• 경영과정보연구
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• 제1권
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• pp.41-73
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• 1997

Responses from the information users on the information technology are very important considerations when majority of the companies are going to introduce information technology by way of computers. When new information technology is introduced, resistance from the information users are likely to be happen and if suitable management about this is not carried out, resistance from the users of information technology will be continued. It is needed for the companies to minimize user's resistance about the information technology to reduce the introduction cost of information technology and to elevate the degree of use. To reduce the resistance from the users about information technology, factors which affect the resistance of users should be analyzed first and it will be effective to control those factors later on. Therefore it will be meaningful for the successful management of information technology if several factors which affect the resistance of users about information technology are searched out and managed. The purpose of this study is to find various factors which affect the resistance of the individuals in the organization about information technology in the process of introducing information technology. The relationship between the factors and factors which affect indirectly to the information technology are the things which are supposed to be considered to the companies who are going to introduce information technology in the long run. Instead of decreasing the resistance directly, let individuals in the organization decreases the resistance by themselves is a more effective way and may have less side effects, in terms of controlling the members in the organization.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.314-327
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• 1992

Insecticide resistance is a serious is a serious threat to IPM, resulting in various adverse effects not to mention the loss of yield in agriculture. One approach to counter the problem is the disruption of resistance mechanisms. This can be achieved by (1) compounds which show a negative correlation with resistance at the site of action, (2) specific metabolic inhibitors which serve as synergists, or (3) a certain combination of two insecticides producing a joint action. This approach, however, requires certain precautions for the side effects may cause an increase in toxicity to mammals. Owing to the recent advances in theoretical studies on resistance management employing computer simulation and mathematical models, a few principles to reduce the risk of development of resistance have been clarified. They are helpful in designing operational strategies with regard to, for instance, insecticide doses to be applied, mode of application, and choice and nature of the insecticide(s) to be used. For restoration of insecticide susceptibility of a resistant population, reintroduction of susceptible individuals to the resistant population is feasible when certain conditions are met. Natural enemies which developed resistance to insecticides can be an important component of IPM as has been shown in the pest management in apple orchards. After all, the implementation of a successful resistance management program depends upon cooperation between different sigments of the agricutural community. Although resistance is a preadaptive phenomenon, in some cases spontaneous loss of resistance does occur without contamination by susceptible individuals. The instability of resistance in these insects implies the possible existence of a switch machanism controlling the expression of resistance gene(s). Elucidation of such a mechanism may eventually provide us with a new technical approach with which we can combat the problem of insecticide resistance.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건설관리학회 2008년도 정기학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.311-314
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• 2008

정보화 사회의 급격한 발전에 따라 건설산업 역시 건설 IT의 적용, 신공법 개발, 건설자동화, 정책 및 제도의 변화 등 기술적, 구조적 진보에 따른 많은 변화가 발생하고 있는 실정이나, 이를 활용하는 개인의 적응(숙련)은 그에 미치지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 이에 따라, 제조업을 비롯한 타 산업과 같이 건설산업 역시 이러한 시대적 기술적 변화에 각 구성원들이 어떻게 적응하고 변화하는 가에 대한 기초적 연구가 필수적이며, 이를 바탕으로 건설조직의 운영에 있어 많은 시간, 노력, 비용을 절감방안 수립 및 인력자원 재배치를 통한 유휴자원을 효율적으로 운영이 가능할 것이다. 따라서, 본 연구의 목적은 기존 사회과학 분야에서의 개인 저항성 모델을 활용하여, 건설산업에서 개인 저항성을 일으킬 수 있는 주요 저항요인들을 분석하였으며, 각 요인들의 상호관계에 대해 규명 분류를 통한 저항요인들 간의 관계를 나타내는 개념적, 도식적 모형을 제시하였다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2012

Sw5-2 SCAR 분자표지와 생물검정법을 이용하여 토마토 유전자원 94종의 $Tomato$ $spotted$ $wilt$ $virus$(TSWV) 저항성을 조사하였다. Sw5-2 SCAR 분자표지의 PCR 산물은 대략 574bp, 500bp, 462bp였는데, 크기가 가장 큰 PCR 산물이 Sw5-b 저항성 대립유전자와 연관되어 있었다. Sw5-b 저항성 대립유전자는 3개 수집종('Eureta', 10-318, 10-321)에서 관찰되었는데, 접종한 개체 가운데 이들 가운데 일부는 TSWV-pb1(토마토 분리주)에 일시적으로 감염되어 회복되거나 줄기에 괴사 병징을 보였다. ELISA 검사에서 음성으로 판명된 수집종 당 1개체씩 총 35개체를 선발하여 병징 발현 및 바이러스 감염 유무를 추가로 조사하였다. 접종 5개월 이후에 병징이 나타나지 않은 26개체를 대상으로 RT-PCR을 이용하여 TSWV 감염유무를 조사한 결과, 모든 개체에서 TSWV의 RT-PCR 산물이 약하게 증폭되었고, 이들 PCR 산물의 증폭 수준은 'Eureta'와 비슷하였다. 선발된 유전자원의 저항성은 조직 내 TSWV의 농도를 낮게 하는데 중요한 역할을 하고 이들은 Sw5를 포함한 여러 가지 유전자들에 의해 양적으로 조절되는 것으로 판단된다.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.57-73
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the diffusion period and productivity of smartwork in an organization. Firms are increasingly interested in smartwork for non contact work and working from home because of the corona 19. The smartwork is a new technology that changes face-to-face work in an organization. It helps the work of individuals and organizations regardless of time and place. The theoretical background describes the complexity, system thinking, diffusion theory, smart work, organizational resistance, and productivity. This study analyzes the diffusion period and productivity of smart work through business simulation techniques. A simulation study progresses four stages. There are problem definition, hypothesis establishment and causal loop diagram, model construction and verification, and policy evaluation. The simulation models contain an individual's resistance variables organizational investment and leadership variables related to the operation of smartwork. The organizational investment variables include organizational culture, legal system, implement systems and technology investment. The individual resistance variables include cognitive, attitude, structure and technological resistance. The leadership includes leadership interest variables and performance linkage variables. The simulation executed the changes of a people number adopting smart work and the organizational productivity monthly. As a result of the simulation, many organization members have accepted the smart work innovation after 20 months. The organizational productivity through smart work showed very high value after 16 months. In scenario analysis, the individuals' awareness and attitude resistance showed very important variables to productivity and a personal change of smart work adoption. Meanwhile, The organizational investment showed that the high driving-force increased not productivity and the low driving-force showed decreased low productivity. Also, leadership variables showed a powerful driver for changing smart work productivity. The implication of the study has suggested extending complexity, diffusion theory and organization resistance theory based on simulation methods.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2009

Metabolically obese but normal weight(MONW) syndrome is characterized, with potentially increased risks for development of the insulin resistance or metabolic syndrome despite their normal body mass index(BMI) < 25 kg/m2. Such characteristics could confer upon MONW individuals a type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases(CVD) risk however, research on MONW is scarce. MONW individuals have metabolic disturbances typical of obese persons and are identified by having a high amount of visceral fat, a low BMI, a high fat mass, a low lean body mass, low insulin sensitivity, and high triglyceride concentrations. The purpose of this study is to review several markers as potential modulators in individuals displaying the "MONW". Body fat appears to be functionally comparable with a dynamic endocrine organ, producing and secreting various adipocy tokines, such as leptin, adiponectin, CRP, tumor necrosis factor(TNF-), interleukin(IL)-6, all of which play an important role in the onset of cardiovascular disease, and insulin resistance. Otherwise, physical activity and a lower inflammation state might be helped to reduce the number of persons at risk of diabetes, CVD complications, or premature mortality. We should provide a method to optimal treatments resolving the emerging public health problem to prevention of MONW by providing guideline for physical activity as an optimal treatment for the MONW Korean. Furthermore we expect to develop a new strategy to manage MONW Korean in this society in terms of reducing medical costs and enhancing public health care for uprising population with MONW.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.211-231
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• 2005

마케팅관리자들이 글로벌 시장에 혁신을 성공적으로 진출시키기 위해서는 개인적 저항과 집단 저항에 대하여 이해하는 것이 중요하다. 우리가 제한하기로는 소비자들은 개인으로서, 집단의 한 구성원으로서 혁신에 저항하며, 의사결정의 다른 단계에 다른 방법으로 저항한다. 개인적인 저항은 초기저항(initial resistance)의 형태에서 시작하여 급박한 저항(emergent resistance)으로 발전하고 최종적으로는 늦은 저항(belated resistance)으로 발전한다. 또한, 개인의 도덕적 기준이 혁신수용 의사결정에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 때때로 개인적 저항은 집단저항에 의해서 수반되거나 집단저항으로 진화한다. 우리는 혁신에 대한 소비자저항을 개인에 대하여, 개인이 속한 집단에 대하여, 다른 개인과 집단에 대하여 작용하는 사회정체감의 결과로서 생각하는 체계를 제시한다. 어떤 집단 구성원인 소비자들은 사회비교과정을 통하여 자아존중감을 증가시킨다. 소비자들이 어떤 집단에 대하여 강한 정체감을 가지고 결속하면 할수록, 내부집단 결속력과 외부집단 배타성이 더 많이 나타난다. 외부 집단 배타성은 집단 구성원들에게 외부 집단과 관련된 제품과 서비스에 대하여 강한 저항을 나타낸다. 개인적인 저항과 집단 저항은 마케팅관리자들을 위협하고 성과를 침해한다. 혁신에 대한 저항의 존재를 고려하고, 극복하려는 전략을 추구함으로써 마케팅관리자들은 이러한 위협을 새로운 기회로 전환시킬 수 있다. 소비자저항에 대한 이해는 혁신의 소비자수용에 대한 연구를 보완하고, 소비자행동의 보편적인 모형을 개발하는 데 도움이 될 수 있다.

• 셀메드
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.7.1-7.9
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• 2011

Bioelectric impedance measurements have been reported to show significant variation between individuals. Different physiological conditions like thickened skin, obesity, and fluid retention can affect the impedance measurement. Therefore, it is important to learn what other factors can affect the measurements of impedance even in healthy individuals. Such information is a prerequisite for understanding the changes in impedance associated with acupuncture treatment. This study investigated the bio-impedance properties of tissue segments in the arms of a number of healthy subjects, so as to define the factors that might influence the variation of the bio-impedance data in acupuncture meridians studies. 51 healthy subjects were recruited through Liverpool Hospital, Sydney. Demographic data was collected from each subject including the age, sex, BMI, and time since most recent meal. Electrodes were applied to the forearms of each test subject. Measurements were done by a purpose-built Bio-Impedance Research Device (BIRD-I) which allowed the determination of core resistance (Rc) and core reactance (Xc) of each of the three meridian tissue segments on the anterior surface of the forearm. No significant difference was found in the core resistance attributable to age group, gender, BMI or meal intake. However, a statistically significant trend in increasing resistance from the radial to ulnar aspect of the forearm (p < 0.001) was found. No significant difference was found in the core resistance of test tissue segments among the 51 healthy subjects measured in this study. However, the trend of increasing core resistance from the radial to ulnar aspects of the arm deserves further investigation.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.288-293
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: We compared changes in heart-femoral pulse wave velocity (hfPWV) in response to low sodium and high sodium diet between individuals with sodium sensitivity (SS) and resistance (SR) to evaluate the influence of sodium intake on arterial stiffness. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Thirty-one hypertensive and 70 normotensive individuals were given 7 days of low sodium dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) diet (LSD, 100 mmol NaCl/day) followed by 7 days of high sodium DASH diet (HSD, 300 mmol NaCl/day) during 2 weeks of hospitalization. The hfPWV was measured and compared after the LSD and HSD. RESULTS: The hfPWV was significantly elevated from LSD to HSD in individuals with SS (P = 0.001) independently of changes in mean arterial pressure (P = 0.037). Conversely, there was no significant elevation of hfPWV from LSD to HSD in individuals with SR. The percent change in hfPWV from the LSD to the HSD in individuals with SS was higher than that in individuals with SR. Subgroup analysis revealed that individuals with both SS and hypertension showed significant elevation of hfPWV from LSD to HSD upon adjusted analysis using changes of the means arterial pressure (P = 0.040). However, there was no significant elevation of hfPWV in individuals with SS and normotension. CONCLUSION: High sodium intake elevated hfPWV in hypertensive individuals with SS, suggesting that high sodium intake increases aortic stiffness, and may contribute to enhanced cardiovascular risk in hypertensive individuals with SS.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.134-140
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the alteration of upper cervical manipulation to autonomic nervous system (ANS) through the heart rate variability(HRV) analysis in young healthy individuals. Design: Two-group pretest-posttest design. Methods: Thirty four young healthy participants (17 males and 17 females) were randomized into the 2 groups, such as the upper cervical manipulation group (UCM group, n=17), neck stretching group (NS group, n=17). UCM group received a upper cervical manipulation, especially on the atlas, and NS group did stretch for both side of upper trapezius and levator scapular. For the UCM, Atlas mobility was checked by therapist and thrust was given once at the posterior arch of Atlas. HRV was measured before and after intervention to investigate ANS alteration. After the intervention, both groups were given 3 minutes break-time before measuring HRV. Results: The UCM group showed significant differences in ANS Activity, Stress Resistance, Stress index and Fatigue Index (p<0.05) while no differences in NS group with before and after intervention. There were significant differences in ANS Activity, Stress Resistance, and Fatigue Index between groups (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study suggected that upper cervical manipulationhas positive effects on the ANS activity, stress resistance, and fatigue index.