• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.496-509
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• 1995

This study was conducted to identify the attitude of ethical dilemmas in hospital nurses. Ethical dilemmas were categorized into four areas : human life area, clients area, nursing practice area, and nurses-co-worker area. 354 nurses working in clinical settings were selected in Seoul and Kangwon area. Data were gathered from 26, June to 10, July, 1994 by structured guestionnaires. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze the data. The results obtained from data were as follows : 1) In human life area mean score was 3.03. This area showed remarkabale individual differences between utilitarian and deontological position. 2) In clients area mean score was 3.94. It means that nurses tend to take a deontological position. 3) In nursing practice area mean score was 3.41. It means that nurses tend to take a slightly deontological position. 4) In nurses-co-worker area mean score was 3.88. It means that nurses tend to take a deontological position. To conclude, clinents area, nursing practice area, and nurses-co-worker area taken deontological position. Most nurse's primary concern was the 'welfare of the patients' which is to fundamental ethical professional practice. But nurses experienced more ethical dilemmas in human life area than others. Therefore, nurses should be prepared to make in-dependent decision that based on bio-ethics and professional ethics.

• Fourth Industrial Review
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.19-32
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• 2022

Purpose - As new technologies that have led the 4th industrial revolution spread after the COVID-19 pandemic, the business crisis of existing financial institutions and the threat of employee jobs are growing, especially in the financial sector. The purpose of this study is to propose a human-technology convergence curriculum for creating high value-added in financial institutions and upskilling financial manpower. Research design, data, and methodology - In this study, a curriculum was designed to strengthen job competency for Private Bankers, high-quality employees of a bank dealing with high-net-worth owners. The focus of the design is that learners acquire skills to use robo-advisors as a tool and supplement artificial intelligence ethics. Result - The curriculum is organized into a total of 16 classes, and the main contents are changes in the financial environment and financial consumers, the core technology of robo-advisors and AI ethics, and establishment and evaluation of hyper-personalized asset management strategies using robo-advisors. To achieve the educational goal, two evaluations are performed to derive individual tasks and team project results. Conclusion - Human-centered upskilling convergence education will contribute to improving employee value and expanding corporate high value-added business areas by utilizing new technologies as tools. It is expected that the development and application of convergence curriculum in various fields will continue to be advanced in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.161-180
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• 2021

This study investigates ethical dilemmas of teacher-librarians in their professional practice. Within the framework of "Librarians' Statement of Ethics" by Korean Library Association, the study used the survey and semi-structured interview with teacher-librarians. 259 teacher-librarians responded the survey and 5 teacher-librarians participated the interview. The survey was analyzed using descriptive statistics to find how often teacher-librarians experience ethical dilemmas. The semi-structured interview was transcribed and analyzed to draw the individual cases of teacher-librarians' ethical dilemmas. The results indicate that teacher-librarians experience ethical dilemmas in relation to information access and intellectual freedom most often. It was difficult for teacher-librarians to relate their professional duties with their expertise and that they were not clear on how to avoid copyright issues and how to deal with the balance between users and copyright holders. This study had implications that individual dilemma cases are so context-dependent that teacher-librarians had to make decisions individually. They tried hard to find the balance between protecting students from harmful resources and library ethics. Researchers and practitioners need focus more on finding where the balance is and how teacher-librarians deal with their ethical dilemmas.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2008

1. Objectives This study was purposed to find Dong's thoughts about the eight items of the "The Great Learning(Ta hsueh)" 2. Methods It was researched through comparative and overall study on the Dong-mu's thoughts in "Gyukchigo(格致藁)" 3. Results (1) Dongmu reinterpreted the eight items of the "The Great Learning(Ta hsueh)" as the relations between the subject and the object from the ontologic assumption of Affairs Mind Body Objects as the principle of existence and correlation, summarized into four categories, and classified into the individual and subjective affairs, and the universal and objective affairs. The four categories of the eight items of the "The Great Learning(Ta hsueh)" are correlated with the individual and the universal ethics of behavior, and connected with the element for overcoming the individual inclination of mind and wickedness. (2) After the individual and subjective human was established, the eight items of the "The Great Learning(Ta hsueh)" were classified into two categories, and coupled up with each two items('Being sincere in their thoughts' with 'Extending to the utmost their knowledge', 'Rectifying their hearts' with 'Investigating things', 'Cultivating their persons' with 'Illustrating illustrious virtue throughout the kingdom', 'Regulating their families' with 'Ordering their own states'). Being based on this, 'Being sincere in their thoughts', 'Rectifying their hearts', 'Cultivating their persons' and 'Regulating their families' were understood as four individual and subjective human-basic-essential activity. Especially, mind, heart, body and family(power) were regarded as the four basic element in human existence and activity, and in correlation with universe and society, set up as the subjective element in Dongmu's epistemology, theory of nature and emotion, theory of morality and theory of moral cultivation.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.129
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• pp.341-366
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• 2014

This Thesis analyzes the two forms of Confucian Golden Rule(Shu恕) that were proposed by Zhu Xi朱熹 and Dai Zhen戴震 each other, and researches their ethical significances. Zhu Xi don't regards Shu as universal ethics by itself, while Dai Zhen identify Shu as the ground of universal ethics, According to this thesis, Zhu Xi thought that Shu has a danger of immoral misusage in some situation because Shu is so simplistic form of identification. Because this, Zhu Xi, for the purpose of blocking arbitrary misusage of Shu and holding universality of ethics, suggests that moral sincerity(Zhong忠) of subject is necessary to practice of Shu. Dai Zhen, however, criticizes Zhu Xi's Ethical Structure. In Dai Zhen's view, Zhu xi's idea that the subject has to establish his own morality through Zhong before practice Shu cannot make him escape from subjectivity necessarily. In this point, Dai Zhen revive Shu. His Shu concept means the reciprocity of human desires to each other. But Dai Zhen's idea, as Zhu Xi worried, has a danger of immoral misusage in some situation. On this problem, this thesis elucidates that Dai Zhen' desire concept is not individual various desires but is common basic desires of existence, thereby attests that Dai Zhen's Shu is safe from immoral misusage. This thesis claim that even if Zhu Xi's and Dai Zhen's position is so different, the ethical aims of two scholars is same. They both attempted to overcome the evil of subjectivism and to procure universality of ethics, furthermore to accomplish social fairness. Consequently, this thesis claims that two scholars both walked in same way because both wanted to establish the universality of Shu and to pursue realization of social fairness.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• no.93
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• pp.121-148
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• 2011

The uncodifiability thesis in anti-theory argument is the typical claim for the impossibility of ethical theorizing. Based on this thesis reflecting particularism strongly, contemporary anti-theorists in ethics argue that individual decisions in particular situations cannot be codified into moral principles. The uncodifiability thesis needs to be examined by the following two issues: a theoretical issue of whether the object of codification is moral practices or not; and a practical one of whether moral principles present the decision procedure of moral reasoning or not. The characteristics of practical reasoning show that the object of codification in ethics, as moral theorists insist, is not moral practices but morality itself. Also moral theorists, contrary to the criticisms of anti-theorists, insist that moral reasoning is comprised of not only moral principles but also moral judgments with contextual knowledge and moral wisdom. In brief, moral theorists make a persuasive response to the uncodifiability thesis when they do neither intend to codify moral practices into moral principles nor to deduce the moral reasoning from moral principles. For them moral judgments should be examined by the moral principles which present universal and idealistic morality.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.397-405
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• 2021

With the recent phenomenon of the Intelligence Information Society, the cyber security paradigm has begun to change. In particular, the increase of the interconnectedness of the hyperlinked society has extended the scope of damage that can be caused by cyber threats to the real world. In addition to that, it can also be a risk to any given individual who could accompany a crisis that has to do with public safety or national security. Adolescents who are digital natives are more likely to be exposed to cyber threats, which is mainly due to the fact that they are significantly more involved in cyber activities and they also possess insufficient security comprehension and safety awareness. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen cyber security capabilities of every young individual, so that they can effectively protect themselves against cyber threats and better manage their cyber activities. It examines the changes of the security paradigm and the necessity for cyber security education, which is in direct accordance to the characteristics of a connected society that further suggests directions and a basic system of cyber security education, through a detailed analysis of the current state of Domestic and Overseas Cyber Security Education. The purpose of this study was to define cybersecurity competencies that are necessary within an intelligent information society, and to propose a regular curriculum for strengthening cybersecurity competencies, through the comparison and meticulous analysis of both domestic and overseas educational systems that are pertinent to cybersecurity competencies. Accordingly, a cybersecurity competency system was constructed, by reflecting C3-Matrix, which is a cyber competency system model of digital citizens. The cybersecurity competency system consists of cyber ethics awareness, cyber ethics behavior, cyber security and cyber safety. In addition to this, based on the basic framework of the cybersecurity competency system, the relevant education that is currently being implemented in the United States, Australia, Japan and Korea were all compared and analyzed. From the insight gained through the analysis, the domestic curriculum was finally presented. The main objective of this new unified understanding, was to create a comprehensive and effective cyber security competency curriculum.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.679-691
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was aimed at identifying the types of perceptions of ethical issues among perioperative nurses. Methods: Q-methodology focusing on individual subjectivity was used with data collected in November 2016. Thirty-four Q-statements were selected and scored by the 35 participants on a 9-point scale with normal distribution. Participants were perioperative nurses working in advanced general hospitals and general hospitals. The data were analyzed using the PC-QUANL program. Results: A total of 35 perioperative nurses were classified into 4 factors based on the following viewpoints: self-centered (type 1), onlooking and avoiding (type 2), patient-centered (type 3), and problem-centered (type 4). The 4 factors accounted for 57.84% of the total variance. Individual contributions of factors 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 41.80%, 7.18%, 5.20%, and 3.66%, respectively. Conclusion: The major contribution of this study is the clarification of perioperative nurses' subjective perceptions of ethical issues. These findings can be used in formulating effective strategies for nursing educators, professional nurses, and nursing administrators to improve ethical decision-making abilities and to perform ethical nursing care by the appropriate management of ethical issues in everyday nursing practice.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2013

Radiographic examinations are used to discover and define the type and extent of disease in many clinical situations. Currently, it is common for dental patients to receive dental radiographic examinations on a routine schedule with little variation in spite of different patient signs and symptoms. Such routine scheduling of radiographic examinations may result in unnecessary patient exposure. There is also the possibility of under-utilization of radiography; this can result in inadequate or excessively delayed diagnosis. Patient selection criteria are descriptions of clinical conditions derived from patient signs, symptoms and history that identify patients who are likely to benefit from a particular radiographic examination. It makes possible making individual decisions based on history, clinical examination and risk factors. The radiographic selection criteria of dentistry have been revised in accordance with recent guidelines and peer-reviewed research in USA and Europe, but the studies of these subjects are not sufficient in our nation. In this review article, the relating factors and update necessity of radiographic selection criteria are discussed.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.93-102
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• 1999

This paper is to clarify the concepts of "sound home" and "healthy family" Even though "sound home" and "healthy family have different meanings and definitions. many researchers are using them in a mixed ways. Therefore through this paper I tried to make distinction of the meanings of the above concepts as below: 1. Sound Home : Basic and fundamental social units and environment which have strong and healthy family members and performs well not only family function but also have attitudes and willingness to perform family function and maintain their family value and ethics. 2. Healthy Family : Social units which have strong and healthy family members and develop individual personal development -their physical emotional social moral development and self-esteem self-achievemet -and have good interaction enhancement skills- communication decision making stress managing strategies- and also maintain family systems. Whereas "sound home" is more broad concept related to Home Econom cs "healthy family" is more related family relations and interaction.quot; is more related family relations and interaction.