• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.2535-2540
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• 2010

전통적인 Pub/Sub(Publish/Subscribe) 시스템에서는 출판자(Pub)가 출판정보(Event)를 중개자(Broker)에게 전달을 하고 등록되어져 있는 구독조건(Subscription)과 매칭유무를 파악한 뒤 매칭된 구독조건들을 등록한 구독자(Sub)에게 출판정보를 전달한다. 이 시스템에서 정보의 전달은 출판자에서 구독자로의 단 방향으로 이루어졌다. 최근 새로운 용용 프로그램에서는 구독조건을 출판자에게도 전달하는 양 방향 정보전달의 필요성이 제기되었다. 따라서 출판자와 구독자들 간의 양방향 정보전달이 가능한 확장된 Pub/Sub 시스템을 제안하고자 한다. 확장된 Pub/Sub 시스템에서는 출판정보에 매칭되는 구독조건이 다수가 있을 수 있으므로 우선순위에 따라 상위 n개만을 출판자에게 전달할 수 있는 가능이 요구된다. 이 논문에서는 구독조건 간 우선순위를 결정하고 정하기 위한 SIF(Specific Interval First)를 정의하고 IS-List(Interval Skip List)를 이용하여 SIF기반의 우선순위 검색기법을 두 가지 방법으로 제안하였다. 성능평가 결과 집합정렬 방법은색인 생성 측면에서 그리고 삽입 시간 정렬 및 스팩을 이용한역 탐씩 방법은 검색 시간측면에서 좋은 성능을 보였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 1972

벼의 생산능력을 높이기 위하여 진흥의 곡실 생산량을 기준하여 저위 (500kg/10a 이상), 중위 (600kg/10a 이상), 고위 (700kg/10a 이상)로 구분하고 이들벼의 군락조성 및 영양상태를 조사한 결과 1. 고위수량인 경우에는 출수후 엽면적이 크고 완만하게 줄어드는데 비해 저위수량인 경우는 엽면적이 급격히 감소하였다. 2. 고위수량인 경우는 저위수량인 경우에 비해 생육초기에는 투광율이 높고 생육후기에는 낮았으며 투광율대 엽면적비도 고위수량인 경우에서 높다. 3. 순동화량(N.A.R.)은 엽면적이 증가함에 따라 감소하였으며 저위수량인 경우에 비해 고위수량인 경우가 높았다. 4. 질소흡수량은 고위수량인 경우가 저위수량인 경우에 비해 절대 흡수량이 높고 흡수속도도 전생육기간을 통해 완만하며 저위수랑인 경우는 초기 질소흡수가 많고 출수기에 질수흡수를 종결하는데 비해 고위수량인 경우는 초기 흡수가 적고 출수후에도 상당량의 질소를 흡수하였다. 5. 출수기 전분축적량이 수확기 총생산량에 대하여 저위수량인 경우 40%인 반면 고위수량인 경우에는 약 10%로서 고위수량은 출수후 전분생산량에 의존도가 크다. 6. 수량구성요수중 이차생산능력인 곡실생산능력을 가장지배하는 인자는 등숙비율이였다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.266-276
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to implement and evaluate the nutrition education program for elementary school children Subjects were 5th graders (n = 142) of an elementary school in Seoul, and 138 children completed four sessions of nutrition education during March-April, 2008. One group pretest-posttest design was used to evaluate the program effectiveness. Anthropometric measurements and measurements on nutrition knowledge, eating attitudes and eating behavior were done before and after education. Data were analyzed using paired t-test, t-test and ${\chi}^2-test$. After completing nutrition education, body mass index (from 19.3 to 18.9), fat mass (from 10.9 kg to 10.1 kg), percent body fat (from 25% to 23.3%) of subjects decreased significantly (p < 0.001). Percentages of overweight or obese children were 24.6% at pretest and decreased to 20.3% at posttest, although it did not reach statistical significance. Total score of nutrition knowledge increased significantly from 11.9 (59.5/100) at pretest to 14.7 (73.5/100) at posttest (p < 0.001). After nutrition education, percentages of correct answers increased significantly in 10 knowledge items out of 20 items. These included items such as desirable weight control, energy requirements for boys, food groups, snack, and function of fat and balanced meals (p < 0.001). Total score of eating attitudes increased significantly from 35.1 to 36.9 (p < 0.001). Attitude of applying nutrition knowledge to daily life (p < 0.001), interest toward nutrition and health (p < 0.001), attitude of moderating food intake (p < 0.01), and attitude toward eating habit and future health (p < 0.05) were significantly different between pretest and posttest. Total score of eating behaviors increased significantly from 46.7 (possible score: 20-60) to 49.5 by nutrition education (p < 0.001). Improvement in eight eating behaviors were noticed after nutrition education. These included eating meals slowly, eat protein foods (p < 0.001), eating breakfast, eating meals regularly, eating meals with diverse foods, having dairy foods, eating foods using plant oils (p < 0.01), and having grains (p < 0.05). Subjects evaluated quite positively in attractiveness of program, understanding of program contents, helpfulness of program in improving nutrition knowledge and meal management. Study results show that the nutrition education program was effective in improving nutrition knowledge, eating attitudes and changing eating behaviors of children. This program can be used in nutrition education of children at school or at public health centers.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.219-227
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• 1993

본 시험은 벼 담수표면직파재배 (이하는 담수직파)에서 가장 문제가 되는 도복발생의 원인을 손이양재배와 비교, 구명하기 위하여 작물시험장 답물포장에서 1991～1992년에 수행되었다. 공시품종은 자포니카인 화정벼를 이용하였고, 벼 재배방법은 침수작파와 손이양으로 하였으며, 질소시비량은 4수준(50,100, 150,200kg/ha)으로 처리하였다. 1. 벼의 지상부생중은 출수후 20일경에 가장 무거웠으며, 그 후 계속 감소되었고, 중심고비율은 성숙기까지 점진적으로 증가되었다. 또 좌절중은 출수후 40일 까지 계속 감소되었으며, 도복지수는 출하후 30～40일 경에 가장 컸다. 2. 손이앙에서는 간장, 지상부 생중, 도복지수는 침수직파에서 보다 현저히 크고, 좌절종은 서로 비슷하였으나 실제 포장도복은 침수직파에서 더 심하였는데 이는 두 재배양식 간에 도복원인이 서로 다르다는 것을 나타낸다. 3. 손이양은 질소 200kg/ha에서 반복형 도복이 있었으나, 침수직파는 질소 150kg/ha 이상에서 뿌리도복이 심하게 발생되었다. 4. 침수직파에서 뿌리도복이 심했던 주된 요인은 벼 뿌리의 천근화 현상 때문인데, 토층표면(0～5cm)의 뿌리분포는 침수직파(65.2%)가 손이앙(51.6%)보다 현저히 많았으나 상층 5～10cm에서는 침수직파(18.5%)가 손이앙(28.0%)보다 적었다. 또 간기부의 매몰깊이가 손이앙은 4.0cm로 깊었으나 침수직파는 1.2cm로 얕기 때문에 등숙의 진전과 더불어 지상부의 무게중심이 높아질 때 침수직파의 경우 뿌리의 식물체 지지력이 양화되어 도복이 쉽게 발생되었다. 5. 침수직파는 손이양에 비하여 단위면적당 수수는 많았으나 수당입수가 적고 도복으로 인하여 등숙비율이 낮았다. 벼 수량은 평균적으로 침수직파는 손이앙의 약 82% 정도였으며, 침수직파의 수량제한요인은 도복으로 인한 낮은 등숙비율이었다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.58-63
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• 2006

국내에서 광범위하게 사용되고 있는 살충제 imidacloprid의 토양흡착 특성과 벼 재배 환경중 용탈 가능성을 평가하기 위하여 방사성 동위원소로 표지된 $[^{14}C]$limidacloprid를 이용하여 수원근교 논토양 2종을 대상으로 시험하였다. Freundlich 흡착 등온식으로부터 구한 imidacloprid의 흡착상슈$(K_f)$는 $1.7{\sim}2.6$, 기울기(1/n)는 1 미만, 토양 유기탄소기준흡착계수$(K_{oc})$는 $228{\sim}249$, 토양 반감기를 이용한 지하수 오염가능성(GUS index)은 $1.6{\sim}2.4$로 흡착성이 중간 정도로 평가되어 토양중 용탈 가능성은 높지 않았다. 논토양에서 용탈성은 숙성잔류물 함유 토양보다 신생잔류물 함유 토양에서 더 높았다. 논토양의 토층별 $^{14}C$의 분포는 $0{\sim}10cm$ 깊이에 80% 이상이 분포하였으며, 벼 재배구에서 처리된 $^{14}C$의 식물체로의 이동성은 신생잔류물 함유 토양이 숙성잔류물 함유 토양보다 높았으나 식물체로 흡수된 $^{14}C$은 총처리량의 약 3% 미만으로서 imidacloprid의 용탈성과 생물이용도가 매우 낮음을 시사하였다.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.65-72
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• 1982

It has been known that retinoids are intrinsically of critical importance for control of premalignant epithelial cell differentiation. In the absence of retinoids, normal cellular differentiation and growth does not occur in epithelia such as those of trachea and bronchi. Furthermore, it was also reported that retinoid deficiency enhanced susceptibility to chemical carcinogenesis in the respiratory system, in the bladder, and in the colon of the experimental animal. In 1974, Bollag examined the effects of synthetic retinoids in prevention of development of cancer and demonstrated synthetic retinoids to have more favorable therapeutic index than retinoic acid for causing regression of skin papilloma in mice. Therefore, it was assumed that this anticarcinogenic effect of vitamin A derivatives could be due to modification of the metabolism of the carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbon, which must first be activated to exert their effect. Hill and Shih reported that vitamin A compounds and analogs had inhibitory effect on drug metabolizing enzyme from liver and lung tissue of mouse and hamster. Lucy suggested that the chemoprevention effect of vitamin A derivatives is due to reaction with molecular oxygen, and it is possible that inhibition of hydroxybenzpyrene formation is a result of this property. On the other hand, butylated hydroxytoluene which is a potent antioxidant strongly inhibited the formation of mammary tumor induced by dimethylbenranthracene. Also, it was observed that this antioxidant inhibited cancer induction in rats by N-2-fluo-renylacetamide. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect of vitamin A derivatives such as retinoic acid and retinoid on drug-metabolizing enzyme and to determine whether riboflavin tetrabutylate or vitamin E could prevent of modify any changes induced by vitamin A delivatives in the rats. The results obtained were as followings. 1) Body weight was significantly reduced by retinoic acid, but not by retinoid. 2) Retinoic acid markedly increased liver weight while retincid showed no effect on liver weight. Treatment of riboflavin tetrabutylate did not affect retinoic acid-induced change in both body weight and liver weight. 3) Both retinoic acid and retinoid remarkably decreased the activity of aminopyrine demethylase. Pretreatment of riboflavin tetrabutylate, however, prevented inhibitory effect of retinoic acid on the enzyme activity. 4) No significant effect of vitamin E on aminopyrine demethylase was observed in both groups treated with retinoic acid and retinoid.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.297-303
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• 2018

본 연구는 대사성질환 관련 위험 인자를 가지고 있는 제주 지역주민을 대상으로 마을 기반 건강프로그램의 효과성을 입증하기 위해 수행되었다. 50명의 실험군은 BMI가 25 이상인 지역주민으로 3주 동안 고유수용성신경근촉진(PNF) 트레이닝과 스트레칭을 포함한 운동요법 7회, 영양관리 식습관 개선을 위한 쿠킹테라피 프로그램 4회 그리고 대체의학활용 프로그램인 힐링터치 마사지 프로그램 3회의 건강중재프로그램에 참여하였다. 건강프로그램 중재의 효과성 평가를 위해 프로그램 중재 전과 후에 체 성분, 혈액의 지질 프로파일, 혈당 및 허리둘레를 측정하여 비교하였다. 건강프로그램 중재 후에는 중재 전에 비해 TC, HbA1C, 이완기혈압, 체지방 그리고 허리둘레가 크게 감소하여 거의 정상수치가 되었고 특히 HbA1C, 체지방 그리고 허리둘레는 유의한 수준으로 감소 (P<0.001)되었다. 그러나 반대로 건강프로그램 중재를 받지 않은 대상군의 경우 HbA1C, 체지방 및 허리둘레가 유의한 수준으로 증가 (P<0.001)하는 부정적 결과를 보였다. 이상의 결과로부터 대사성질환 관련 인자들은 건강프로그램의 중재로 개선되어 호전될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 건강중재프로그램인 운동과 쿠킹테라피 효과를 구분하여 조사하지는 않았지만 3주간의 단기간에 보여진 효과가 두 가지를 병행해서 수행함으로써 나타난 결과임을 암시하며 식사조절과 운동을 병행하는 것이 대사성질환 개선에 보다 효과적임을 제시하고자 한다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.265-280
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• 2011

The temporal dynamics of the meiofauna community in Marian Cove, King George Island, Antarctica were observed from March 7 to December 21 2007. Nine meiofauna taxa were found, with nematodes the most dominant group, making up 92.97% of the total meiofauna density, followed by harpacticoid copepods (3.18%). Meiofauna abundance ranged from 123 to 874 individuals per 10 $cm^2$ (mean 464 inds.10 $cm^{-2}$), which is lower than that found in some polar and temperate regions. The lowest meiofauna abundance was found in the 26th April sample (III) and the highest meiofauna abundance was found in the March 23rd sample (II). There was no correlation between meiofauna abundance and season. The seasonal changes were likely caused by meltwater runoff, and there were the physical disturbances on the bottom sediment by huge iceberg. Biomass of meiofauna varied between 20.36 and 101.02 ${\mu}gC{\cdot}10\;cm^{-2}$, and overall mean biomass was 54.17 ${\mu}gC{\cdot}10\;cm^{-2}$ during the study periods. More than 80% of meiofauna was concentrated in the upper 2 cm of the sediment, and density decreased with depth. The mean diversity index was 0.37, and the ratio between the abundance of nematodes: and harpacticoids (N/C) ratio ranged from 7.31 to 95.04 (mean 26.39). NMDS analysis divided the community into three groups: A (III, IV, V, VII, VIII), B (II, IX, XI, XII) and C (I, V, X). The results of ANOSIM and SIMPER analysis revealed significant differences in community structure among three groups and major contributed meiofauna taxon in grouping were nematodes and copepods. No significant correlations were observed between major meiofauna taxon and environmental factors. Thirteen species in 12 genera representing nine families of harpacicoids were recorded. Ancorabolidae was the most diverse family, and Heteropsyllidae was the most abundant. The correlation analysis between benthic harpacticoid copepods and environmental factors showed that some species were affected by water temperature, sediment temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a concentration, grain size of the sediments and heavy metal contents of the sediments. These data describe the usefulness of benthic harpacticoid copepods as biological indicator species in Antarctic regions.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.301-310
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• 2020

The following paper concentrates on the objective of studying the influences of extent of duration and temperature on the Pozzolanic properties as well as reactivity of locally existing natural clay of Nai Gaj, district Dadu, Sindh Pakistan. The activation of the clay only occurs through heating when temperature in a furnace chamber reaches 600, 700 and 800oC for 1, 2 and 3 hours and at 900 and 1000℃ for 1 and 2 hours. Furthermore, the strength activity index (SAI) of advanced pozzolanic material happens to be identified through 20% cement replacement for different samples of calcined clay as per ASTM C-618. The compressive strength test of samples had been operated for 7 and 28-days curing afterwards. The maximum compressive strength had been seen in mix E in which cement was replaced with clay calcined at 700℃ for 1 hour that is 27.05 MPa that is 24.31% more than that of control mix. The results gathered from the SAI verdicts the optimal activation temperature is 700℃ within a one-hour time period. The SAI at a temperature of 700℃ with a one-hour duration at 28 days is 124.31% which happens to satisfy the requirements of the new Pozzolanic material, in order to be applied in mortar/concrete (i.e., 75%). The Energy- dispersive spectrometry (EDS) along with the X-ray diffraction (XRD) have been carried out in means of verifying whether there is silica content or amorphous silica present in metakaolin that has been developed. The findings gathered from the SAI were validated, as the analysis of XRD verified that there is in fact Pozzolanic activity of developed metakaolin. Additionally, based on observation, the activated metakaolin holds a significant influence on the increase in mortar's compressive strength.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.1006-1013
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• 2015

Heat-stress remains a costly issue for animal production, especially for poultry as they lack sweat glands, and alleviating heat-stress is necessary for ensuring animal production in hot environment. A high ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producer Lactobacillus strain was used to investigate the effect of dietary GABA-producer on laying performance and egg quality in heat-stressed Hy-line brown hens. Hy-Line brown hens (n = 1,164) at 280 days of age were randomly divided into 4 groups based on the amount of freeze-dried GABA-producer added to the basal diet as follows: i) 0 mg/kg, ii) 25 mg/kg, iii) 50 mg/kg, and iv) 100 mg/kg. All hens were subjected to heat-stress treatment through maintaining the temperature and the relative humidity at $28.83{\pm}3.85^{\circ}C$ and 37% to 53.9%, respectively. During the experiment, laying rate, egg weight and feed intake of hens were recorded daily. At the 30th and 60th day after the start of the experiment, biochemical parameters, enzyme activity and immune activity in serum were measured. Egg production, average egg weight, average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio and percentage of speckled egg, soft shell egg and misshaped egg were significantly improved (p<0.05) by the increasing supplementation of the dietary GABA-producer. Shape index, eggshell thickness, strength and weight were increased linearly with increasing GABA-producer supplementation. The level of calcium, phosphorus, glucose, total protein and albumin in serum of the hens fed GABA-producing strain supplemented diet was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of the hens fed the basal diet, whereas cholesterol level was decreased. Compared with the basal diet, GABA-producer strain supplementation increased serum level of glutathione peroxidase (p = 0.009) and superoxide dismutase. In conclusion, GABA-producer played an important role in alleviating heat-stress, the isolated GABA-producer strain might be a potential natural and safe probiotic to use to improve laying performance and egg quality in heat-stressed hens.