• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 2005

Genomic and phenotypic characteristics of the bacterial strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae and P. syringae pv. syringae collected from several kiwifruit orchards of Korea were investigated and compared with those from Japan to elucidate their phylogenic relationships. All the strains of P. syringae pv. actinidiae and pv. syringae tested were sensitive to copper sulfate but Korean and Japanese strains showed quite different responses to streptomycin. Korean strains were sensitive to streptomycin, but most of the Japanese strains of P. syringae pv. actinidiae were highly resistant to streptomycin. Japanese strains were also relatively more resistant to oxytetracycline than Korean strains. Plasmid profiles were not valuable to distinguish Korean strains of P. syringae pv. actinidiae frombJapanese strains. One or more indigenous plasmids with more than 15 kb in size were detected in all strains of P. syringae pv. actinidiae, but the number and sizes of plasmids harbored in P. syringae pv. actinidiae were variable among the strains regardless of their geographic origins. There also observed no significant relationship among resistance levels of the strains of P. syringae pv. actinidiae to antibiotics, their pathogenicity and plasmid profiles. RAPD profiles were useful to analyze the strains of P. syringae pv. actinidiae and pv. syringae. All the strains of P. syringae pv. actinidiae fell into a wide cluster separated from the strains of P. syringae pv. syringae, but Korean strains of P. syringae pv. actinidiae were separated from Japanese strains. The results support that Korean and Japanese strains of P. syringae pv. actinidiae may have different phylogenic origins.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.241-253
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• 2016

In 2014, as a subset study to discover indigenous prokaryotic species in Korea, a total of 33 bacterial strains assigned to the class Gammaproteobacteria were isolated from diverse environmental samples collected from soil, tidal flat, freshwater, seawater, oil-contaminated soil, and guts of animal. From the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (>98.5%) and formation of a robust phylogenetic clade with the closest species, it was determined that each strain belonged to each independent and predefined bacterial species. There is no official report that these 33 species have been described in Korea; therefore, 1 strain of the Aeromonadales, 6 strains of the Alteromonadales, 3 strains of the Chromatiales, 5 strains of the Enterobacteriales, 4 strains of the Oceanospirillales, 11 strains of the Pseudomonadales, and 3 strains of the Xanthomonadales within the Gammaproteobacteria are described for unreported bacterial species in Korea. Gram reaction, colony and cell morphology, basic biochemical characteristics, and isolation sources are also described in the species description section.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.191-200
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• 2021

To study the biodiversity of bacterial species, here we report indigenous prokaryotic species of Korea. A total of 23 bacterial strains affiliated to the class Alphaproteobacteria were isolated from various environmental sources including seaweeds, seawater, fresh water, wetland/marsh, tidal sediment, plant roots, sewage and soil. Considering higher than 98.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities and formation of a well-defined phylogenetic clade with named species, it was confirmed that each strain belonged to the predefined bacterial species of the class Alphaproteobacteria. There is no official report of these 23 species in Korea; 20 species of 16 genera (Mameliella, Yangia, Paracoccus, Ruegeria, Loktanella, Phaeobacter, Dinoroseobacter, Tropicimonas, Lutimaribacter, Litoreibacter, Sulfitobacter, Roseivivax, Labrenzia, Hyphomonas, Maricaulis, Thalassospira) in the order Rhodobacterales and 3 species of a single genus (Brevundimonas) in the order Caulobacterales. Gram-staining, cell morphology, basic biochemical characteristics, isolation sources, optimum temperature, growth media, and strain IDs are detailed in the species description as well as Table 1.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.114-122
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• 2018

As part of a larger study of indigenous prokaryotic species diversity in South Korea, various samples from Namhangang were subjected to analyses. Fresh water, underwater sediment, and moss-inhabiting aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were isolated. 22 of the isolates were identified as unrecorded bacterial species in Korea that had ${\geq}98.7%$ 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with published species. The aerobic strains isolated were Kurthia gibsonii and Massilia plicata. Also identified were four facultative anaerobic strains: Bacillus hisashii, Enterococcus rotai, Paenibacillus vini, and Pediococcus pentosaceus. 16 strictly anaerobic strains were identified as Bacteroides xylanolyticus, Carnobacterium maltaromaticum, Clostridium argentinense, Clostridium beijerinckii, Clostridium butyricum, Clostridium cavendishii, Clostridium diolis, Clostridium frigidicarnis, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum, Clostridium sphenoides, Clostridium subterminale, Cutibacterium acnes, Paraclostridium bifermentans, Prevotella paludivivens, and Romboutsia lituseburensis. Based on the examination of morphological, cultural, physiological, and biochemical properties of the isolates, descriptive information of these previously unrecorded species is provided here.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.351-364
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• 2019

Here we describe indigenous prokaryotic species in Korea, a total of 42 bacterial strains affiliated to the class Alphaproteobacteria isolated from various environmental samples: fermented vinegar, sea water, beach sand, fresh water, salt flats, moss, algae, activated sludge, and soil. From the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (>98.7%) and formation of a robust phylogenetic clade with the closest species, it was determined that each strain belonged to predefined bacterial species. There is no official report that these 42 species included in Alphaproteobacteria in Korea: 15 species of 6 genera in the order Rhodospirillales, 12 species of 10 genera in the order Rhizobiales, 10 species of 8 genera in the order Rhodobacterales, 4 species of 4 genera in the order Sphingomonadales and 1 species of 1 genus in the order Caulobacterales. Gram reaction, colony and cell morphology, basic biochemical characteristics, isolation source, and strain IDs are also described in the species description section.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.12-22
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• 2021

During a comprehensive investigation of indigenous prokaryotic species in Korea, 25 and 10 bacterial strains assigned to the classes Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria, respectively, were isolated from diverse environmental habitats, including soil, mud, tidal field, sea water, sand, rusted iron, and leaf. Based on their high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities (>98.7%) and the formation of robust phylogenetic clades with type species, each strain was assigned to an independent and predefined bacterial species. Since there were no published or official reports regarding these 35 isolates in Korea, they - 25 species of 14 families in the 5 orders of Alphaproteobacteria and 10 species of 3 families in the two orders of Betaproteobacteria - have been reported as unrecorded species in Korea. In addition, Gram reaction, colony and cell morphology, basic biochemical characteristic, isolation source, and strain ID of each species are also described in the species description sections.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.207-213
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• 2017

In order to investigate the indigenous prokaryotic species diversity of the Nakdong River system in Korea, fresh water samples from Hapcheonho Lake and Jinyangho Lake were analyzed for bacterial taxonomic diversity. The isolated bacterial strains were identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, and those exhibiting at least 98.7% sequence similarity with known bacterial species, but never reported in Korea, were selected as unrecorded species. Eleven unrecorded bacterial species were discovered in this study. The isolates were identified as Aquabacterium citratiphilum, Clostridium ghonii, Curvibacter delicates, Deinococcus depolymerans, Eubacterium moniliforme, Flavobacterium nitrogenifigens, Kineosporia mesophila, Luteibacter jiangsuensis, Microbacterium terricola, Rhizobium larrymoorei, and Sediminicoccus rosea belonging to the phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Deinococcus-Thermus. The selected isolates were further characterized for cellular and colonial morphologies, growth conditions, physiological properties, and enzymatic activities. Descriptive information of these previously unrecorded species is also provided.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.12 no.spc2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2023

During an investigation into the indigenous prokaryotic species diversity in Korea, a total of five bacterial strains were isolated from various environments in Korea. The isolated bacterial strains were identified by analyzing their 16S rRNA gene sequences, and those with a minimum of 98.7% sequence similarity with known bacterial species but not reported in Korea were designated as unrecorded species. These isolates were assigned to three phyla, five orders, five families, and five different genera. The isolates were identified as Cumulibacter manganitolerans (99.1%) and Myolicibacterium tusciae (98.7%) of the class Actinomycetes; Bacillus marasmi (99.9%) of the class Bacilli; and Novosphingobium mathurense (100%) and Microvirga ossetica (98.8%) of the class Alphaproteobacteria. Gram reaction, colony and cellular morphology, basic biochemical characteristics, and phylogenetic position of theses isolates are also described.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.123-134
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• 2018

A total of 22 bacterial strains belonging to the phylum Bacteroidetes were isolated primarily from aquatic environments such as seawater, freshwater, lagoon and tidal flat. One of these 22 strains was isolated from ginseng soil. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that 21 strains showed the high sequence similarities(${\geq}98.7%$) to the closest type strains and formed robust phylogenetic clades with closely related species in the phylum Bacteroidetes. One strain, which had been previously classified as Balneola vulgaris in the phylum Bacteroidetes, was identified as a member of the newly described phylum Rhodothermaeota. These strains had not been previously reported in Korea. Here, we report 21 species of 13 genera in the phylum Bacteroidetes and one species in the phylum Rhodothermaeota which were not reported in Korea. Morphological, biochemical, and physiological characteristics, isolation sources, and NIBR deposit numbers are described in the species descriptions.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.201-216
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• 2021

During an investigation of indigenous prokaryotic species in the Republic of Korea, a total of 38 bacterial strains belonging to the class Gammaproteobacteria were isolated from diverse environments. Samples were collected from soil, seawater, sand, sedimentary soil, rabbit feces, rat intestines, marine wetland, and tidal flats. The strains were identified to the species level using the high 16S rRNA gene sequences and showed high similarity (>98.7%) with the closest bacterial species and formed a robust clade in the neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree; it was determined that each strain belonged to independent, predefined bacteria species within the class Gammaproteobacteria. The 38 strains of Gammaproteobacteria analyzed in this study have not been reported in the Republic of Korea. Therefore, this study describes 20 genera of 13 families in 8 orders: Aeromonadales, Alteromonadales, Cellvibrionales, Enterobacterales, Lysobacterales, Oceanospirillales, Pseudomonadales, and Vibrionales. For each species, we describe Gram reaction, strain ID, isolation source, colony and cell morphology, cultural, physiological, and basic biochemical characteristics.