• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.721-731
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• 1998

Recently, many researchers are studying the relation between thermal environment and human comfort. The purpose of this study was to obtain basic data which are necessary to determine the thermal comfort sensation and physiological responses for men in winter indoor environment. From January to February 1998, subject experiment was 40 times proceeded under twenty different conditions of air temperature and relative humidity with early-twenty male university students. We examined subjective evaluation, Electrocardiogram(ECG), Electroencephalogram(EEG) of subjects. The results of this study can be summarized as follows : The comfort zone of people in winter was achieved at Standard new effective temperature($SET^*$) $ 25.2^{\circ}C$, PMV range was obtained by Fanger's statistical calculation was －0.27＜PMV＜＋0.62, TSV range obtained subjects vote was －0.76＜TSV＜＋0.36. The largest difference of skin temperature was found at the calf area as air temperature changes. vote rate of human body presented calflongrightarrowheadlongrightarrowforearmlongrightarrowchestlongrightarrowabdo men in turn. Heart rate was decreased at low $SET^*$ and heart rate was increased at high $SET^*$ But there was no change at EEG.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to compare heat shading performance of various blind types in summer. 4 types of blinds were employed and the results are summarized as follows: 1) There were significant differences in indoor thermal environment and heat shading performance between different heat shading devices, and functional blinds demonstrated relatively superior heat shading performance. 2) Indoor long wave radiation influx measures were lowest for the coating roll blind (Blind B), followed by the coating venetian blind (Blind C), the venetian blind (Blind A), the roll blind, and not having any blinds at all. 3) Such examination results carry implications to reduce cooling load and enhance the indoor environment.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.239-246
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• 2013

Recently the building is introducing the indoor water space. Thermal environment change with the introduction. Consequently, this study shows how water space in the public facility affects the indoor environment. We had put our experiment to measure the humidity and temperature differences in different distances of water space. The result of this study is as follows. First, We found that even though there's a water space, it makes no big change in temperature by different distance. The temperature was only maintained by a cooler. Second, As there's a water space, the humidity was affected by within 1.5 m of it. Through our experimental result, we have started our study to make a water space effective.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.31-38
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyse PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) and PPD (Predicted Percentage of dissatisfied) by automatic control of slat-type vertical blind. EnergyPlus, a building energy analysis software has been used for this study. The energy model is calibrated in Energy Plus using measured zone temperature and glass surface temperature data for one day and thermal comfort performance inside the building analysis was carried out. The calibrated data has the MBE of 4% and Cv(RMSE) of 10%. The result was that, for better zone thermal comfort, installation of blind on the outside is more appropriate than inside or no blind case. Additionally, different glazing types were compared and it was found that Triple Low-e glass is the most favorable.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2003

This study aims to survey the living spaces of the welfare facilities for the aged to get the objective relationships between the physical thermal environment and the users' subjective responses. The surveys were made twice in winter and once in summer during 2001 and 2002. An ambient temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, globe temperature were measured as physical elements of thermal environment and the ASHRAE Psychophysical Voting Scale were used as an evaluation index for subjective responses. As the results, the aged respond thermally comfortable, in spite of the differences among important factors such as thermal sensations, humidity sensations and air velocity sensations. Also the physical thermal environmental elements and the subjective responses indices exceed thermal comfort range calculated by PMV(Predicted Mean Vote) and PPD(Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied). It shows that the insulation of walls of the facilities is not enough for heating and cooling seasons, and the indoor environmental control is necessary.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.960-968
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• 2004

One of the most important functions of a building is to provide thermally comfortable indoor environmental conditions for the occupants. Therefore, a great deal of energy is consumed for heating and cooling to satisfy those thermal requirements. In order to provide thermal comfort with minimum heating and cooling energy consumption, optimal design of building affecting indoor climate is required. This study used the TRNSYS for modeling and simulation of the energy flows of residential building types, and examined the energy efficient measures to reduce the thermal loads. The residential building types are classified into the detached house, apartment house and high-rise residential complex. The results of the simulation show that the heating energy consumption in the detached house is especially high, whereas the cooling load is an important determinant in the apartment house and high-rise residential complex. The measures examined are the insulation thickness, various types of glazing, infiltration, natural and controlled ventilation, solar shading, orientation and etc. Comparative evaluations and sensitivity analyses revealed the effects of these variables and identified their energy efficient building design strategies.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.73-83
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to analyze and characterize the correlation of the thermal comfort sensation with physiological responses for men in winter indoor environment. A number of experiments were conducted under twenty different environmental conditions with college male students. Clinical information on each participant was reported in terms of electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG) and self-centered evaluation. The comfort zone in winter is found, throughout the study, at Standard New Effective Temperature (SET$T^+$) of 25.2$^{\circ}C$, Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) between 0.27 and 0.62, and Thermal Sensation Vote (TSV) in the range of -0.76 and 0.36. The largest difference in skin temperature is measured at the calf area with respect to air temperature changes. Skin sensitivity to environment temperature is explained as calf, head, chest and abdomen in descending order. Change in heat rate is analyzed to be in parallel with that of SET$T^+$.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.71-83
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• 1989

This is a basic study designed to discover the most comfortable thermal environment for Korean residences. The purpose of the research is to observe and measure the summer thermal environment in Korean urban detached single family houses and apartments by utilising proposed evaluation standards and methods. The technique used involves the measurement of environmental elements, such as indoor temperature, relative humidity and radiant temperature both in detached single family houses and apartments. Also, in order to understand the resident's thermal comfort response. ASHRAE' thermal sensation 9th level, indoor temperature 5th level, and thermal discomfort 4th level in the psycho-physical voting scale (1972) was used. In conclusion, among Korean urban residences, detached single family houses provided a more stable thermal environment than apartments, as shown by physical psychological evaluations. The possible reason for such stability in detached single family houses may be the usage of reinforced concrete structures which maintain consistent temperatures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.355-359
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• 2003

1. The objective of this paper is to investigate the indoor environment from the viewpoint of interaction between physical environment and the human responses. 2. A continuous measurement has been carried out for 1 year and distribution of variables have been measured for 1 day. 3. The attitude of workers was investigated by a questionnaire. 4. As the result, average luminance represented more than 800-1800 lx in the office, in contrast with less than 1000 lx in the encourage luminance of an office. 5. There was a significant difference of the occupants' response to the light environment between the neighboring environments. 6. Measured thermal conditions are on the edge of the ASHRAE comfort envelope in summer, and in the neighborhood of the lower dry limit of the envelope in spring.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.533-536
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• 2002

A heating flow discharged from a 4-way ceiling type indoor unit has been investigated using a PIV(particle image velocimetry) system For the PIV measurements, an experimental model of 1/10 scale with a transparent room was devised by satisfying the Archimedes number, which is generally used in case that the forced convection has the similar magnitude as the natural convection. To optimize the heating flow, several vane angles and vane control algorithms of cross and right angle controls were considered. Regarding the vane angle, the experimental results show that it should be less than $30^{\circ}$ to avoid re-suction flows which decrease the performance of the air-conditioner. At the vane angle of $30^{\circ}$, applying open/close control gives nae to more uniform distribution of the heating flow than without control. Especially, the cross-control seems to be satisfactory for the thermal comfort.