• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.36-49
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• 2000

Evaluation of nutritional status is an essential element in providing appropriate intervention strategies to achieve the highest level of health, Nutritional assessment of the older population is complicated by many factors which do not significantly affect the nutritional status in young adults, therefore, it should be considered in two ways; community-dwelling elders group and hospitalized or institutionalized elderly group. To sort out the individuals with nutritional problems in a community efficiently, nutrition screening tools must be simple, relatively inexpensive, and applicable to a large number of subjects. Combination of tools and indicators such as 24-hour food recall, body weight and height, and questionnaires on eating practices, and the presence of chronic diseases is practically applicable as basic tools of nutritional screening of older age group. However, the lack of validated screening techniques remains a barrier in improving nutrition. Validation is only limited to energy, BMI, protein intake of the older populations living in western countries. Further refinement of nutritional assessment tools is demanded to figure out whether those are practically applicable to community-living older adults in Asian Society. A careful and systematic evaluation of nutritional assessment tools should be carried out prior to implementation of stepwise nutrition service to the heterogeneous older population. For an in-depth nutritional assessment at the individual level, we need to extend research efforts to clarify the requirements of nutrients due to aging and diseases. More cost-effective method that will allow rapid analysis of survey results are needed so that information can be readily available to policymakers.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.285-295
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• 2004

The outage cost assessment has an important position for determination of the optimal level or optimal range of reliability for power system expansion planning. Establishing the worth of service reliability is a very difficult and subjective task. While the utility cost(reliability cost) will generally increase as consumers are provided with higher reliability, the consumer costs(reliability worth) associated with supply interruptions will decrease as the reliability increases. The total costs to society are the sum of these two individual costs and the optimum or target level of reliability is achieved at minimum point of the total cost curve. This paper addresses the role, need and assessment algorithms and methodologies of the outage cost in power system expansion planning. In a case study, the outage cost has been assessed using macro approach for our country 15years(1986-200l) in the case study. Additionally, determination processing of optimum reliability level is presented in another case study with the five buses MRBTS.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2014

As preventive measures have received tremendous attention to prevent any possible accident in advance, many work places have introduced safety and health management systems. However despite of this government's effort, the industrial accident rate of small-scale businesses with less than 50 employees does not decline, which is mainly because the projects are not differentiated according to the risk level of individual business. To evaluate the risk level of small-scale businesses with less than 50 employees and then establish effective safety and health management systems according to the risk level, this study has conducted the following processes. The small-scale businesses with less than 50 employees were evaluated through accident type, and potential accident risk factor was evaluated through location, business type, and business size. The results of this analysis are expected to make contribution to improving the effectiveness of the safety and health management supports to small-scale businesses with less than 50 employees.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.259-266
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• 2010

학습자의 개별 정답 문항에서 얻어지는 단편적인 정보들로부터 평가에 관련되는 지식 전체에 대한 정보를 추론할 수 있는 지식공간론을 활용하여 고등학생의 천문학적 공간개념에 대한 위계와 개별 학생의 지식상태를 분석하였다. 천문학적 공간개념을 구성하는 요인의 위계는 '공간위치$\ll$공간추리$\ll$공간변화'로 분석되었다. 또한 지식공간론을 활용한 평가 자료의 분석은 기존의 평가 방법으로는 알 수 없었던 평가 문항과 문항 간의 관계와 학생 개개인의 지식상태를 알 수 있게 함으로서 학습자의 수준별 개별화 학습과 교육과정 선정에서 많은 시사점을 찾을 수 있다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2008

Based on the multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT), we present a survey method to measure consumer preferences. The multi-attribute utility theory has been used to make decisions in OR/MS field; however, we show that the method can be effectively used to estimate the demand for new services by measuring individual level utility function. Because conjoint method has been widely used to measure consumer preferences for new products and services, we compare the pros and cons of two consumer preference survey methods. Further, we illustrate how swing weighing method can be effectively used to elicit customer preferences especially for new telecommunications services, Multi-attribute utility theory is a compositional approach for modeling customer preference, in which researchers calculate overall service utility by summing up the evaluation results for each attribute. On the contrary, conjoint method is a decompositional approach, which requires holistic evaluations for profiles. Partworth for each attribute is derived or estimated based on the evaluation, and finally consumer preferences for each profile are calculated. However, if the profiles are quite new and unfamiliar to the survey respondents, they will find it very difficult to accurately evaluate the profiles. We believe that the multi-attribute utility theory-based survey method is more appropriate than the conjoint method, because respondents only need to assess attribute level preferences and not holistic assessment. We chose swing weighting method among many weight assessment methods in multi-attribute utility theory, because it is designed to perform in a simple and fast manner. As illustrated in Clemen and Reilly (2001), to assess swing weights, the first step is to create the worst possible outcome as a benchmark by setting the worst level on each of the attributes. Then, each of the succeeding rows "swings" one of the attributes from worst to best. Upon constructing the swing table, respondents rank order the outcomes (rows). The next step is to rate the outcomes in which the rating for the benchmark is set to be 0 and the rating for the best outcome to be 100, and the ratings for other outcomes are determined in the ranges between 0 and 100. In calculating weight for each attribute, ratings are normalized by the total sum of all ratings. To demonstrate the applicability of the approach, we elicited and analyzed individual-level customer preference for new telecommunication services-WiBro and HSDPA. We began with a randomly selected 800 interviewees, and reduced them to 432 because other remaining ones were related to the people who did not show strong intention for subscription to new telecommunications services. For each combination of content and handset, number of responses which favored WiBro and HSDPA were counted, respectively. It was assumed that interviewee favors a specific service when expected utility is greater than that of competing service(s). Then, the market share of each service was calculated by normalizing the total number of responses which preferred each service. Holistic evaluation of new and unfamiliar service is a tough challenge for survey respondents. We have developed a simple and easy method to assess individual level preference by estimating weight of each attribute. Swing method was applied for this purpose. We believe that estimating individual level preference will be quite flexibly used to predict market performance of new services in many different business environments.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.76-85
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• 2023

신재생에너지로서 수소에 대한 수요가 증가하고 있으나 기존의 화석 연료와 달리 수소는 연료 공급을 위한 전용 충전소가 필요하며, 이러한 인프라 확보를 위해서 수소충전소의 위험성 평가가 선행되어야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 정성적 위험성평가와 정량적 위험성 평가로 구분하여 수소충전소에 대한 위험성평가를 수행하였다. 정성적 평가는 Hazard and Operability Analysis(HAZOP) 기법을 사용하여 Dispenser Module을 두 개의 Node로 평가하였으며, Criticality Estimation Matrix에 따라 Filter의 막힘으로 인한 사고와 고압 사고의 위험도가 High Level로 평가되었다. 정량적 위험성 평가는 Hydrogen Korea Risk Assessment Module(Hy-KoRAM)을 사용하여 화재의 형상과 피해영향범위를 나타냈고, 개인적 위험도와 사회적 위험도에 대한 평가를 수행하였다. 개인적 위험도는 수소충전소로부터 약 100m 떨어진 공공시설 부근까지 추가적인 안전조치가 고려되는 As Low As Reasonably Practicable(ALARP) 구간의 위험도를 보였고, 사회적 위험도 역시 약 10명의 사망자가 발생할 사고빈도가 1E-04/year로 도출되며 ALARP 구간 내에 나타났다. 정성적·정량적 위험성 평가 결과, 공정 단계의 추가적인 안전 조치와 수소충전소 부근의 제한구역 설정을 통하여 안전성 향상 방안을 제시하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.455-468
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• 2006

Smart structural systems are defined as ones that demonstrate the ability to modify their characteristics and/or properties in order to respond favorably to unexpected severe loading conditions. The performance of such a task requires a set of additional components to be integrated within such systems. These components belong to three major categories, sensors, processors and actuators. It is wellknown that all structural systems entail some level of uncertainty, because of their extremely complex nature, lack of complete information, simplifications and modeling. Similarly, sensors, processors and actuators are expected to reflect a similar uncertain behavior. As it is imperative to be able to evaluate the impact of such components on the behavior of the system, it is as important to ensure, or at least evaluate, the reliability of such components. In this paper, a system model for reliability assessment of smart structural systems is outlined. The presented model is considered a necessary first step in the development of a reliability assessment algorithm for smart structural systems. The system model outlines the basic components of the system, in addition to, performance functions and inter-relations among individual components. A fault tree model is developed in order to aggregate the individual underlying component reliabilities into an overall system reliability measure. Identification of appropriate limit states for all underlying components are beyond the scope of this paper. However, it is the objective of this paper to set up the necessary framework for identifying such limit states. A sample model for a three-story single bay smart rigid frame, is developed in order to demonstrate the proposed framework.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2014

Prevention of the disasters is the best welfare to workers and it brings the growth and stability of an enterprise, finally uplifts the national competitiveness. Because small-scale businesses do not have safety and health managers, the government provides a wide range of safety and health management supports to small-scale businesses. However despite of this government's effort, the industrial accident rate of small-scale businesses does not decline, which is mainly because the projects are not differentiated according to the risk level of individual business. Therefore, this paper aims to obtain implications concerning a plan to conduct a reliable assessment of education through a safety job assessment, and to build a framework which may improve a technical area through the AHP analysis.

• 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2003년도 가을 학술논문집
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• pp.660-664
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• 2003

연구로 1,2호기 해체과정에서 발생되는 많은 양의 금속폐기물 중 자체처분대상 금속폐기물을 대상으로 재활용하는 경우에 대해서 피폭방사선량을 평가하고, 규제해제농도기준(안)을 도출하였다. 평가도구는 ,RESRAD-RECYCLE ver 3.06을 이용하여 ICRP60에서 제시하고 있는 유효선량 개념에 근거한 내부피폭 선량환산인자를 수정하였고, IAEA Safety Series III-P-1.1 및 NUREG-1640을 적용하여 예상되는 최대개인선량 및 집단선량을 평가하였다. 0.4Bq/g의 금속폐기물에 대한 RESRAD-RECYCLE 전산코드의 평가결과 개인최대선량 및 집단선량은 23.9 ${\mu}Sv/y$, 0.11 man$\cdot$Sv/y이다. 최종적인 핵종별 규제해제농도기준은 일반평가방법과 세부평가결과를 종합하여 가장 보수적인 평가결과를 추출하여 결정하였다. 그 결과 $Co^60$, $Cs^137$ 핵종에 대한 규제해제농도준위는 $1.67{\times}10_{-1}$ Bq/g미만이 되어야 국네 원자력법에서 정하고 있는 처분제한치(최대개인선량 : 10${\mu}Sv/y$, 집단선량 : 1man$\cdot$Sv/y)를 만족할 수 있다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.321-328
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• 2019

The purpose of the study is to analyze the main approaches to assessing human capital and develop proposals for its most objective assessment of it at the different levels of manifestation - individual, microeconomic and macroeconomic. The article considers the basic approaches to the evaluation of human capital, used in practice: retrospective (costly) and prospective (income based). Cost based methods involve measuring the value of human capital based on the total costs associated with its formation. The proposed additional evaluation criteria, in particular, the use of the expert approach and the developed indicators of a qualitative assessment of the human capital of the enterprise will allow development that is more efficient and use of available human resources. Human capital is becoming a major factor in the formation and development of an innovative economy and knowledge economy. Accordingly, the proposed additions to the assessment of human capital at the country level are aimed at assessing it from a new angle, taking into account the current global trends in the formation of an innovative economy and digitalization. They meet qualitatively new requirements for human capital as the main productive factor in the creation of new highly efficient technologies that promote the active development of the social sphere, science, education, health, etc.