• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2021

In modern society, indoor activities time is increasing due to industrial development. Interest in indoor air quality is increasing as indoor activity time increases. The main causes of indoor air pollution are formaldehyde which a chemical cause, and fungi which a biological cause. Phytoncide effectively reduces Formaldehyde and Fungi. Charcoal which possess porous-structure has a good absorbance of pollutants. In this study, the authors manufactured functional cement matrix using by phytoncide and charcoal to remove formaldehyde and fungi. In this study, Functional cement matrix reduced formaldehyde and Fungi and effectively improve indoor air quality.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 2013

Studies evaluating the health effects of hazardous air pollutants assume that people's exposure to typical pollutant level is the same as specific regional pollutant level. However, depending on social and demographic factors, time-activity pattern of people can vary widely. Since most people live in indoor environments over 88% of the day, evaluating exposure to hazardous air pollutants is hard to characterize. Objective of this study was to estimate the exposure levels of university students of $NO_2$, VOCs(BTEX) and $PM_{10}$ using the scenarios with time-activity pattern and indoor concentrations. Using data from time-use survey of National Statistical Office in 2009, we investigated time-activity pattern of university students and hourly major action. A total of 1,057 university students on weekday and 640 on weekend spent their times at indoor house 13.04 hr(54.32%), other indoors 7.70 hr(32.06%), and transportation 2.36 hr(9.83%). Indoor environments in which university students spent their times were mainly house and school. Air pollutants concentrations of other indoor environments except house and school such as bar, internet cafe and billiard hall were higher than outdoors, indicating that indoor to outdoor ratios were above 1. According to three types of exposure scenarios, exposure to air pollutants could be reduced by going home after school.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.204-214
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• 2018

Indoor air quality was investigated in homes and daycares located in areas with heavy traffic in Seoul, South Korea from November 2013 to January 2014. Indoor and outdoor air quality measurements were collected for 48 hours in four children's homes and daycare centers. The I/O ratio (Indoor to outdoor ratio) for each major air pollutant ($NO_2$, black carbon, $PM_{10}$, and $PM_{2.5}$) was calculated, and $NO_2$ and $PM_{10}$ concentration profiles were analyzed based on indoor activity diaries recorded during the 48 hours. Most I/O ratios for $NO_2$, black carbon, $PM_{10}$, and $PM_{2.5}$ at daycare centers were less than one. At homes, I/O ratios for black carbon, $PM_{10}$, and $PM_{2.5}$ were less than one; however, most I/O ratios for $NO_2$ were greater than one due to the usage of gas stoves. The children's exposure to indoor air pollutants was calculated using a time-weighted average exposure method, and the daily intake level for each pollutant was determined.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.103-110
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• 2023

People who spend most of their day indoors are continuously exposed to internally and externally generated indoor pollutants. According to a 2022 report from the World Health Organization (WHO), air pollution is the cause of more than 7 million deaths annually worldwide, emphasizing the seriousness of indoor air pollutants. Air pollutants include nitrogen oxides (NOx), formaldehyde (HCHO), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which have serious effects on the human body. Photocatalyst is a material that can remove these indoor air pollutants. Photocatalysts not only have the ability to remove dust precursors, but also have antibacterial, sterilizing, and deodorizing functions, making them effective in improving indoor air quality. This study suggests areas and methods in which photocatalysts can be applied to buildings. Fields of application include interior and exterior construction materials such as concrete, as well as organic paints and ventilation devices. If appropriate utilization plans are developed, it may be possible to improve the built environment through reduced indoor and outdoor pollutant levels.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.14 no.E
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• pp.1-7
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• 1998

This paper presents an experimental study for understanding the indoor air quality in a room. A model room, which had a ceiling-mounted supply and a sidewall-mounted exhaust, was used to examine the effect of air exchange rate (AER) and contaminant source location (CSL) as a function of the elapsed time. A tracer gas method, using carbon monoxide tracer, gas analyzers, and a data acquisition system, was applied to study the ventilation air distribution and the tracer removal efficiency, so-called pollutant removal efficiency, in the model room. The experiment was composed of two parts; firstly the AER was varied to examine its effect on the ventilation air distribution and the ventilation effectiveness and secondly both AER and CSL were considered to determine their effect on the pollutant removal efficiency. It was found that the ventilation effectiveness in the model was proportional to AER but not linearly. It was also found that changing the CSL can improve the pollutant removal efficiency. In some cases, the efficiency improvement by increasing AER was achieved by simply changing CSL.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.349-355
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• 2011

In this study, numerical simulation has been conducted to investigate dispersion of a pollutant released from a new furniture, a kind of Sick Building Syndrome (SBS). A sofa which generates formaldehyde is implemented by using an immersed boundary method. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is employed to obtain time-dependent velocity and concentration fields. It is shown that the ventilation efficiency in this room can be improved by changing inlet angle of diffuser, even though other conditions still remain unchanged. Both active diffusion near a sofa and air flow pattern are important parameters to enhance the ventilation efficiency.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.7-16
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• 2003

The transfer of air pollutants between passenger room and service room in train are investigated by the computational analysis. The effects of service room temperature, inlet velocity, initial concentration and heating are studied. The flow induced by the difference of density between two rooms is found to take the major role in transfer of polluted air. Low temperature of service room enhances the polluted air flow into passenger room along the floor. Exhaust fan above the door between two rooms is not effective for this case. Strong inlet flow is found to suppress polluted air flow from service room. The heating of passenger room can promote air pollution.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2008

Recently, much attention has been paid to the problem such as sick building syndrome, which caused by the indoor air pollutant. Volatile Organic Compounds $(VOC_s)$ and formaldehyde have been considered as one of the main reason that causes indoor air pollutant. This study is for introducing and designing thermal performance of super energy saving building by conducting $VOC_s$ and formaldehyde concentration in the 3Liter house. The results of the measurement for 10 months showed that $VOC_s$ and formaldehyde decreased until the guideline concentration. It took about 7 months, and it appeared right after new construction. However, their levels were showed higher concentration in comparison with the ordinary residential houses (apartment house). The main difference of between newly built 3Liter house and ordinary apartment is their air changes, which are 0.67/h for 3Liter house and 4.0/h for the apartment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.163-166
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• 2005

Amenity is an essential factor of Modern Apartment. But because of many chemical products and noxious volatile organic compound(VOC) used in the apartment, many people are exposed to them. This fact implies that there can be many disease caused by them. Therefore to reduce pollutant matters inducing sick house syndrom, measures for new furniture and apartment dweller were suggested in this study.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.265-274
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate relationship between worker's ophthalmoxerosis symptom and IAQ (Indoor Air Quality) variation after planting indoor plants at newly-built office building. Methods: We selected a new office building located in Sejong-si and occupants who work in the Office for study. The indoor air pollutant was investigated according to applying indoor plants. The indoor air quality of the new building was evaluated by measuring volatile organic compounds (VOCs), aldehydes, temperature and humidity. The level of dry eye symptoms was classified into normal, mild, moderate and severe by using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI). Results: There was VOCs' reduction effect according to placing indoor plants because the concentration of VOCs in newly-built government office (Sejong-si) was highly decreased when the indoor plants was placed at the office. The occupants' SBS (Sick Building Syndrome) symptoms score was gradually decreased in accordance with applying indoor plants. However, SBS symptoms score was increased when the office was not applied indoor plants. There was not statistical significance in workers' dry eye questionnaire results. Conclusions: There was reduction effect of indoor air pollutant in applied indoor plants office. Also, in case of questionnaire results of ophthalmoxerosis and SBS (Sick Building Syndrome) symptoms score were showed positive effect. This study is needed longer-term study because of complements of difference of individual sensitivity and there are some limitations due to field survey research.