• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.80-88
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• 2001

Objectives : In an epidemiologic study on the health impact of Agent Orange exposure, the valid estimation of exposure level is the most important step. Based on recent studies, we examined the correlation between exposure levels categorized by personal exposure estimates and serum 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD, Dioxin), exploring the possibility of utilizing the exposure level as a surrogate for the estimate of exposure to agent orange. Methods : During the study period (Jan 1996-Feb 1996), blood specimens of 745 subjects taken randomly among 1,329 persons and kept frozen, were analyzed for 2,3,7,8-TCDO and six other dioxin congeners. The serum dioxin and congeners were measured in 1998 by CDC, adjusted for serum lipids. We categorized the total exposure scores into five groups based on Agent Orange exposure data collected by interview and military records. Pearson and Spearman's correlation coefficients & multiple regression analysis were used to identify the relationship of the exposure level categorized with serum concentration of 2,3,7,8-TCDD, and six other dioxin congeners. Results : Dioxin and the other congeners, except 1,2,4,6,7,8-HpCDD, showed significant correlations to exposure categories (p<0.005): 2,3,7,8-TCDD and OCDD showed positive correlations, whereas the other congeners did negative. The values of 2,3,7,8-TCDD differed according to exposure category and proportionally increased from the low exposure group to the high, a dose-response relationship, even after other possible confounding variables were adjusted for. In multiple regression analysis, age$(\beta=0.033)$, dioxin$(\beta=0.433)$, 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD$(\beta=-0.998)$, 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD$(\beta=-0.773)$, 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD$(\beta=0.255)$, 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD$(\beta=-3.468)$, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD$(\beta=0.109)$ we re found to be significantly related to the total exposure score(p<0.005). Conclusion : This study demonstrated that the use of such categorizations as a surrogate measure of agent orange exposure in identifying exposure degrees in a health impact study is valid.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.475-487
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• 2011

Objectives : The growing elderly population and social changes have fueled a rapid increase in demand for elderly care facilities, but health care services for the elderly, especially oral health services, have long been overlooked. The purpose of this study was to examine the oral health care of elderly residents in elderly care facilities in an effort to provide some information on the elderly's oral health care and the development of dental care programs geared toward institutionalized elderly people. Methods : The subjects in this study were 230 elderly people who were in elderly care facilities in Jeolla Province. An individual interview was held, and they got a dental checkup. As for data analysis, t-test and ANOVA were utilized, and Scheffe post-hoc test was employed. Results : 1. In relation to the subfactors of the quality of life related to oral health, the elderly people investigated got a mean of 4.58, 4.47, 4.38, 4.09, 3.94, 3.91 and 3.76 respectively in activity disorder, mental disorder, social disorder, mental inconvenience, functional disorder, physical pain and physical disorder. 2. Concerning the overall quality of life related to oral health, there were statistically significant gaps in this aspect according to gender, age, presence or absence of systemic disorder, presence or absence of eating difficulties, subjective health status, subjective oral health state and oral health concern. 3. The presence or absence of root caries had a significant relationship to physical pain and social disorder among the subfactors of the OHIP-14, but that had nothing to do with functional disorder, mental inconvenience, physical disorder, mental disorder and activity disorder. Conclusions : The oral health indexes of the institutionalized elderly people in Jeolla Province were measured, and what factors affected the subfactors of oral health was checked. As a result, there appeared a close relation ship between oral health and the quality of life. Therefore effective oral health plans that cater to the elderly should be carried out to improve elderly people's quality of life related to oral health who stay in long-term elderly care facilities. In the future, prolonged research should be implemented from diverse angles for the sake of institutionalized elderly people.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.42
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• pp.87-113
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• 2015

This research study aims to analyze the process, you may encounter in the process of re-socialization through desocialization cause and the preparation of a study on private security agents desocialization and re-socialization of private security guards. In order to achieve the objectives of this study served as a private security agents who ride a moderator after desocialization to conduct in-depth interviews aimed at seven subjects experienced a re-evaluation of the socialization another chapter of the study, data analysis and content analysis coming from d derived through the following results: First, private security agents became the de-socialization due to various factors, different for each individual. In other words, the vision for the low-paid and insecure jobs, and excessive work environment and poor welfare was the main cause. Second, the preparation period of private security agents were called desocialization appropriate time before and after 40 business nature. That is, when considering the physical changes and their ability to work Mangan expenses that require expertise that can be interpreted in the context affordable. Third, private security agents were experiencing anxiety and duryeomum for the new job, rather than sinking feeling regret after retirement, showed that receive help for families and the surrounding communities to adapt and re-socialization through communication with people. There were also shown the safety and satisfaction of the new job and re-socialization experience to adapt to society looking for a new job.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.140-145
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• 2017

The goal of this study was to investigate risk factors associated with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) in pig farms in the Republic of Korea using logistic regression and a multilevel model. A cross-sectional study was applied to 305 pig farms with a questionnaire-based interview by veterinarians between March 2014 and February 2015. The questionnaire comprised eight categories: proximity to neighbors, disinfection, visitors, vehicles, insecticides, wild animals, gilts, and feeding. In total, 61 questions in eight categories related to pig farm biosecurity were investigated. Farms were classified as PRRS stable or unstable based on the results of an antibody test and PCR. For univariate analysis, keeping production records with computers (OR = 0.283, 95% CI = 0.056 - 1.425), accredited farm with no use of antibiotics (OR = 0.412, 95% CI = 0.134 - 1.269), reviewing health record of semen prior to purchasing (OR = 0.492, 95% CI = 0.152 - 1.589), complete isolation of runt pigs (OR = 0.264, 95% CI = 0.084 - 0.829), compulsory registering for visitors (OR = 0.424, 95% CI = 0.111 - 1.612), keeping records of insecticide history (OR = 0.406, 95% CI = 0.089 - 1.846), routine on-farm monitoring by veterinarians (OR = 0.314, 95% CI = 0.069 - 1.423), and use of on-farm checklist for biosecurity monitoring (OR = 0.313, 95% CI = 0.063 - 1.553) were found to decrease the probability of PRRS infection. Multivariate and multilevel analysis revealed only two factors, complete isolation of runt pigs (OR = 0.165, 95% CI = 0.045 - 0.602 and OR = 0.208, 95% CI = 0.055 - 0.782) and compulsory registering for visitors (OR = 0.106, 95% CI = 0.017 - 0.655 and OR = 0.119, 95% CI = 0.017 - 0.809) were found to decrease the probability of PRRS infection. The intracluster correlation coefficient of a province for multilevel model was 0.05. The results of this study might facilitate biosecurity measures for individual farms to reduce the probability of PRRS infection.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.123-138
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• 2017

It is necessary to examine how operation and management of instruction in school field be affected by the curriculum. This study examines the actual conditions of instruction provided by teachers while expecting to be adjusted the curriculum with respect to the consideration given to individual student needs and regional specialization by focusing on the subject of mathematics. Ultimately, the purpose of this study is to assess and expect how well mathematics instruction would be being conducted in accordance with the goals of the curriculum. Furthermore, while reflecting the experimental result on teachers' opinions of the previous curriculum, this study suggests alternatives and supporting plans so that at the teacher level the curriculum might be successfully implemented.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.95-106
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• 2019

This study examines how mental health promotion programs based on positive psychology brings changes in pleasant life, engaged life and meaningful life. This research considers 15 programs featuring 178 students during one semester. Pre-and-post examination of psychological well-being, depression and optimism were conducted to identify changes before and after the program. 56 students (32%) showed positive changes in all 3 factors. 15 students among them were selected for an in-depth interview for a qualitative case study. As a result of the quantitative study, a mental health promotion program based on positive psychology showed statistically significant positive changes in the pre-and-post examinations of psychological well-being, depression and optimism. Mental health promotion programs based on positive psychology showed positive changes in mental, cognitive and behavior perspectives in the fields of pleasant life, engaged life and meaningful life of college students. Specifically, positive psychology and thinking programs influenced students to become more enthusiastic and active in pursuing a pleasant life. Secondly, positive psychology intervention concerning engaged life brought a recognition of higher 'self-acceptance'. Thirdly, each individual spent more time and effort to experience more satisfaction and accomplishments. Lastly, subjects showed greater optimism after the program. Through the searching gratitude program, study subjects expanded their appreciation of their relationships with others.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.352-357
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Youth is the crucial stage between childhood and adulthood during which an individual acquires new behavior and practices including dietary habits, that may be influenced by his peers, social circle, nutrition knowledge level and other factors. The increase in awareness of young adults is of special importance from the perspective of health and prevention of obesity related chronic diseases. To measure the nutrition literacy level of university students using the Turkish version of Adolescent Nutrition Literacy Scale (ANLS). We evaluated their food habits using the Adolescent Food Habit Checklist (AFHC) tool and analysed it, if the eating habits were affected by nutrition literacy level. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on randomly selected 276 students studying in the Faculty of Health Sciences of Istanbul Aydin University, Turkey. Data was collected by means of ANLS and AFHC tools by face to face interview method. SPSS statistical sofware (IBM SPSS Statistics 19) was used to analyse the obtained data. RESULTS: Participants comprised of 47.1% males and 52.9% females with mean age of $20.0{\pm}1.60years$. Mean body mass index (BMI) was determined as $22.4{\pm}3.76$ ($23.6{\pm}3.63$ males $21.3{\pm}3.57$ females). Functional, interactive and critical nutritional literacy scores for male participants were $22.49{\pm}5.71$, $17.45{\pm}4.84$, and $28.28{\pm}7.13$ respectively (total $64.98{\pm}10.15$). For females the values were $24.66{\pm}5.13$, $20.17{\pm}4.28$, and $32.20{\pm}5.65$ (total $69.72{\pm}8.59$) respectively. For all the three sub-categories of nutrition literacy, the scores acquired by females were significantly higher than males (P < 0.001). In the AFHC tool, the mean score acquired by males were $9.26{\pm}4.18$ whereas for females it was $10.37{\pm}3.40$ significantly higher as compared to males (P = 0.007). CONCLUSION: The food habits of female participants were better than males; in accordance with their nutrition literacy status. It may be concluded that food habits are influenced by nutrition literacy and therefore stress much be given to increase the nutrition awareness among children youth as well as adults.

• Stress
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.268-276
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of the Motivational Interviewing (MI) based communication training for third-year nursing students. Methods: This study use a quasi-experimental design with pre and post-test to evaluate a 4-hour MI based communication training. This training was offered to 35 third-year nursing students who were participating in elective psychiatric nursing clerkship course. Each student completed pre and post questionnaire which includes assessment of motivational interviewing skills as measured by Helpful Response Questionnaire (HRQ). Also confidence (5 items) in using MI based communication knowledge and core skills were included. Data were independently analyzed by two coders and blindly rated the pre and post HRQ self-reported responses. Data were analyzed using paired t-test, descriptive analysis. Results: Nursing students showed increasing use of reflection (4.10~5.67, p<.001), decreasing use of closed-ended question (2.00~0.73, p<.001), road blocks (2.94~0.64, p<.001), and improve in depth of reflection (12.79~20.86 p<.001). But they did not show significant changes in open-ended question (2.01~2.33, p=.257). Confidence in the interview has increased overall, except for reflecting. The overall satisfaction with the training was quite high, and the most helpful training method was group and individual feedback. Conclusions: This study provides evidences that 4 hour-training is effective in core skills such as reflection and depth of reflection, and also confidence in interviews. It is necessary to develop step-by-step training modules to enhance undergraduate communication skills. It is necessary to develop an effective training strategy focused on students' confidence in open-ended questions and reflection.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.112-121
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• 2019

Title of management of cultural asset architectures made of wood managed by nation or local government is separated and there is a high concern about the disappearance of many national cultural asset architectures by fire. This study investigated the effectiveness of major installed appliances in terms of disaster prevention, and problems by early suppression in the event of fire and by mobilization of fire engines in depth. Also, this study derived problems by conducting an in-depth individual interview on interested parties for installation of fire extinguishing system by related law and to improve system to make realistic maintenance. As a result, it was identified that they have reached the positive aspects of protecting cultural asset architectures from disaster as fire by maintaining and managing facilities by establishing proper disaster prevention measures because they are surrounded by mountain or buildings are contiguous. Wooden cultural asset architectures are often excluded from regulation for installation of fire-fighting facilities under the Fire Services Act because most of wooden cultural assets are detached buildings, occupy small area, and are one-storied architecture. The best method is having extinguishing ability themselves according to the manual by making fire manual as management policy before the outbreak of fire. This study intends to suggest a follow-up study for practical considerations to establish or designate a professional management agency for them to protect important national cultural heritage buildings at the state level before they are destroyed by fire.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.143-160
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• 2019

This study investigated 15 science teachers' perception and practice on free semester and science assessment. We analyzed frequencies of teacher choice for closed questions and used constant comparative method for teacher description and individual interview. Most teachers determined a low ranking for changes in assessment methods and mentioned a lack of objectivity on free semester assessment, unsystematic free semester assessment, and more importance on student activity and interest in science instruction. Most teachers understood process-based assessment as a direction of free semester assessment and teachers mentioned positive aspects for students or teacher difficulties dependent on their perception on process-based assessment. Half of the teachers failed to implement student self-assessment and student peer-assessment due to subjectivity and complexity. Some teachers did not provide feedbacks to students due to a lack of time and did not use certain assessment methods due to a lack of knowledge of the assessment. Teachers who did not have an experience of discussions in a teacher learning community mentioned reasons regarding a small number of the same grade teachers and inactive attitude of colleagues. Teachers who did not participate in professional development programs mentioned a lack of teacher understanding of free semester, participation of the teacher in charge, and teacher choice of participation as reasons.