• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2010

The interaction of emotion is an important factor in Human-Robot Interaction(HRI). This requires a contextual appraisal of emotion extracting the emotional information according to the events happened from past to present. In this paper an emotion appraisal system based on the cognitive context is presented. Firstly, a conventional emotion appraisal model is simplified to model a contextual emotion appraisal which defines the types of emotion appraisal, the target of the emotion induced from analyzing emotional verbs, and the transition of emotions in the context. We employ a language based cognitive system and its sentential memory and object descriptor to define the type and target of emotion and to evaluate the emotion varying with the process of time with the a priori emotional evaluation of targets. In a experimentation, we simulate the proposed emotion appraisal system with a scenario and show the feasibility of the system to HRI.

• 감성과학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.263-271
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• 2007

최근 연구들의 개관에서 긍정정서는 스트레스의 대항에 도움을 주는 완충제 역할을 한다고 알려져 있다. 특히, 유머는 인간만이 이해하고 즐길 수 있는 정서로, 인간의 심리, 사회, 신체적 기능을 포함한 많은 면에서 기초적인 역할을 담당한다. 본 연구에서는 동영상 자극에 의해 유발된 유머 및 기쁨 정서에 따른 자율신경계 반응의 차이를 밝히고자 하였다. 47명의 남녀 초등학생을 대상으로 각 정서를 유발하는 2분 길이의 동영상 자극이 제시되는 동안, 자율신경계 반응을 측정하고 심리적인 평가를 수행하도록 하였다. 심리반응 결과, 유머자극은 95.7%의 적합성과 $3.81{\pm}1.01$의 효과성(5점 만점)을, 기쁨자극은 89.3%의 적합성과 $3.15{\pm}1.17$의 효과성을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 자율신경계 반응 결과, 두 정서 모두 안정상태에 비하여 유의하게 증가하였고, 특히 유머자극은 기쁨자극에 비하여 피부전도반응 수(NSCR), 심박률(HR), 심박률 분산의 저주파성분(LF)에서 유의하게 큰 증가를 보였다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.35-46
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• 2002

In this study, emotion changes were induced by four imaginations- pleasantness, unpleasantness, arousal, relaxation and it was examined using subjective evaluation and analysis of the physiological signals of the central and autonomic nerve systems whether the intended emotions were appropriately achieved, and whether these emotion changes could be distinguished from the analysis of physiological signals. Each of the four imaginations was implemented on 32 subjects for 30 seconds, while that Electroencephalogram (EEG), Eelectrocardiogram (RSP) were measured, and a subjective evaluation was implemented following the completion of the measurement. The analysis of the subjective evaluation revealed that the subjects underwent the four clearly differentiated imaginations, and the pleasantness level was classified into four imagination stages, pleasantness>relaxation>arousal=comfort>unpleasantness, and arousal level was classified into four imagination stages in the order of arousal>unpleasantness${\approx}$pleasantness>comfort>relaxation. The analysis of the EEG revealed that three stages of pleasantness level, pleasantness>relaxation=arousal=comfort>unpleasantness were classified from the values of ${\alpha}/{\alpha}+{\beta}\;and\;{\beta}/{\alpha}+{\beta}$, and about tour distinguishable stages of arousal level were obtained from the autonomic nervous system responses following the order of arousal>unpleasantness${\approx}$pleasantness> comfort> relaxation. It was found that intended emotion could be induced from the imagination, and these induced emotion changes could be differentiated using the physiological signals of the EEG and autonomic nervous system.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.191-200
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• 2014

We investigated the anxiolytic-like activity of ${\alpha}$-asarone (AAS) from Acorus gramineus in an experimental rat model of anxiety induced by repeated administration of the exogenous stress hormone corticosterone (CORT). The putative anxiolytic effect of AAS was studied in behavioral tests of anxiety, such as the elevated plus maze (EPM) test and the hole-board test (HBT) in rats. For 21 consecutive days, male rats received 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg AAS (i.p.) 30 min prior to a daily injection of CORT. Dysregulation of the HPA axis in response to the repeated CORT injections was confirmed by measuring serum levels of CORT and the expression of corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) in the hypothalamus. Daily AAS (200 mg/kg) administration increased open-arm exploration significantly in the EPM test, and it increased the duration of head dipping activity in the HBT. It also blocked the increase in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression in the locus coeruleus (LC) and decreased mRNA expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor, TrkB, in the hippocampus. These results indicated that the administration of AAS prior to high-dose exogenous CORT significantly improved anxiety-like behaviors, which are associated with modification of the central noradrenergic system and with BDNF function in rats. The current finding may improve understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms responsible for changes in emotions induced by repeated administration of high doses of CORT or by elevated levels of hormones associated with chronic stress. Thus, AAS did exhibit an anxiolytic-like effects in animal models of anxiety.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.279-287
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• 2020

Purpose: Some of the adolescent drinks more sugar-sweetened beverages. However, there is little evidence on the effect of eating behavior on emotional state and neurochemical changes under stress, especially on the levels of typical inhibitory neurotransmitters and gamma-aminobutyric acid. This article demonstrates that sucrose or saccharin drink reduces stress-related behavior responses and GABAergic deficits in adolescent rats. Methods: We randomly assigned 7-weeks-old Sprague-Dawley male rats to three groups: control group (Control), restraint stress only group (Stress), and restraint stress with unrestricted access to saccharin solution (Saccharin) and sucrose solution (Sucrose) as a positive control. We evaluated both anxious and depressive moods using an open field test and forced swim test, respectively. Using western blot analyses, the expression of a GABA-synthesizing enzyme, glutamate decarboxylase-67 (GAD67) and GABAergic markers, including calbindin and parvalbumin was assessed in the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala. Results: We found that both the drinks alleviated anxiety and depressive moods, induced significant attenuation in GAD67 level, and reduced calbindin level under stress in the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala. Conclusion: The results provide an understanding of the effect of sucrose or saccharin drink on stress-related responses. We propose the consumption of sweet drinks as a plausible strategy to alleviate stress-related alterations in adolescents.

• 감성과학
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.575-584
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• 2012

사용성은 제품의 사용 과정에서 지각되는 학습 용이성, 효율성, 만족성 등이 포함되는 복합적인 개념이며, 사용성 평가에 영향을 주는 요인은 다양하다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 제품의 사용성을 평가할 때 영향을 미치는 여러 요인 중 평가자의 내적 요인, 그 중에서도 평가자의 정서를 관심 변인으로 하여, 점화에 의해 유도된 정서가 제품의 사용성에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 실험 1에서는 IAPS에서 추출된 사진 자극을 점화자극으로 제시하여 참가자들에게 긍정적이거나 부정적인 정서를 유발하도록 하였다. 실험 결과, 긍정적 정서로 유도된 집단은 부정적 정서로 유도된 집단에 비해 지각된 사용성을 더 높게 평정하였다. 실험 2에서는 이미지 자극의 정서를 긍정-부정 차원과 각성-이완의 차원으로 세분화하여 제시함으로써 정서의 두 가지 차원 중 어느 차원이 지각된 사용성에 영향을 주는지 살펴보았다. 실험 결과, 각 변인들 간의 주효과와 상호작용 효과가 관찰되었다. 따라서 일시적으로 유도된 정서가 사용성 평가에 영향을 줄 수 있는 요인 중 하나임을 시사한다. 본 연구는 사용성 관련 의사결정을 필요로 하는 상황에서 평가자는 현재의 정서가 미치는 영향을 비중 있게 고려해야 한다는 함의를 제공한다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.323-335
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• 2014

Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the relationship between personality and psychological responses induced by emotional stimuli (happiness, sadness, anger, boring and stress) for children. Background: Many researches are interested in assertion that there is close correlation between personality and emotion. The relationship between personality and emotion needs to be studied in view of the extended integration, not in view of respective property, because personality is deeply ingrained, and the relatively enduring patterns of thought, feeling and behavior and emotion can take advantage of individual differences in sensitivities to situational cues and predispositions to emotional state. In particular, studies on the personality and emotion for children are necessary in that childhood is an important period for formation of their personality and emotion expression and regulation. Method: Prior to the experiment, we made parents of 94 children rate personalities of their children, based on Korean Personality Inventory for Children (K-PIC). Results of 64 children without missing answers to all questions were analyzed. 64 children were exposed to five emotional stimuli and were asked to report the classification and intensity of their experienced emotion. Results: Children were classified into two groups of the lower 25% and higher 25% scores in twenty sub-scales of K-PIC, and psychological responses to five emotional stimuli between two groups were compared. Accuracy of emotion experienced by emotional stimuli showed a significant difference between the two groups, the lower and higher scores in Hyperactivity and Adjustment. Also, there was a significant difference in the intensity of experienced emotions between the two groups in Intellectual Screening and Psychosis. Conclusion: Our result has shown that hyperactivity, adjustment, intellectual screening and psychosis influence the accuracy and intensity of emotional responses. Application: This study can offer a guideline to overcome methodological limitation of emotion studies for children and help researcher basically understand and recognize human emotion in HCI.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.978-989
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is enrich the expressivity in fashion illustrations by looking into the expression of humor which is seen in the fashion illustration. In addition, this study is expected to provide a theoretical basis to the people whose works are concern with Fashion design. It is the fashion illustration that expresses the specific concept that accords with the purpose of drawing. And we need to create our own techniques freely and to develop them into higher ones. In this view, we can say that the humor in the fashion illustrations shows us the new world of expression. And we can also say that it fills the roles of social functions to purify human emotions with helping the communication between people in our highly developed society. Finally, the expression of humor in fashion illustrations can be described as followings. First, they are relate with the superiority, disparity, psychic release in the theory of humor's origin. Second, the image of humor can be induced by changing the figure of human body. Third, it can be encouraged by contrasting the different fashion images. Forth, we can use well-known icons that cause the humor does not only give us laugh but also reflect the era, society enlarge the range of expression in fashion illustrations.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.1035-1046
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• 2008

I looked into hypochondria, an increasing social problem, in psychological and Korean medical aspects and these conclusions were made through 16 clinical cases based on HyungSang medicine. Hypochondria is a disorder that is caused when feeble minded person could not fight the reality. It is caused by deficiency and stagnation of Ki which connects body and mind. In Korean medical view point mind and body is the same. Particularly, in HyungSang medicine believes that everyone's way of life and how to deal with situation differs according to the characteristics and traits. HyungSang medical treatment in hypochondria Mind and body is in line with each other, so manifestation of mental activity is caused by deficiency of combining action of vital Ki. Medication that helps combining force of vital Ki is needed. As the way people handle situation is different, according to characteristics and trait it is valid to differ counselling and treatment according to the criteria. Looking at 16 case studies of hypochondria patients, in gender wise, woman with astriction quality and engaging in much mental activities are more vulnerable. In view of vital substances, more cases were found in Jung type and Ki type. In animal type, bird and reptile type were, and in six meridian type, Tae yang, Yang Myong, Tae Eum and Kwolum type were more susceptible. Especially, cases of Indang being stagnant was noticeable. Moreover, the pulse activated parallel with the Heart which is a leading organ that manifests mental activity and controls seven emotions, so many cases were found that was far from Heart-Small intestine and Heart-Gall Bladder relationship.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.139-156
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• 2021

이미지 분류에서 딥러닝 모형을 사용하는 가장 큰 이유는 이미지의 전체적인 정보에서 각 지역 특징을 추출하여 서로의 관계를 고려할 수 있기 때문이다. 하지만 이미지의 지역 특징이 없는 감정 이미지 데이터는 CNN 모델이 적합하지 않을 수 있다. 이러한 감정 이미지 분류의 어려움을 해결하기 위하여 매년 많은 연구자들이 감정 이미지에 적합한 CNN기반 아키텍처를 제시하고 있다. 색깔과 사람 감정간의 관계에 대한 연구들도 수행되었으며, 색깔에 따라 다른 감정이 유도된다는 결과들이 도출되었다. 딥러닝을 활용한 연구에서도 색깔정보를 활용하여 이미지 감성분류에 적용하는 연구들이 있어왔으며, 이미지만을 가지고 분류 모형을 학습한 경우보다 이미지의 색깔 정보를 추가로 활용한 경우가 이미지 감성 분류 정확도를 더 높일 수 있었다. 본 연구는 사람이 이미지의 감정을 분류하는 기준 중 많은 부분을 차지하는 색감을 이용하여 이미지 감성 분류 정확도를 향상시키는 방안을 제안한다. 이미지의 RGB 값에 K 평균 군집화 방안을 적용하여 이미지를 대표하는 색을 추출하여, 각 감성 클래스 별 해당 색깔이 나올 확률을 가중치 식으로 변형 후 CNN 모델의 최종 Layer에 적용하는 이-단계 학습방안을 구현하였다. 이미지 데이터는 6가지 감정으로 분류되는 Emotion6와 8가지 감정으로 분류되는 Artphoto를 사용하였다. 학습에 사용한 CNN 모델은 Densenet169, Mnasnet, Resnet101, Resnet152, Vgg19를 사용하였으며, 성능 평가는 5겹 교차검증으로 CNN 모델에 이-단계 학습 방안을 적용하여 전후 성과를 비교하였다. CNN 아키텍처만을 활용한 경우보다 색 속성에서 추출한 정보를 함께 사용하였을 때 더 좋은 분류 정확도를 보였다.