• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.59 no.5
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• pp.215-221
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• 2015

Glucocorticoids are known to have anti-inflammatory effect. To investigate whether corticosterone pretreatment enhances or not lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of inflammatory mediators, RAW 264.7 cells were pretreated with various concentrations of corticosterone for 24 h and then cultured without corticosterone in the presence or absence of LPS. Our results demonstrated that LPS remarkably increased production of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-$1{\beta}$, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and NO (nitric oxide). Corticosterone pretreatment significantly attenuated LPS-induced production of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and VEGF, while significantly enhanced IL-6 and NO. These findings suggest that corticosterone pretreatment may contribute to LPS-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages via pro- and anti-inflammatory imbalance of inflammatory mediators.

• Journal of Evidence-Based Herbal Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of extract from Hwang lyun tang (HLT) on the THP-1 cell and HMC-1 cell. To evaluate of anti-inflammatory of HLT, we examined cytokines production in lipopolysacchride (LPS)-induced THP-1 cell and A23187, PMA-induced HMC-1 cell. Extract of HLT inhibit LPS-induced interleukin (IL)-8 production in human monocyte THP-1 cells. Extract of HLT inhibit A23187, PMA-induced IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ (INF-$\alpha$) production in HMC-1 cells. HLT down-regulated LPS-induced IL-8 production and A23187, PMA-induced IL-8, TNF-$\alpha$ production, which may be provide a clinical basis for anti-inflammatory properities of HLT.

• Journal of Evidence-Based Herbal Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of extract from Jak-Yak Tang (JYT) on the THP-1 cell and HMC-1 cell. Method : To evaluate of anti-inflammatory of JYT, we examined cytokines production in lipopolysacchride (LPS)-induced THP-1 cell and A23187, PMA-induced HMC-1 cell. Result : Extract of JYT inhibit LPS-induced interleukin (IL)-8 production in human monocyte THP-1 cells. Extract of JYT inhibit A23187, PMA-induced IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ (INF-$\alpha$) production in HMC-1 cells. Conclusion : NT down-regulated LPS-induced IL-8 production and A23187, PMA-induced IL-8, TNF-$\alpha$ production, which may be provide a clinical basis for anti-inflammatory properities of JYT.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.957-965
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• 2006

This study was peformed to evaluate antithrombotic activities and anti-inflammatory effects of Kami-BoyangHwanoh-Tang(KBHT). The major findings were summarized as follows. In experiment of anti-thrombotic effect; KBHT inhibited human platelet aggregation induced by ADP and epinephrine as compared with the control group and inhibited pulmonary embolism induced by collagen and epinephrine (inhibitory rate is 50 %). KBHT increased platelet number significantly and also KBHT shortened PT and APTT significantly as compared with the control group in thrombus model induced by dextran. In experiment of anti-inflammatory effect; KBHT inhibited $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, COX-2 and NOS-II mRNA expression as compared with the control group in a concentration-dependent degree, and inhibited NO production significantly at 50, $100\;{\mu}g/^{ml}$, and also inhibited ROS production in a concentration-dependent degree as compared with the control group in RAW 264.7 cell line. KBHT inhibited $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ production significantly in serum of acute inflammation-induced mice, and decreased $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ production in spleen tissue, and also decreased IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ production in liver tissue, but increased $IL-1{\beta}$ production in liver tissue of acute inflammation-induced mice. KBHT increased survival rate at 3rd day in mice with lethal endotoxemia induced by LPS. These results suggest that KBHT can be useful in treating diverse female diseases caused by thrombosis and inflammation such as endometrosis, myoma, pelvic congestion, chronic cervicitis, chronic pelvic inflammatory disease and so on.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.21-42
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• 2009

Objectives : This Study was performed to assess the antioxidant and neuroprotective effect of Chunghyul-dan(Qingxuedan) in PC12 cells and primary rat mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. Methods : The anioxidant effect was investigated using the DPPH radical and ABTS cation scavenging assays and total polyphenol amout of Chunghyul-dan(Qingxuedan). The neuroprotective effect of Chunghyul-dan(Qingxuedan) in PC12 cells was evaluated using MTT assay. The scavenging activity of Chunghyul-dan(Qingxuedan) on ROS production induced by 6-OHDA(6-hydroxydopamine) in PC12 cells was evaluated, as well as the attenuating effect on GSH reduction. Finally, we examined the neuroprotective effect of Chunghyul-dan(Qingxuedan) against 6-0HDA-induced toxicity in the primary culture of rat mesencephalic doperminergic neurons. Results : Chunghyul-dan(Qingxuedan) showed concentration-dependent scavenging activities in DPPH radical and ABTS cation scavenging assays and it was not cytotoxic to PC12 cells. In postand co-treatment, Chunghyul-dan(Qingxuedan) protected PC12 cells from the 6-OHDA induced toxicity at 50 and 100 ${\mu}$g/mL significantly. And Chunghyu!-dan(Qingxuedan) decreased the 6-OHDA induced ROS production at a dose dependent manner, while increaing the 6-OHDA induced GSH reduction at 50 and 100 ${\mu}$g/mL significantly. Finally, Chunghyul-dan(Qingxuedan) showed signicant protection of rat mescencephalic dopaminergic neurons from 6-OHDA at 1 ${\mu}$g/mL. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that Chunghyul-dan(Qingxuedan) has the antioxidant and neuroprotective effect against 6-0HDA induced cytotoxicity through decreasing ROS production and increasing GSH reduction.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.63-71
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• 2010

Objectives: Gallic acid (GA) is the major component of tannin which could be easily founded in various natural materials such as green tea, red tea, grape juice, and Corni Fructus. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Gallic acid (GA) on production of interleukin (IL) in mouse macrophage Raw 264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods: Productions of interleukins were measured by High-throughput Multiplex Bead based Assay with Bio-plex Suspension Array System based on $xMAP^{(R)}$ (multi-analyte profiling beads) technology. Firstly, cell culture supernatant was obtained after treatment with LPS and GA for 24 hour. Then, it was incubated with the antibody-conjugated beads for 30 minutes. And detection antibody was added and incubated for 30 minutes. And Strepavidin-conjugated Phycoerythrin (SAPE) was added. After incubation for 30 minutes, the level of SAPE fluorescence was analyzed on Bio-plex Suspension Array System and concentration of interleukin was determined. Results: The results of the experiment are as follows. 1. GA significantly inhibited the production of IL-3, IL-10, IL-12p40, and IL-17 in LPS-induced mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells at the concentration of 25, 50, 100, 200 uM (p<0.05). 2. GA significantly inhibited the production of IL-6 in LPS-induced mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells at the concentration of 50, 100, 200 uM (p<0.05). 3. GA diminished the production of some cytokine such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in LPS-induced mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. 4. GA did not show the inhibitory effect on the production of IL-$1{\alpha}$ and IL-9 in LPS-induced mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusions: These results suggest that GA has anti-inflammatory activity related with its inhibitory effects on the production of interleukins such as IL-3, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-17, and IL-6 in LPS-induced macrophages.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.685-695
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• 2009

Objectives : In this study, the author tried to investigate whether Geonpye-tang(GPT) significantly affects PMA-, EGF- or TNF-alpha-induced MUC5AC mucin production and gene expression from human airway epithelial cells. Materials and Methods : Effects of the agent on PMA-, EGF- or TNF-alpha-induced MUC5AC mucin production and gene expression from human airway epithelial cells (NCI-H292) were investigated. Confluent NCI-H292 cells were pretreated for 30 min in the presence of GPT and treated with PMA (10ng/ml) or EGF (25ng/ml) or TNF-alpha (0.2nM), to assess both effect of the agent on PMA- or EGF- or TNF-alpha-induced MUC5AC mucin production by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and gene expression by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Possible cytotoxicity of the agent was assessed by examining the rate of survival and proliferation of NCI-H292 cells after treatment with the agent over 72 hrs (SRB assay). Results : (1) GPT significantly inhibited PMA-induced and EGF-induced MUC5AC mucin production from NCI-H292 cells. However, GPT did not affect TNF-alpha-induced MUC5AC mucin production. (2) GPT significantly inhibited the expression levels of PMA-, EGF- or TNF-alpha-induced MUC5AC genes in NCI-H292 cells (3) GPT did not show significant cytotoxicity to NCI-H292 cells. Conclusion : This result suggests that GPT can affect the production and gene expression of respiratory mucin observed in diverse respiratory diseases accompanied by mucus hypersecretion. This can explain the traditional use of GPT in oriental medicine. Effects of GPT with their components should be further investigated using animal experimental models that reflect pathophysiology of airway diseases through future studies.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.341-346
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• 2004

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or its mRNA expression are increased in acute nephrosis of various types including ischemia/reperfusion injury. This study was undertaken to determine whether pentoxifylline (PTX), an inhibitor of TNF-α production, provides a protective effect against hypoxia-induced cell injury in rabbit renal cortical slices. To induce hypoxia-induced cell injury, renal cortical slices were exposed to 100% N₂ atmosphere. Control slices were exposed to 100% O₂ atmosphere. The cell injury was estimated by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and p-aminohippurate (PAH) uptake. Exposure of slices to hypoxia increased the LDH release in a time-dependent manner. However, when slices were exposed to hypoxia in the presence of PTX, the LDH release was decreased. The protective effect of PTX was dose-dependent over the concentrations of 0.05∼1 mM. Hypoxia did not increase lipid peroxidation, whereas an organic hydroperoxide t-butylhydroperoxide (tBHP) resulted in a significant increase in lipid peroxidation. PTX did not affect tBHP-induced lipid peroxidation. Hypoxia decreased PAH uptake, which was significantly attenuated by PTX and glycine. tBHP-induced inhibition of PAH uptake was not altered by PTX, although it was prevented by antioxidant deferoxarnine. The PAH uptake by slices in rabbits with ischemic acute renal failure was prevented by PTX pretreatment. These results suggest that PTX may exert a protective effect against hypoxia-induced cell injury and its effect may due to inhibition of the TNF-α production, but not by its antioxidant action.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.155-162
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• 2008

Objectives : The present study was designed to investigate corelation between mix proportion of Scutellaria baicalensis (SB) and Coptis chinensis (CC) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TYPE-1 interferon production. Methods : I examined TYPE-1 interferon, interferon regulating factor (IRF)-1,7 and interleukin(IL)-10 production on LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells to evaluate inhibitory effect of mix proportion of SB and CC using real time PCR. Results : Mixture of SB and CC regulated TYPE-1 interferon and IRF-1,7 mRNA expression with SB dose dependent manner, while maintained IL-10 mRNA expression on LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Conclusion : In mixture of SB and CC, SB plays a key role in reducing TYPE-1 interferon through inactivation IRF-1,7. Furthermore mixture of SB and CC maintained IL-10 mRNA level. Collectively, this results suggest that SB confer beneficial effects in autoimmune diseases clinically.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.129-141
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• 2024

This study derived production-production multipliers using a regional input-output table and estimated the induced effect of aggregates through the non-metallic minerals sector and the concrete products sector. In deriving the induced effect of aggregates, it is difficult to use the regional input-output table due to the sector classification problem. This study analyzed the non-metallic mineral sector, including aggregates, as aggregates sector, and the concrete products sector, which uses most of the aggregate production. By analyzing this, we attempted to alleviate difficulties caused by sector classification restrictions. In the process of estimating the induced effect, it was assumed that there was a decrease in aggregate production, and in the process of analyzing the concrete products sector, the effect of the decrease in concrete product production due to the decrease in aggregate production, that is, the decrease in production of one unit of aggregate was 0.8511 in the concrete product sector. The analysis was conducted on the premise of a decrease in unit production. Inducing effects within and between regions were calculated for the 17 metropolitan cities and provinces classified by the regional input-output table. The employment effect was also calculated, assuming a 10% production decrease to show differences according to the size of the aggregate and concrete product sectors in each region.