• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.585-600
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• 2011

South Korean central government has launched the first comprehensive climate change policies in 1999, and they have been renewed every three year. The third policies ended in 2007. However, it is quite rare to analyze whether the climate change policies are effective against climate change. In this context, this paper aims at analyzing the effectiveness of climate change policy which was launched for seven years from 1999 to 2007 in South Korea. The effectiveness analysis of policy can be done in terms of the individual policy and/or all policies being synthesized as a comprehensive unit. Employing the latter methodology, this paper analyzed the effectiveness on the basis of economic growth as independent variable, greenhouse gas emission as dependent variable, and energy use and its process as intervening variable. Seven analytic indicators covering the three variables were selected on the basis of two points in time before and after climate change policy having been launched. The seven indicators were analyzed in terms of three aspects. They were the change in the state of each indicator, the effectiveness of climate change policy from 1999 to 2007, and the effectiveness process from 1999 to 2007. The effectiveness process was analyzed in terms of the relational context and its flow processing path. Economic growth was advanced remarkably with increase in the total consumption of energy. As a result, greenhouse gas emission increased. However, energy efficiency increased with significant decrease in energy intensity, carbon intensity, and energy elasticity. The expansion of new and renewable energy over total energy supply was not effective significantly on the decrease in greenhouse gas emission. The processing path of climate change policy being effective advanced toward increase in energy efficiency through energy intensity rather than toward sustainable development. Such a way of the effectiveness of climate change policy implies that most policies focused on adaptation rather than on mitigation.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.457-474
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• 2002

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to construct the Organizational Effectiveness Model that explains and predicts the effectiveness of a nursing unit from the organizational-behavioral perspective. Furthermore, this study arms to develop a comprehensive organizational effectiveness model. Method : The subjects of this study consist of two groups: 455 nurses and 538 patients. Staff nurses who were employed and twenty patients from each ward in four university hospitals located in Seoul, Pusan and Kyungki were involved. Data were collected from October 4th to October 14th in 2000 by self-report questionnaire. Data were analyzed by the SAS for the general characteristics of the subjects, descriptive statistics, test for the reliability and correlations. Fitness of the hypothetical model were tested using Lisral 8.12(a) program. Result : With the findings from this study, duration of employment and the locus of control among the characteristics of the nurses, job enrichment among the characteristics of nursing job were direct or indirect predictors of the organizational effectiveness of the nursing units. Group dynamics in the nursing units and the characteristics of organizational behavior were mediating variables for the organizational effectiveness of the nursing units, and affect directly and indirectly on the individual outcome and group outcome to the great extends. Conclusion : Therefore, nursing managers ought to develop career ladder program and based job enrichment program in order to improve the organizational effectiveness of the nursing units. Additionally, programs to improve organizational effectiveness via improve group dynamics and characteristics of the organizational behaviors should be developed.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.47-63
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to verify the effectiveness of an internal family systems therapy program aimed at increasing ego-identity of middle-aged women. The objectives of this program were for middle-aged women to differentiate the self of internal systems, to identify constraints impinging on an individual part, to release constraints impinging on an individual part, to harmonize the internal family, and to enhance ego-identity. 31 middle-aged women ranged in age from 40 to 60. Two groups were identified as equivalents for the study in the pre-test. The program of this experimental group was implemented twice a week for 120 minutes per each session over a 6-week period. The pre-test(Aug. 29. 2006), the post-test(Oct. 20. 2006) and the follow-up test(Nov. 20. 2006) were implemented in order to verify the effectiveness of the programs. The participants who were absent more than three times in the program were excluded from the post-test and follow-up test. Eventually, the data in 31 persons(15 for the internal family systems therapy, 16 for the control group) were analyze to verify the effectiveness of the program. The instruments used in the study were the ego-identity scale. The data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA, simple main effect, post-hoc t-test, means and standard deviations. And the program was from Sep. 5. to Oct. 20. 2006. The findings of the study were as follows: The internal family systems therapy program had significant effects on enhancing the ego-identity. There was a large increase of the ego-identity in the intervention group, compared with control group at post treatment and follow-up after 1 month which indicated the continuity of intervention effect. However, in the control group, there were no changes according to the time.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.260-265
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to evaluate the quantitative effectiveness of region of interest (ROI) setting in MR-DTI analysis with and without fMRI activation results. Methods: Ten right-handed normal volunteers participated in this study. DTI and fMRI datasets for each subject were obtained using a 1.5T MRI system. For neural fiber tracking, ROIs were drawn using two methods: The drawing points were located in the fMRI activation areas or areas randomly selected by users. In this study, the neural fiber tract targeted the corticospinal tract (CST) Quantitative analyses were performed and compared. The pixel numbers passing through the fiber tract in the individual brain volume were counted. The ratios between the ROI pixel numbers and the extracted fiber pixel numbers, and the ratios between the fiber pixel numbers and the whole-brain pixel numbers were also calculated. Results: According to our results, extracted CST fiber tract in which the ROI was drawn with fMRI activation areas showed higher distribution than drawing the ROI by users' hands. In addition, the quantitatively measured values represented higher pixel distribution: The counted average pixel numbers were 4553.8 and 1943.3. The average ratios of the ROI areas were 33.87 and 22.52. The average percentages of the individual whole-brain volume numbers were 2.06 and 0.87. Conclusion: Results of this study appear to indicate that use of this method can allow for more objectives and significant for study of the recovery of neural fiber mechanisms and brain rehabilitation.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.654-661
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• 2000

Hypertension is the major risk factor for cardiovascular disease which is considered the leading cause of death in Korea. Since nonpharmarologic dietary intervention is recommended as the first step in the management of hypertension, evaluation of intervention programs is needed to formulate strategies for improving patients' dietary adherence. This study was designed to evaluate the overall effectiveness of a hypertension nutrition education program (HNEP) at a public health center, by assessing changes in nutrition knowledge, food attitude, self-efficacy, dietary behavior, and nutrient intake after program completion. An HNEP was conducted in Suwon city for 5 months in 1999 by a public health center. The program provided 3 sessions of group education with individual nutrition counseling. Thirty-five patients participated fully in the program out of 62 enrollees. Data about nutrition knowledge, food attitude, self-efficacy, dietary behavior, and intake (24-hour recall) were collected before (baseline) and after the program. Post program results indicate the following : 1) nutrition knowledge and perception of importance of nutrition significantly increased, 2) food attitudes also improved, 3) the self-efficacy for maintaining a low salt diet was increased significantly, whereas self-efficacy for maintaining a low fat diet or dietary guidelines was not improved, 4) frequency of intake of processed food, animal fat, and sweets as well as frequency of dining out were significantly reduced, 5) nutrient intake was not improved after the program, 6) the most serious barrier for participating in the program and practicing diet therapy was lack of time and willingness. In conclusion, it appears that HNEP might improve food attitudes, individual perceptions and self-efficacy for desirable eating behavior, but it might not improve dietary intake. It follows then, that a long term intervention program may need to increase effectiveness of patient dietary adherence.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.243-255
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• 2021

This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of the use of distance-evaluation tools and methods among students with learning difficulties from the teachers' point of view, to achieve this goal. A scale was built, and the psychometric characteristics were validated. It consisted, in its final form, of 17 items distributed on four axes, in addition to three open questions. It was applied to a random sample of (149) teachers of students with learning difficulties in Makkah Region. The results showed that teachers' keenness to encourage students with learning difficulties, so that they would not feel frustrated with the distance learning process. It was also evident that teachers did not use achievement portfolios in the evaluation process. In connection with the appropriate evaluation methods, the majority indicated the use of work sheets and visual evaluation methods that rely on audio and visual skills, such as presenting videos, pictures, audio and games, and applying short objective tests. Among the proposals to improve evaluation methods and tools: Individual evaluation, attention to individual treatment, obligating personal attendance of students to school, splitting the required tasks, and not increasing the skills required to be mastered. As for the obstacles that teachers face: Lack of time, difficulty in communicating with students with distance learning difficulties and problems related to the Internet such as interruption, weakness, or lack of availability.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.80-89
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• 2004

This study focused on individual health education for people with hypertension who were being seen in public health centers. The program was an adjusted intervention program that considered the characteristics of each individual and reflected the individual's will to change. Each individual had a different lifestyle with different characteristics and habits so the study considered these individual's characteristics. A comparison was done of knowledge related to hypertension, self-efficacy, and self-care in these individuals. In order to determine the effectiveness of education given by the nurses the variables were measured before and after the individual health education program. The participants in this study were 85 people with hypertension who were seen at a public health center in G city. They were assigned to an experimental group (43) and a control group (42). A tool developed by Park Young-Im (1994) was used to measure knowledge related to hypertension and self-efficacy. A tool developed by Lee Young-Whee (1994) was used for self-care. Data collection was done for 10 weeks from March 24 to May 31, 2003 using interviews with questionnaires. The following is a summary of the results of the study. Hypothesis 1, 'the experimental group which had the individual health education will have higher knowledge scores on hypertension than the control group that did not have the individual health education' was supported (t=4.17, P=0.00). Hypothesis 2, 'the experimental group which had the individual health education will have higher self-efficacy scores than the control group that did not have the individual health education' was supported (t=4.06, P=0.00). Hypothesis 3, 'the experimental group which had the individual health education will have better self-care ability than the control group that did not have the individual health education' was supported (t=4.94, P=0.00). Based on the results of this study, the public health centers should develop an educational program that uses a variety of visual aids and assess the effects of the education on patients with different chronic diseases. After the development of an inclusive education program which will standardize health education effectively and provide a variety of teaching methods, study is needed to measure changes in lifestyle after education and to determine how much knowledge related to hypertension, self-efficacy, and self-care increase

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.595-603
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• 2002

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of clinical nurse's locus of control of personality on job stress and job satisfaction and organizational commitment out of organizational effectiveness. Methods : The subjects were 463 staff nurses, who were employed in four university hospitals located in Seoul, Pusan and Kyungki-do. Data was collected from October 4th to October 14th in 2000 by a self-report questionnaire. Data was analyzed by the SAS for the general characteristics of the subjects, descriptive statistics, test for reliability and correlations. The effect of variables were tested using the Lisrel 8.12(a) program. Results : With the findings from this study, the internal-external locus of control affects job stress directly. Also it affects job satisfaction directly and via job stress indirectly. But it affects organizational commitment only via job stress and job satisfaction indirectly. Direct effect of locus of control to organizational commitment is not significant. Job stress affects job satisfaction and organizational commitment out of organizational effectiveness directly. Finally, job satisfaction was direct predictor of organizational commitment. Conclusion : Therefore, nursing managers ought to develop social learning programs to change the perception of individual personality and job stress management programs in order to improve organizational effectiveness.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.45
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• pp.250-287
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• 2001

This study concerns therapeutic effects and long-term effects of Therapy Dog Assisted Program (TDAP) on autistic children. Subjects participating in this study are two groups of Korean elementary school boys of the same age (twelve years old) : an experimental group and a controlled group of equal number of children (six children in total). The thirteen different sessions of the first intervention and eight different sessions of the second intervention were performed over six months (from April 20th to October 27th, 2000). Two standard instrument (ASIEP, E-CLAC) are used as major instruments in order to evaluate the effectiveness of TDAP. Evidene from the present study indicates that the children participating in TDAP program achieved a greater degree of improvement in their social interaction in comparison with the counterpart. The present study also demonstrates that, in general, the effectiveness of TDAP somewhat decreased after the termination of TDAP with some exceptions. However we also found that the effectiveness of TDAP were maintained in the some behavioral area such as bowing to teacher, play for cooperation with peers, which activities were sufficiently offered TDAP to the children. The questions of possible influence of parental support and other family background of each individual autistic child on the effect and long-term effect of TDAP need to be addressed in future study.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.159-175
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• 1999

For the past decade, although there have been many studies which examined factors influencing the extent of EDI systems implementation, it is very hard to find out studies which directly investigated what the effectiveness of EDI systems are, and which factors contribute to the successful implementation of EDI systems. In this regard, this research aims to explore for the factors which constitute the effectiveness of EDI systems as perceived, based on a survey from 202 companies. The major steps of the current research are as follows. First, in order to identify important factors constituting the effectiveness of EDI systems, previous research related to the effectiveness of EDI systems was reviewed and analyzed. Second, individual items which can be considered as candidates to represent the effectiveness of EDI systems were derived from this previous research review, and a survey questionnaire was developed using those derived items. Based on the developed survey questionnaire, a pretest was administered at several domestic business firms with experiences of EDI systems. Third, survey questionnaires were distributed to and collected from the 202 companies which experienced EDI implementation. Accordingly, this research derived out five factors constituting the effectiveness of EDI systems from the result of a multivariate data analysis: strategic advantage, time reduction in business process, accuracy improvement, cost reduction, and improvement of business process quality. It was also interesting to find that the factors of EDI effectiveness are divided into three levels, similarly to three levels of the Anthony's hierarchical model of organization(Anthony, 1965): strategic, managerial, and operational levels. Furthermore, from the levels of derived factors, we developed a conceptual model which explains the possible causal relations of those factors in a hierarchical manner.