• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.1120-1126
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• 2011

Rosa multiflora thunberg belonging to Rosaceae is widely distributed in East Asia including Korea and Japan, and has been reported to have tormentic acid and rosamultin. To develop a new natural anti-inflammatory agent for cosmetics, we investigated the inhibitory effects of inflammation in Rosa multiflora root (R. multiflora root). The biological activity and anti-inflammatory effects were investigated by water, ethanol, methanol and acetone extracts of R. multiflora root. The measurements of polyphenol content from R. multiflora root were highest in water and acetone extracts, at 57.48 ${\pm}$ 0.88 mg/g and 67.05 ${\pm}$ 0.56 mg/g, respectively. The result of DPPH, ABTS and superoxide anion radical scavenging effects showed over 50% efficacy at 50 ${\mu}g/ml$ in ethanol, methanol and acetone extracts. Hyaluronidase inhibition effect showed over 60% efficacy at 500 ${\mu}g/ml$ in ethanol, methanol, and acetone extracts. Nitric oxide radical inhibition effect of R. multiflora root ethanol extracts showed over 30% efficacy at 500 ${\mu}g/ml$. We investigated the effect of R. multiflora root extracts on nitric oxide (NO) production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The result showed that R. multiflora root extracts have an inhibitory effect on NO production and iNOS expression and also can be used as an anti-inflammatory agent. These antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of R. multiflora root show applicant potential application as a functional cosmetic material.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.69-80
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• 2000

ADP-rubosylation may be involved in the process of macrophage activation. Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as an important intracellular and interacellular regulatory molecule with function as diverse as vasodilation, neural communication or host defense. NO is derived from the oxidation of the terminal guanidino nitrogen atom of L-arginine by the NADPH -dependent enzyme, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) which is one of the three different isomers in mammalian tissues. Since NO can exert protective or regulatory functions in the cell at a low concentration while toxic effects at higher concentrations, its role may be tightly regulated in the cell. Therefore, this paper was focused on signal transduction pathway of NO synthesis, role of endogenous TGF-$\beta$ in NO production. effect of NO on superoxide formation. Costimulation of murine peritoneal macrophages with interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) increased both NO secretion and mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) when PMA abolished costimulation. Pretreatmnet of the cells with PMA abolished costimuation effects due to the depletion of protein kinase C (PKC) activities . The involvement of PKC in NO secretion could be further confirmed by PKC inhibitor, stauroprine, and phorbol ester derivative, phorbol 12,13-didecanoate. Addition of actinomycine D in IFN-γ plus PMA stimulated cells inhibited both NO secretion and mRNA expression of iNOS indication that PMA stabilizes mRNA of iNOS . Exogenous TGF-$\beta$ reduced NO secretion in IFN -γ stimulated murine macrophages. However addition of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) to TGF-$\beta$ to this system recovered the ability of NO production and inhibited mRNA expression of TGF-$\beta$. ACAS interactive laser cytometry analysis showed that transportation of FITC -labeled antisense ODN complementary to TGF-$\beta$ mRNA could be observed within 5 min and reached maximal intensity in 30 min in the murine macrophage cells. NO released by activated macrophages inhibits superoxide formation in the same cells . This inhibition nay be related on NO-induced auto -adenosine diphosphate (ADP) -ribosylation . In addition, ADP-ribosylation may be involved in the process of macrophage activation .

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.346-352
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• 2010

Introduction: Heat shock protein70 (HSP70) is a highly conserved family of proteins produced after a variety of stresses. Many studies reported that the overexpression of HSP70 can improve the prognosis of the patients with sepsis through a reduction of the nitric oxide concentration. However, these results only revealed the effect of HSP70 and nitric oxide. No studies have examined the relationship between HSP70 and nitric oxide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the overexpression of HSP70 on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and the nitric oxide concentration. In addition, the mechanism of the relationship of HSP70 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in sepsis was examined. Materials and Methods: The experiments were performed on male sprague-dawley rats. Sepsis was induced by a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Glutamine (GLN) or saline was administered 1 hour after the initiation of sepsis. Serum and lung tissues were acquired from the rats 12 hours or 24 hours after the initiation of sepsis. The nitric oxide concentration, the expression of HSP70 in lung, and the gene expression of iNOS in lung were analyzed. The three groups, sham operation, CLP and CLP+GLN, were compared. Results: Compared to the other groups, in CLP+GLN, GLN administered after the initiation of sepsis enhanced the expression of HSP70 in the lung at 12 hours ($47.19{\pm}10.04$ vs. $33.22{\pm}8.28$, P=0.025) and 24 hours ($47.06{\pm}10.60$ vs. $31.90{\pm}4.83$, P=0.004). In CLP+GLN, GLN attenuated the expression of iNOS messenger RNA (mRNA) in the lung at 12 hours ($5,513.73{\pm}1,051.60$ vs. $4,167.17{\pm}951.59$, P=0.025) and 24 hours ($18,740.27{\pm}8,241.20$ vs. $9,437.65{\pm}2,521.07$, P=0.016), and reduced the concentration of nitric oxide in the serum at 12 hours ($0.86{\pm}0.48$ vs. $3.82{\pm}2.53$, P=0.016) and 24 hours ($0.39{\pm}0.25$ vs. $1.85{\pm}1.70$, P=0.025). Conclusion: The overexpression of HSP70 induced by the administration of GLN in sepsis attenuates the expression of the iNOS gene but reduces the nitric oxide concentration.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.54-58
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• 2000

To elucidate the molecular mechanisms for the suppression of LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production by a dehydrocostus lactone (DL) from Saussurea lappa, we examined the preventive effect of this compound on $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages and U937 human monocytic cells. The results suggest that the suppression of NO production is mediated by the inhibitory action on the i-NOS gene expression through the inactivation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ and this sesquiterpene lactone can act as a pharmacological inhibitor of the $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2020

Sanyeoleumja (SY) is the traditional Korean medicinal prescription for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of eyes. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of SY water extract were investigated. To measure the anti-inflammatory effects of SY, we examined the productions of inflammatory factor including nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE₂), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. SY inhibited NO and PGE₂ production in a dose dependent manner and decreased the protein and mRNA expression of iNOS and COX-2. Also, SY decreased the mRNA expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). In conclusion, SY downregulated LPS-induced inflammatory factor productions, which could be a clinical basis for inflammatory diseases.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.153-153
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• 2001

Nitric oxide (NO) has multifaceted roles in carcinogenesis. Besides acting as an initiator, NO may also playa role in the promotional stage of tumorigenesis or neoplastic transformation. In line with this notion, our previous studies have revealed that the tumor promotor phorbol ester induces expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and NO production in mouse skin.(omitted)

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.268.2-269
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• 2003

Prostaglandins (PGs) and NO (nitric oxide) are important elements to keep homeostasis and host defense system in human beings. When PGs and NO are overproduced by cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), respectively, they can cause chronic inflammation, tissue damage, and carcinogenesis. On this line, we are interested in finding agents that can inhibit the production of PGs and NO from natural products for devloping anti-inflammatory and cancer chemopreventive agents. (omitted)

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.143-147
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• 2006

In the mouse leukemic monocyte cell line RAW 264.7, the vacuolar-type $(H^+)$-ATPase (V-ATPase) inhibitor bafilomycin $A_1$ at 10 and 100 nM decreased cell growth and survival as determined by 3-(4,5-dimethyl(thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in a concentration-dependent manner. At such concentrations, bafilomycin $A_1$ induced nitric oxide (NO) production through the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The bafilomycin $A_1$-induced NO production was inhibited by the NOS inhibitor $N^G$-monomethyl-L-arginine acetate (L-NMMA). Our findings suggest that the V-ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin $A_1$ induces NO production through the expression of iNOS protein.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.540-545
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• 2011

Quercus salicina has been widely used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases. In macrophages, nitric oxide (NO) is released as an inflammatory mediator and has been proposed to be an important modulator of many pathophysiological conditions in inflammation. In the present study, the inhibitory effect of methanolic extracts of Q. salicina (QSM) on NO production in LPS-stimulated mouse (C57BL/6) peritoneal macrophages was investigated. QSM suppressed NO production without notable cytotoxiciy. QSM also exhibited down-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression via attenuation of NF-${\kappa}B$ translocation to nucleus in rIFN-${\gamma}$ and LPS stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages. The present study strongly suggest that Q. salicina may be beneficial in diseases which related to macrophage-mediated inflammatory disorders.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.398-404
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• 2018

To evaluate the antioxidant and anti-neuroinflammatory effects of defatted Perilla frutescens extract (DPE) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells. Cell viabilities were estimated by MTT assay. LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglia were used to study the expression and production of inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$). Pretreatment with DPE prior to LPS treatment significantly inhibited excessive production of NO (10, 25, 50, 75, and $100{\mu}g/mL$) in a dose-dependent manner, and was associated with down regulation of expression of iNOS and COX-2. DPE also suppressed the LPS-induced increase in $PGE_2$ level (10, 25, 50, 75, and $100{\mu}g/mL$) in BV-2 cells. Therefore, DPE can be considered as a useful therapeutic and preventive approach for the treatment of several neurodegenerative diseases.