind odor concentrations. Predicted concentrations of AERMOD model have a little larger scatter than that of CALPUFF model. The results also show odor emission rates of Seobu industrial complex area were an order of 10 smaller than that of beef cattle feed lots.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.295-298
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the changes in concentration of heavy metals in throughfall, stemflow and rainfall at the survey area. The Al concentration of Pinus thunbergii forest was 1.3 times higher than those of Quercus acutissima forest at industrial area, and 2.1 times higher at urban area. The Al concentration of stemflow was 2.3 times and 113 times, 4.8 times and 55 times, respectively, higher than those of throughfall, and rainfall at both industrial and urban area. The Al concentration of rainfall was lower at industrial and urban area. The Mn concentration of Pinus thunbergii forest was 2.4 times higher than those of Quercus acutissima forest at urban area. Heavy metal concentrations in rain water were the higher in stemflow, and in the order of throughfall and rainfall. Seasonal changes of heavy metal concentration were the highest on December at industrial area, and were higher in the order of March>June>August. Seasonal changes were not remarkable at urban area. Heavy metal concentrations were higher in the order of Al>Mn>Ni at industrial area, and Mn>Al>Ni at urban area.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2009

This study was conducted in industrial area. The level of nitrogen dioxide was measured indoor, outdoor, work and personal in an study area within 5 km from source of pollution and control area 15 km farther from August, 2006 to September. The followings are the summary of this research. The concentration of the indoor and the outdoor $NO_2$ levels in the industrial area are 18.41$\pm$6.35 ppb, 18.51$\pm$3.26 ppb each, and the indoor/outdoor concentration rate is 0.99. The concentration of $NO_2$ in the workplace is 18.59$\pm$10.16 ppb, and the individual exposure rate is 18.80$\pm$5.71 ppb. The concentration of the indoor and the outdoor $NO_2$ levels control area are 12.57$\pm$3.82 ppb, 9.68$\pm$2.16 ppb each, and the indoor/outdoor concentration rate is 1.33. The personal exposure rate is 14.49$\pm$10.06 ppb. The residents of the each area and those of the comparative area spend 80.9% and 76.9% each their time in the indoor. It shows they spend most of their time in indoor. The predictions of the individual exposure rates in the industrial area and the comparative area are 15.10$\pm$6.14 ppb and 10.52$\pm$3.82 ppb each, The concentration levels measured by passive sampler are 18.80$\pm$5.71 ppb and 14.49$\pm$10.34 ppb each. The result of the research is the analysis of the personal exposure rate in indoor, outdoor and workplace of industrial area. This research may bo used as a basic data to manage and to establish the plan for $NO_2$ gas of the industrial area.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.801-810
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• 2002

The current paper describes the indoor/outdoor air quality in school environments through analyses of the heavy metal concentrations using Inductive Coupled Plasma(ICP). School environments in a heavy traffic area, two industrial areas, quasi-industrial area, and residential area were evaluated. The results were as follows: (1) The locations with the highest indoor and outdoor concentrations of heavy metals were the industrial areas followed by the heavy traffic area, residential area, and quasi-industrial area in a descending order of magnitude. Plus, the indoor heavy metal concentrations were higher then the outdoor ones. (2) The main heavy metal components were Zn, Al and Ca. Higher concentration levels were found indoors than outdoors. The heavy metal concentrations were also higher in the classrooms than in the corridor or outdoors. (3) The total heavy metal concentrations in the studied areas were highly dependent on the weather elements. including the relative humidity, mixing ratio, and wet-bulb depression. Accordingly, special ventilation systems are recommended to reduce air pollution in school environments.