• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.75-87
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• 2018

We designed this study for verifying the differences of causes and individual results of job stress between Koreans in Korea and Chinese in China of a same company. The results in the study are as follow. Significant differences between two groups were identified in job stressors: Koreans showed higher levels than Chinese for factors like inter-group conflicts, supervision/evaluation, job overload, task characteristics, socio-demographic factors, and Chinese showed higher levels than Koreans for factors like job conflicts, job ambiguity, family-related factors. We also identified that levels of stress perceived by individuals as anxiety, depression, and physical symptoms of Koreans are higher than those of Chinese. As to the influence of job stressors on stress level, Koreans show significant results for supervision/evaluation, decision making/responsibility, family-related factors, and Chinese show significant results for family-related factors, social support, socio-demographic factors. Based on the results of this study, implications, limitations, and future research topics were discussed.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.215-236
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to examine the differences in the critical success factors for ERP adoption suggested by the system managers and the ERP consultants. The survey results indicated the following findings. First, there was no significant difference in the relative importance of the critical success factors between the system managers and the ERP consultants. Both groups agree that 'top manager's concern and support' is the most critical factor and that 'user involvement' is the second. However, the system managers tend to think 'training and education of end users' and 'cooperations among the project participants' more important than the consultants do. Second, both groups agree that the most important ERP contribution should be 'improvements in the business processes.' They also agree that the least important aspect is 'ERP's contribution to the individual's productivity.' In overall, the ordered lists of ERP evaluation criteria according to their importances were of no significant difference between the groups. Third the two groups showed differences when they were asked to evaluate the importance of the critical success factors for each of the ERP evaluation criterion. In general, the system managers tend to put more emphasis on 'training and education of end users' and 'adaptation of end users to the changed processes,' whereas the consultants tend to emphasize more on 'top managers' interest and supports' and 'project manager's capabilities and performance.' The differences in the critical success factors presented by the two groups indicated that more efforts need to be devoted to understanding other participant's interests and concerns in an ERP project team. Better coordinations based on the mutual understandings could improve the chance of achieving a success in adopting ERP packages.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1-22
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to offer basic data on family rite education, as well as to suggest future directions for family rites by surveying differences in the understanding and the practice of family rites among female undergraduates, who will be the future leaders of our society. General proclivity toward, and differences between understanding and practice of family rites, as well as the effect of socio-demographic variables on these differences, were further verified with a one-way ANOVA, a t-test, and a Duncan's Multiple Range Test. This study had two main findings. First, the gap between understanding and practice in family rites, ordered from largest to smallest by sub-sphere, was found to be: coming-of-age ceremonies, birthday rituals, ancestral rituals, funeral rites, and wedding ceremonies. Second, as for the results of the analysis of the difference between understanding and practice of family rites in female undergraduates according to socio-demographic variables, among a total of 18 variables, significant differences were found in: own religion, brother's rank, mother's religion, father's religion, mother's job, place where the individual grew up, having experienced family rites, education. place of residence, and monthly income. In the face of a changing era and environment, the basic spirit of family rites has not changed. However, a new harmony between tradition and modem times is needed. This can be achieved through the establishment of a suitable form of rites for the present age, while taking on a modem acceptance of the significance traditionally associated with these rites.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.141-150
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• 2014

Objectives The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of attachment security, social support and health-related burden in the prediction of psychological distress and the mediation effects of social support and health-related burden in relationship between attachment security and psychological distress. Methods Finally, 161 patients were included for the analysis. Chi-square test and independent samples t-test were used for comparing differences between depressive/anxious group and non-depressive/non-anxious group. For evaluating the relationship among attachment security, social support, psychological distress and health-related burden, structural equation modeling analysis were performed. Results 40.7% and 32.0% of the patients have significant depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms, respectively. In the analysis for testing the differences between groups who have psychological distress and who have not, there were no significant differences of sociodemographic factors and medical characteristics between groups, except for association between depressive symptoms and type of surgery (p = 0.01). Contrary to sociodemographic and medical characteristics, there were significant differences of health-related burden and two coping resources (attachment security and social support) between groups (all p < 0.01), except for the support from medical team in between anxious group and non-anxious group (p = 0.20). In the structural equation model analysis (Model fit : chi-square/df ratio = 0.8, root mean square error of approximation = 0.000, comparative fit index = 1.000, non-normed fit index =0.991), attachment security and social support emerged as an important predictor of psychopathology. Conclusions Attachment security and social support are important factors affecting the psychological distress. We suggest that individual attachment style and the social support state must be considered to approach the newly diagnosed breast cancer patients with psychological distress.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.24-33
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• 2001

The purpose of this paper is to examine the differences of user´s satisfaction of development elements of natural recreation forest(NFR) developed by public and private bodies in order to answer the research question: What is the differences of user´s satisfaction of development elements of NFR\ulcorner After reviewing the literature, mechanism of outdoor recreation, and development elements in NRF, we constructed the conceptual framework and have formulated the hypothesis of this research. We had obtained data through a questionnaire, which surveyed 584 visitors at 10 of the 72 natural recreation forests in Korea in 1999. We have analyzed the data using he descriptive statistical method, the mean difference test, and logistic regression method. We have found that 1) all the development elements have turned out to be significantly different from the mean difference test, 2) the two elements of atmosphere and activity have turned out to be statistically significant in determining the difference of NFR developed by public and private body in logistic regression analysis while user´s satisfaction in recreational resources, facilities and service make no differences between public and private NRF, 3) the higher the degree of user´s satisfaction in atmosphere and activity at NFR, the more the NFR developed by private body, and 4) their relative contribution of atmosphere and activities on whether the NFR is developed by public or private body have been turned out to have 0.258 and 0.242 respectively, which have a similar importance. The research results suggest that a guideline for the creation of marketable NFR by public and private developer, and development of use-programs and recreational atmosphere be recommended in the planning and development process of NRF. The approach and anlaysis method adopted by this research is highly useful for an evaluation of NRF developed by the tow bodies and development of devices for increasing user´s satisfaction and marketing positioning of NRF by the tow developers. It is recommended that more empirical study on individual development elements affecting user´s satisfaction be performed in the future.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.31-39
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• 2001

Bandwidth and Pitch Range are very important in the area of distinguish of phone which is one of many areas of phonetics and distinguish the individual way of phone. So if each constitution has a trait in its phone, they are important to judge the constitutions. In this report we try to understand the relativity between constitutions and Formant Bandwidth, Pitch Range and the number of syllables in a minute which are important to distinguish the phone. And we try to make judging the constitutions objective. 1. We analyzed Formant Bandwidth and there are some differences between constitutions but it doesn't have any importance in the statistics. 2. We analyzed Pitch Range and there are some differences between constitutions but it doesn't have any importance in the statistics. 3. We analyzed the number of syllables in a minute and there are some differences between constitutions but it doesn't have any importance in the statistics. As mentioned above there are differences between constitutions in Formant Bandwidth, Pitch Range and the numbers of syllables in a minute, but they don't have any importance in the statistics. However if we increase the number of samples and remove noise, there will be great possibility to find some important meanings.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare lower extremity muscle activities and ankle joint angles between different foot strike patterns (forefoot strike, heelfoot strike) during stair ascent walking. Methods: The subjects of this study were 22 males who walked in each foot strike pattern on ascent stairs at a speed of 85 beats/min. During stair walking with the two types of foot strike patterns, the muscle activities of the rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, medial gastrocnemius, hamstring, and gluteus medius were measured. Additionally, ankle joint angles for inversion, eversion, dorsi flexion, and plantar flexion were recorded. Each participant underwent the experiment three times, with the foot strike pattern randomized. Results were averaged according to the foot strike pattern. Results: Significant differences in ankle angles were observed across all phases according to foot strike pattern. Muscle activities in the lower extremities showed significant differences in all phases except the swing 1 phase. Moreover, differences in foot movement trajectory were noted depending on the foot strike pattern. Conclusion: Walking on ascent stairs elicited differences in lower extremity muscle activities and ankle joint angles based on foot strike pattern. These findings can serve as foundational data for selecting a suitable foot strike pattern tailored to individual patient conditions when training patients in walking on ascent stairs.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.267-297
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• 2017

The anatomical structure of the brain reflects a great amount of information about an individual's cognitive ability. The present study reviewed research on developmental changes in brain structure in relation to biological maturation and intellectual growth focusing on children and adolescents. The purpose of the present study was to achieve an understanding of how children and adolescents' brain matures with development and also to examine whether individual differences in intelligence influences the development of brain structure. The first section introduces methods of measurement and analysis of brain structure, such as voxel-based morphometry and structural covariance. The second section reviews studies on the biological maturation of the brain and variables that influence brain development such as sex, environmental factors, and mental disorders, etc. The third section introduces the Parieto-Frontal Integration Theory of intelligence and reviews studies on the association between intelligence and developmental changes of the brain, including changes in structural covariance and functional connectivity. We conclude with a discussion on educational/clinical implications of this work and directions for future studies.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.77-90
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• 2019

In this study, we investigated which message provider is effective in a virtual reality (VR) environment for individuals with different needs with regard to affect (need for affect [NFA]) and cognition (need for cognition [NFC]). According to Haddock et al (2008), individuals with high NFA were more influenced to change their behavior by the emotional aspects of a message, whereas individuals with high NFC were more influenced by the cognitive aspects of the same message. We hypothesized that individual differences in needs could affect not only receipt of the message but also the acceptability of the message provider. For example, someone with high NFA might accept messages more easily from an acquaintance than from experts. In the VR environment, the appearance of the message provider could be manipulated in a way that makes him or her more familiar to the person receiving the message. Accordingly, in order to promote the effectiveness of message providers in a VR environment according to the individual difference in needs, we measured the level of the preference and self-efficacy according to needs (NFA or NFC), type of message provider (expert, significant other, or other), and VR device (text or VR). Contrary to what we expected, the results showed that there was no matching effect between the needs and the message provider. However, we found that level of preference and self-efficacy were significantly high when a VR device was worn only by participants with high NFA. This result suggests that a VR environment is more suitable for providing health advice to people with high NFA. In addition, the novelty of this study is that we tried to find the tailored message provider on health advice in VR environment and it is in the early stage of the research.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.94-109
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• 2000

The chances of disease pattern increased the importance of Health-promoting Lifestyle and a large part of the Health-promoting Lifestyle is associated with individual's habit. Health-promoting Lifestyle among nurses is very important because nurses could be a role model of patients and possibly influence many patients. The purpose of this study was oat on1y to assess how hospital nurses practice their Health-promoting Lifestyle but also to identify those affecting determinants. The subjects were 392 nurses working at 3 different hospital in Seoul. These data were collected by self administered questionnaire from April 27 to May 20, 2000. This study examined Health-promoting Lifestyle using In Sook Park's model, individual characteristics. Behavior-specific Cognitions and Affect factors using Pender's model and tried to fine out their relationships. The instruments used in this study were Health-promoting Lifestyle Profile developed by In Sock Park(1995). Likert's four-point scale was used also in this research. The percentage, mean standard deviation, AVNOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression in the SAS package were used to analyze the data. The results of this study were as follows; 1. 52.3% of sample were aged between 25 and 29, 67.1% were single, 55.6% were university graduates, 51.8% earned 1.5 to 2.0 million won, 57.9% slept for d to 8 hours, 74.5% stated they were healthy. 2. 32.7% of sample worked in surgical gird department, 82.4% worked in 3 shift, 26.3% have been working as nurses for 5 to 7 years. Average score of Perceived self-efficacy was 3.63, Perceived benefits of action was 3.25, Social support was 2.75, and Perceived barriers to action was 1.87 which was the lowest score. 3. The average score if the performance in Health-promoting Lifestyle variable was 2.45 which was lower than previous study. The sanitary life Was 3.18 which was the highest score, harmonious relationship 3.13, emotional support 2.90. The variable with the highest degree of performance was the sanitary life, whereas the one with the west degree was the health diet. 4. There were no significant difference in perceived benefits of action with individual's a character, but in Perceived bait his of action there were significant differences with age(p<.01), marital status(p<.05), housing(p<.05), and Perceived health status(p<.05). In Perceived self-efficacy, there were significant differences with educational level(p<05), sleeping hours(p<.05), and BMI(p<.05). In Social support here were significant difference with housing and sleeping hours.