• 제목/요약/키워드: Indirect experiences

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재가치매 환자의 미충족요구와 가족부양자의 돌봄경험 예측모형 (A Prediction Model for Unmet Needs of Elders with Dementia and Caregiving Experiences of Family Caregivers)

  • 최소라;박명화
    • 대한간호학회지
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    • 제46권5호
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    • pp.663-674
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    • 2016
  • Purpose: The purposes of this study were to develop and test a prediction model for caregiving experiences including caregiving satisfaction and burden in dementia family caregivers. Methods: The stress process model and a two factor model were used as the conceptual frameworks. Secondary data analysis was done with 320 family caregivers who were selected from the Seoul Dementia Management Survey (2014) data set. In the hypothesis model, the exogenous variable was patient symptomatology which included cognitive impairment, behavioral problems, dependency in activity of daily living and in instrumental activity of daily living. Endogenous variables were caregiver's perception of dementia patient's unmet needs, caregiving satisfaction and caregiving burden. Data were analysed using SPSS/WINdows and AMOS program. Results: Caregiving burden was explained by patient symptomatology and caregiving satisfaction indicating significant direct effects and significant indirect effect from unmet needs. The proposed model explained 37.8% of the variance. Caregiving satisfaction was explained by patient symptomatology and unmet needs. Mediating effect of unmet needs was significant in the relationship between patient symptomatology and caregiving satisfaction. Conclusion: Results indicate that interventions focusing on relieving caregiving burden and enhancing caregiver satisfaction should be provided to caregivers with high levels of dementia patients' unmet needs and low level of caregiving satisfaction.

피아제의 인지발달학적 측면에서 영화가 아동 배우에게 어떠한 영향을 미치는가? (How Does the Movie Affect Child Actors (Actresses) on Piaget's Cognitive Developmental Theory?)

  • 김봉석;박지웅;황준원;유희정;곽영숙;반건호
    • Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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    • 제24권2호
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    • pp.65-70
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    • 2013
  • Many child actors have appeared in various movies as the Korean film industry continues to evolve. As more children appear in violent and raunchy scenes, there are more concerns about the movie's effect on child actors. In some Western countries, many strategies have been developed for child actors, but for the Korean movie industry, the conditions are still poor for them. Although children who enter the concrete operational period are able to think logically and systematically, they are yet limited by their experiences. Adolescents in the formal operational period try to deal with all of the possibilities and assumptions logically and systematically with freedom from realistic contents and experiences. This period is very important because adolescents become more sensitive to others' feelings and they should develop their ego identity. Several studies have reported the indirect experiences through media including how the movie affected children and adolescents negatively. Depending on the individual's morality, judgment and emotional status, these effects were variable and inconsistent and could be relieved by several interventions. We could anticipate much bigger emotional effect on child actors who are acting directly and then are confronting themselves in the scene. Therefore, we suggest that the emotional effects of the movies on child actors can be managed properly by considering children's cognitive ability and emotional status, and establishing protective strategies before they are exposed to problematic scenes. Of course, it should be followed by evaluating them after the exposure and with follow-up management, if necessary.

초등 경제 교육을 위한 시뮬레이션 코스웨어 개발 (Development of a Simulation Courseware for Economics Class in Elementary school)

  • 노은희;이재무
    • 정보교육학회논문지
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.23-32
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    • 2008
  • 본 연구는 초등학교 경제교육에서 자기주도적 학습능력을 신장시키기 위하여 상황적 절차적 시뮬레이션 기법을 적용한 시뮬레이션형 코스웨어를 개발하는 것이다. 소비 교육은 자신의 의사 결정에 따라 적극적이고 합리적인 소비 활동을 할 수 있도록 다양한 경험들을 제공하여야 할 필요가 있다. 그러나 직접적인 체험학습이 어려운 이유로, 교실 상황에서 이루어지고 있는 경제 교육은 보고 듣고 이해하는 형태의 지식중심으로 이루어지는 문제점이 있다. 따라서, 본 연구는 학습자가 다양한 간접 경험의 기회를 가질 수 있는 시뮬레이션 기법을 적용한 코스웨어를 개발한다. 본 코스웨어를 초등학교 5학년 학생들에게 적용하여 코스웨어 사용 전후를 비교하였다. 상황적 시뮬레이션을 통해 어떤 상황에서 어떻게 행동할지를 스스로 판단하고 반응할 수 있는 능력을 기름으로써 합리적인 소비생활을 위한 정의적인 영역에 긍정적인 결과를 가져왔다. 그리고 직접적인 체험활동이 필요한 제제를 절차적 시뮬레이션을 통해 간접체험 함으로써 교실에서 행해지는 경제학습의 한계를 극복하는데 발전적인 결과를 얻었다.

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대전시 중·고등학생의 다문화사회 인식과 다문화교육 경험이 문화적 민감성에 미치는 영향: 다문화교육 필요성 인식의 매개효과를 중심으로 (Effects of Multicultural Society Recognition and Multicultural Education Experience on Cultural Sensitivity of Middle and High School Students in Daejeon: Focusing on the Mediating Role of Multicultural Education Needs Perception)

  • 김정현;송진숙;문희강;이명희
    • 대한가정학회지
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    • 제51권1호
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    • pp.107-118
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    • 2013
  • The objective of this study is to underline the important role of needs for multicultural education in the formation of middle and high school students' cultural sensitivity for the sake of coping multicultural society. This study focuses on how adolescents' multicultural society recognition and education experiences shape and influence their cultural sensitivity, with the mediating role of multicultural education needs perception. A survey 303 middle school students and 236 high school students Daejeon was conducted. The results of this study as follows. First, high school students' open minded and social participation were significantly higher than those of middle school students, while the latter multicultural education experience level was higher than the former. Second, it was found that multicultural society recognition and education experiences have an indirect impact on cultural sensitivity mediating multicultural education needs perception as well as have a direct effect. However, adolescents' cultural sensitivity was shaped by mediating role of multicultural education needs perception rather than by direct effect of multicultural society recognition and education experiences. A major contribution of this research is the identification of the role of multicultural education needs perception in fostering adolescents' cultural sensitivity.

빈곤청소년의 꿈과 미래 설계경험에 대한 연구 (A Qualitative Study on Planning Experiences of Dreams and Vision of the Poor Youth)

  • 김경희;박근혜
    • 사회복지연구
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    • 제44권1호
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    • pp.113-134
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    • 2013
  • 본 연구는 빈곤청소년의 꿈과 미래 설계경험을 탐색하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 연구 수행을 위해 빈곤청소년을 참여자로 선정하여 월드비전 산하의 전국 24개 기관에서 초점집단면접을 진행하였다. 연구 결과 빈곤청소년의 꿈은 경험을 통해 형성되고 주변과의 상호작용을 통해 확장되거나 축소되는 것으로 나타났다. 빈곤청소년은 정서적 및 물질적 지원의 부족으로 인해 꿈의 형성과 발전, 진로 준비로의 구체화 과정에서 어려움을 경험하였고 그 과정에서 주체적으로 노력하는 역량과 가능성도 보여주었다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 빈곤청소년의 꿈과 미래에 대한 관심 제고의 필요성 및 체험지향적 진로지도 프로그램의 활성화를 제언하였다.

Association between Maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in the Offspring: The Mediating Role of Antepartum Health Risks

  • Moon, Duk-Soo;Bong, Su-Jeong;Kim, Bung-Nyun;Kang, Na Ri
    • Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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    • 제32권1호
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    • pp.28-34
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    • 2021
  • Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effect of maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in the offspring and to examine the mediating role of antepartum health risk on the intergenerational transmission of maternal ACEs. Methods: The participants consisted of 461 mother-child dyads. Mothers completed the ACEs questionnaire and Diagnostic Predictive Scales. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the risk of ADHD symptoms in the offspring of mothers with ACEs and the mediating effect of antepartum health risks by path analysis. Results: In all, 35.4% (n=163) had at least one maternal ACE, and 11.1% (n=51) had three or more. Compared to the non-ADHD symptom group, the group of offspring with ADHD symptoms showed a significant association with maternal ACE score (p<0.001) and antepartum health risks (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis further showed a significant association between the sum of maternal ACEs [odds ratio (OR)=1.264, 95% confidence interval (CI)= 1.060-1.516, p=0.009], antepartum health risks (OR=1.236, 95% CI=1.036-1.475, p=0.019), and ADHD symptoms in the offspring. In the mediation model in which the mother's ACE score affected the offspring's ADHD symptoms, partial mediation through antepartum health risks was found to be significant (B=0.041, 95% CI=0.011-0.124). Conclusion: Maternal ACEs are significantly related to the incidence of ADHD symptoms in the offspring and antepartum health risks exert an indirect effect. These findings suggest that maternal ACEs have a negative impact on the offspring's brain development through intergenerational transmission, resulting in neurodevelopmental disorders such as ADHD.

정보기술 수용 후 주관적 지각 형성: 사용 경험에서 형성된 습관, 기대일치, 자기효능감의 역할 (What happens after IT adoption?: Role of habits, confirmation, and computer self-efficacy formed by the experiences of use)

  • 김용영;오상조;안중호;장정주
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제18권1호
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    • pp.25-51
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    • 2008
  • Researchers have been continuously interested in the adoption of information technology (IT) since it is of great importance to the information systems success and it is also an important stage to the success. Adoption alone, however, does not ensure information systems success because it does not necessarily lead to achieving organizational or individual objectives. When an organization or an individual decide to adopt certain information technologies, they have objectives to accomplish by using those technologies. Adoption itself is not the ultimate goal. The period after adoption is when users continue to use IT and intended objectives can be accomplished. Therefore, continued IT use in the post-adoption period accounts more for the accomplishment of the objectives and thus information systems success. Previous studies also suggest that continued IT use in the post-adoption period is one of the important factors to improve long-term productivity. Despite the importance there are few empirical studies focusing on the user behavior of continued IT use in the post-adoption period. User behavior in the post-adoption period is different from that in the pre-adoption period. According to the technology acceptance model, which explains well about the IT adoption, users decide to adopt IT assessing the usefulness and the ease of use. After adoption, users are exposed to new experiences and they shape new beliefs different from the thoughts they had before. Users come to make decisions based on their experiences of IT use whether they will continue to use it or not. Most theories about the user behaviors in the pre-adoption period are limited in describing them after adoption since they do not consider user's experiences of using the adopted IT and the beliefs formed by those experiences. Therefore, in this study, we explore user's experiences and beliefs in the post-adoption period and examine how they affect user's intention to continue to use IT. Through deep literature reviews on the construction of subjective beliefs by experiences, we draw three meaningful constructs which theoretically have great impacts on the continued use of IT: perceived habit, confirmation, and computer self-efficacy. Then, we examine the role of the subjective beliefs on the cognitive/affective attitudes and intention to continue to use that IT. We set up a research model and conducted survey research. Since IT use implies interactions among a user, IT, and a task, we carefully selected the sample of users using same/similar IT to perform same/similar tasks, to exclude unwanted influences of other factors than subjective beliefs on the IT use. We also considered that the sample of users were able to make decisions to continue to use IT volitionally or at least quasi-volitionally. For each construct, we used measurement items recognized for reliability and widely used in the previous research. We slightly modified some items proper to the research context and a pilot test was carried out for forty users of a portal service in a university. We performed a full-scale survey after verifying the reliability of the measurement. The results show that the intention to continue to use IT is strongly influenced by cognitive/affective attitudes, perceived habits, and computer self-efficacy. Confirmation affects the intention to continue indirectly through cognitive/affective attitudes. All the constructs representing the subjective beliefs built by the experiences of IT use have direct and/or indirect impacts on the intention of users. The results also show that the attitudes in the post-adoption period are formed, at least partly, by the experiences of IT use and newly shaped beliefs after adoption. The findings suggest that subjective beliefs built by the experiences have deep impacts on the continued use. The results of the study signify that while experiencing IT in the post-adoption period users form new beliefs, attitudes, and intentions which may be different from those of the pre-adoption period. The results of this study partly demonstrate that the beliefs shaped by the behaviors, those are the experiences of IT use, influence users' attitudes and intention. The results also suggest that behaviors (experiences) also change attitudes while attitudes shape behaviors. If we combine the findings of this study with the results of the previous research on IT adoption, we can propose a cycle of IT adoption and use where behavior shapes attitude, the attitude forms new behavior, and that behavior shapes new attitude. Different from the previous research, the study focused on the user experience after IT adoption and empirically demonstrated the strong influence of the subjective beliefs formed in the post-adoption period on the continued use. This partly confirms the differences between attitudes in the pre-adoption and in the post-adoption period. Users continuously change their attitudes and intentions while experiencing (using) IT. Therefore, to make users adopt IT and to make them use IT after adoption is a different problem. To encourage users to use IT after adoption, experiential variables such as perceived habit, confirmation, and computer self-efficacy should be managed properly.

'우리 몸' 단원에 대한 증강현실 교육콘텐츠의 제작과 적용 (A Development and Application of the Objects on the Unit of 'Our Body' on Augmented Reality)

  • 류혜주;박헌우
    • 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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    • 제36권4호
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    • pp.367-378
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    • 2017
  • Because the lessons of 'our body' are based on indirect experiences and simple experiments, various methods are needed to improve the learning effect. In this study, seventeen AR contents were created to be used in five subjects in the 5th grade elementary school. The learning contents implementation were made using QCAR (QualComm's Augmented Reality) and Unity 3D (Unity 3D) program, which are augmented reality software development kits (SDKs). In order to find out the applicability, we applied the developed contents to one grade 5 classroom equipped with internet environment. Participants were asked about their perception of the program and interviewed. As a result, the developed AR learning contents appeared to be available. It was expected to help improve learning and was pointed out that improvement of internet condition and development, also, was needed expansion of various contents should be complemented.

Development of a Virtual Cyber-Tour System in the Virtual Reality Environment

  • Jongchel Yoo;Yongbem Kim;MyongKyu Park
    • 대한안전경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한안전경영과학회 2000년도 추계학술발표논문집
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    • pp.177-180
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    • 2000
  • This study is to explain the importance and the necessity of virtual cyber-tour in a virtual reality environment, and to present a way of its realization as a mean to surmount the fundamental constraints in current tourism, arising mainly from the individual health, cost, leisure time, and the low perception on tourism culture. This virtual cyber-tour using virtual reality technology will not only provide various indirect tour experiences to the existing tour resources, but also develop a new type of tour system, leading to new worlds which have not been accessible to the Public because of various restrictions coming from the current technology, transportation means, and physical limit's of human body.

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The Autonomization of French and Vietnamese Literature: Comparing Gustave Flaubert (1821-1880) and Vũ Trọng Phụng (1912-1939)

  • Phung, Ngoc Kien
    • 수완나부미
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.109-131
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    • 2022
  • This paper compares the French Gustave Flaubert (1821-1880) and the Vietnamese Vũ Trọng Phụng (1912-1939), and explores transformations of their aesthetic experiences that led to the autonomization of French literary field in the nineteenth century and Vietnamese in the early twentieth century. Inspired from the term "archive" coined by Michel Foucault, this article argues that Flaubert, in abandoning the bourgeois tastes, contested realism and built his own writing ideology and style, which is called subjective realism. On the other hand, it also argues that Vũ Trọng Phụng, through the popular report genre, he gained success and evolved his own novel writing style, aptly called the realism of speech. It is ostensible that the transformation in the two authors' writing style and aesthetic experience was derived from the way they distanced themselves from their contemporaries' common tastes while making use of free indirect speeches, all with the aim of granting readers the autonomy of reading.