• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.118-124
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• 2020

Background: The poultry industry in Pakistan has flourished since the 1960s; however, there are scarce data regarding the impact of occupational exposure on the pulmonary health of farm workers in terms of years working in the industry. The objective of the present study was to assess the effect of poultry environment on the health of occupationally exposed poultry farmers in countries of warm climatic regions, such as Pakistan. This study will also show the effect of exposure to poultry facilities on the health of poultry farmers in the context of low-income countries with a relatively inadequate occupational exposure risk management. Materials and methods: The lung function capacity of 79 poultry workers was measured using a spirometer. Along with spirometry, a structured questionnaire was also administrated to obtain information about age, height, weight, smokers/nonsmokers, years of working experience, and pulmonary health of farm workers. The workers who were directly involved in the care and handling of birds in these intensive facilities were considered and divided into four groups based on their years of working experience: Group I (3-10 months), Group II (1-5 years), Group III (6-10 years), and Group IV (more than 11 years). The forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and the FEV1/FVC ratio were considered to identify lung function abnormalities. Statistical analysis was carried out using independent sample t test, Chi-square test, Pearson's correlation, and linear regression. Results: Based on the performed spirometry, 68 (86 %) of workers were found normal and healthy, whereas 11 (14 %) had a mild obstruction. Of the 11 workers with mild obstruction, the highest number with respect to the total was in Group IV (more than 11 years of working experience) followed by Group III and Group II. Most of the workers were found healthy, which seems to be because of the healthy survivor effect. For the independent sample t test, a significant difference was noticed between healthy and nonhealthy farmers, whereas Chi-square test showed a significant association with height, drugs, and working experience. Linear regression that was stratified by respiratory symptoms showed for workers with symptoms, regression models for all spirometric parameters (FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC) have better predictive power or R square value than those of workers without symptoms. Conclusion: These findings suggest that lung function capacity was directly related to years of working experience. With increasing number of working years, symptoms of various respiratory problems enhanced in the poultry workers. It should be noted that most of the poultry workers were healthy and young, the rationale being that there is a high turnover rate in this profession. The mobility in this job and our finding of 86% of the healthy workers in the present study also proposed healthy worker survivor effect.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2018

표피는 각질형성세포의 분화로부터 재생되어 계층화되는 상피 조직으로서 물리적 장벽을 형성함으로써 다양한 외부 오염원으로부터 개체를 보호한다. 자가포식 작용(autophagy)은 단백질 축적물, 손상된 세포 소기관, 세포내 미생물 등이 리소좀으로 운반되고 분해되도록 매개하는 기작이다. 최근 연구 결과에 의하면 자가포식 작용이 각질형성세포의 대사 기관과 핵을 제거하여 각질층으로 최종 분화하는데 중요한 역할을 하는 것이 보고 되었다. 그러나 자가포식 작용을 촉진함으로써 표피 분화를 유도할 수 있는지는 알려져 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 천연물 유래 단일 화합물 라이브러리를 스크리닝하여 베타인(betaine)이 인간 각질형성세포주인 HaCaT 세포에서 세포질 내 LC3 punctate 소포체 및 LC3-I에서 LC3-II로의 변환을 증가시켜 자가포식 작용을 촉진함을 규명했다. 자가포식 작용의 억제 신호인 mTOR 경로는 베타인에 의해 영향을 받지 않았으므로, 베타인에 의해 유도된 자가포식 작용은 mTOR에 독립적임을 알 수 있었다. 베타인에 의해 촉진되는 자가포식 작용은 primary keratinocyte 및 skin equivalent에서도 관찰되었다. 또한, 베타인 처리된 인공피부에서 표피층 두께가 증가함을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과들로부터, 자가포식 작용의 새로운 조절소재로서 베타인이 표피의 턴오버를 촉진하여 표피의 장벽기능을 개선하고 피부노화를 방지할 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 벤처혁신연구
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.93-118
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• 2019

본 연구는 시니어의 기술 스트레스와 자기효능감이 창업의지에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고, 나아가 회복탄력성이 이들 간에 매개역할을 하는지를 실증적인 분석을 통해 알아보았다. 이 연구의 모집단은 만 40세 이상의 남녀 시니어 (예비)창업자들로, 207명에게 설문조사를 실시하였다. 결과분석은 IBM SPSS Statistics 24.0 통계 패키지 프로그램을 이용하였고, 빈도분석, 탐색적 요인분석, 상관관계 분석 및 가설검정을 위한 위계적 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 실증적 연구 분석결과, 첫째, 기술 스트레스는 시니어의 창업의지에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 자기효능감은 시니어의 창업의지에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 회복탄력성은 기술 스트레스와 시니어의 창업의지 간에, 또 자기효능감과 시니어의 창업의지 간에 부분매개 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과는 시니어의 창업의지를 극대화하는데 자기효능감이 핵심적 역할을 한다는 선행이론을 지지하였고, 시니어들이 창업의지를 가지고 창업활동을 촉진하기 위한 선행변수로서 자기효능감의 중요성을 입증했다. 나아가 새롭게 독립변수로 투입된 기술 스트레스도 자기효능감 다음으로 중요한 요소임이 확인되었다. 또, 회복탄력성이 간접적인 매개역할을 하고 있음을 확인했다는 점에 연구 의의가 있었다. 단, 기술 스트레스가 창업의지에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나, 긍정적인 관계로 나타나 이에 대한 추가적 연구가 필요시 된다.

• Strategy21
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• 통권46호
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• pp.123-157
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• 2020

이번 연구는 국제해사국의 연례 보고서를 바탕으로 2009~2014년 동안 아프리카 인근 해역에서 발생한 771건의 해적사건을 음이항 회귀분석(Negative binomial regression)을 이용하여 분석했다. 이번 연구를 통해 소말리아 인근에서 작전하는 다국적 해군함정의 숫자가 증가할수록 소말리아 인근에서 발생하는 해적사건이 감소하는 사실을 정량적으로 확인했다. 이를 통해 청해부대를 비롯하여 소말리아 인근에서 실시되고 있는 다국적 해군의 대(對)해적 작전이 실제로 해적사건 감소에 효과가 있음을 증명했다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.105-110
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• 2016

Purpose: In the Adjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Stomach Tumors (ARTIST) trial, we investigated whether chemoradiotherapy after D2 gastrectomy reduces the rate of recurrence. Recently, the ratio of metastatic lymph nodes to examined lymph nodes (N ratio) has been proposed as an independent prognostic factor in gastric cancer (GC). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the metastatic N ratio and prognosis of GC after curative D2 surgery. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 458 ARTIST patients who underwent D2 gastrectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (XP, n=228) or chemoradiotherapy (XPRT, n=230). The disease-free survival (DFS) rates of patients were used to evaluate the influence of N ratio on the treatment outcome. To achieve this, 4 different N ratio categories (0%, 1%~9%, 10%~25%, and >25%) were compared on the basis of their influence on the treatment outcome. Results: On multivariate analysis, the N ratio remained an independent prognostic factor for DFS. The hazard ratios (HRs) for the N ratio categories of 0%, 1%~9%, 10%~25%, and >25% were 1, 1.061, 1.202, and 3.571, respectively. In patients having N ratio >25%, the 5-year DFS rates were 55% and 28% for the XPRT and XP arms, respectively (HR, 0.527; 95% confidence interval, 0.307~0.904; P=0.020). Conclusions: In patients with curatively resected GC, the N ratio was independently associated with DFS. Although this finding warrants further investigation in future prospective studies, the benefit of chemoradiotherapy for D2 resected GC appears to be more beneficial in cancers having N ratios >25%.

• 벤처혁신연구
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.19-40
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• 2022

본 연구의 목적은 국내 보험시장의 주요 판매채널인 보험대리점의 역할과 공과(功過)를 중립적 입장에서 분석·평가하고, 보험대리점업계의 지속가능발전을 위한 방안과 과제들을 모색하여 로드맵을 제시하는데 있다. 최근 보험사의 성장성·수익성 악화, 민원증가 등의 이유로 비전속판매채널에 대한 비판 및 규제강화의 목소리가 높아지고 있다. 2000년대 들어 보험판매 채널의 중심이 GA와 방카슈랑스로 이동하면서 감독당국은 사업비 및 모집수수료의 불합리성에 근본원인이 있다하여 규제개선 계획을 발표하였다. 이러한 상황을 고려하여 국내 보험대리점의 운영 현황과 문제점, 보험산업에 있어서의 기여도 등을 검토하고, 일본의 보험대리점 운영 사례를 분석하여 중장기적 발전방안을 모색하고 자 하였다. 본 연구는 우리나라 보험대리점의 운영 현황 및 기여도를 파악하고, 일본 보험대리점업계의 주요 현황과 경영 효율성 제고방안, 보험대리점 자율규제기구 현황과 역할 등을 중점적으로 살펴보았다. 이를 토대로 우리나라 보험대리점업계의 발전방안에 대해 판매조직의 전문성 제고, 보험판매전문회사 도입 및 대리점협회의 위상 강화 방안 등을 제안하였다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.133-148
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• 1989

This study attempts of analyze empirically the living status of the elderly in Korea by finding out the problems of it in the family and by clarifying the influences of the family environmental variables and the values on the adjustment of the aged. To carryout the aim of this study, the causes and the patterns of the problems for the aged had been found out through the review of literature. Based on them the questionnaire was prepared including the questions of the values, family environmental vriables as well as the degree of satisfaction of thier liver and the extent of life interchange. The former variables were taken as independent and the latter were taken as dependent variables, so that the relationship between the two variables could be exemplified. The 400 aged over 60 living in Seoul and the other cities were selected through the purposive sampling and interviewed. The answers of the 376 respondents, 94% of the sample, were analyzed for this study. The following results have been found out through the various statistical analysis such as frequency distribution, chi-square test, pearson's correlation, analysis of variance and cluster analysis. At first, the results from the examination of the frequency distribution regarding the living status of the aged are; I) sixteen percent of the respondents living with their married offspring were receiving economical support, though they pointed out the problems of the extended family are the inconveniences with their children (60%) and simpleness (20%) of their livers. It seems that the aged in Korea are poor and have negative opinion on the relationship with their offspring even if they live in the same house. Secondly, it has been found out that the family environmental variables, especially such as sex, occupation, residence, education, level, living ability and the family type, play and important role not only on the degree of satisfaction of their liver but also on the extent of interchange of their lives. However, the variables such as religion and whether the spouse is alive or not do not play and important role. Thirdly, the reported main reasons of their delightness were healthy life (1.87%), the well-being of their offspring (2.08%), the spouse's long life (3.38%), religious activity (5.05%), the hobby activity (4.31%) and the participation in the social activity (5.05%). While, they mainly concern about the illness (1.98%), offspring (2.00%), econmic difficulties (3.39%), inharmonious home (3.81%) and the despicable treatment (3.81%). The respondents wer classified into two groups, they are dependent and independent, using cluster analysis. Health, social activity, offspiring, religion, couple's long life among the factors which lead them to be delighted were turned out to be statistically signhificant at 0.01 significance level between the two groups. As far as their worrisome matters are concerned, health and economic difficulties were significantly different between the two groups. Fourthly, regarding the life interchange, it has been proved that there is a statistically significant differences betwwen the two groups in the economic and the emotional satisfaction, help for ordinary life, status in the family, subjective and objective relationship with offspring, but not in economic dependency and the activity status. Fifthly, it has been noted that there is a high correlation between the degree of life's satisfaction and the extent of life interchange. On the basis of the results mentioned above, it could be concluded taht; i) The majority of the aged in Korea are not economically active, and thus they live with their married offspring even of they have a negative opinion on the subjective relationship with them. This can be pointed out as the main problem of the aged and thus it needs to be studied further. ii) the environmental variables such as age, sex education level, family type and occuption (which can not be changed by their effrot) turned out to give an important effect on the extent of the life interchange among the aged. iii) The respondents who are identified as independent group have a higher degree of life satisfaction and family status than the group identified as defendent. Thus, it can be inferred that it is possible for them to adjust their life by making an effort to modify themselves. iv) The high correlation between the extent of life interchange and the degree of life satisfaction indicates that the elderly themselves can adjust in order to obtain the higher degree of life satisfaction. Therefore, the following suggestions are derived from this study. First of all, the aged should try to be psychologically independent. Second, they need to control themselves in order to achieve self-assurance. Third, the community have to prepare a program of self-development for the aged. Fourth, the social welfare policy that can solve the problem of illness and poverty of the elderly should be introduced, so that their minimum requirements can be satisfied.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.103-127
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• 2009

사례관리의 수행요소가 지역거주 정신장애인의 삶의 질에 미치는 영향이 소비자 만족도에 의해 어떻게 매개되는지를 분석하였다. 분석대상은 지역사회정신보건서비스 기관 중 사례관리를 수행하는 18개 기관과, 이 기관의 서비스를 이용하는 381명의 정신장애인이다. 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 클라이언트 수준과 기관 수준의 자료를 동시에 고려하는 위계적 선형모형(HLM: Hierarchical Lineral Model)을 적용하여 검증하였다. 주요한 연구 결과는 실무자의 담당 사례량이 삶의 질에 직접적 영향을 주었다. 사례관리팀 접근은 소비자 만족도에 직접적 영향을 미친 반면, 소비자 만족도를 매개하여 삶의 질에 이르는 간접적 영향은 미미하였다. 적절한 사례량의 확보 및 사례관리자 확대, 팀접근의 유용성에 대한 실천적 함의를 제안하였다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.89-109
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• 2016

The purposes of this study were to analyze and understand the life of mothers rearing children with Down syndrome and to present basic data for overcoming the difficulties of those families. For these purposes, this study made use of the phenomenological analysis and approach with a qualitative research method. The subjects of this study are 4 mothers rearing children with Down syndrome who are beyond school age. The results were as follows. First, the reason why mothers with Down syndrome children went through psychological shock and horror was the social stigma due to the unusual appearance of children with Down syndrome. Second, the isolation with in the public education system was disclosed as a factor causing much sorrow and pain. Through this, we can recognize the importance of ensuring the equal right to receive education of children with Down syndrome. Third, the period which the mother experienced most shock and confusion was right after finding out about the disability that her child has. So, we can identify the importance of early intervention providing psychotherapy and rearing service to the parents. Fourth, the crucial factor that relieved pain and pressure from mothers was social support including family. Therefore, the social support system for mothers with Down syndrome children has to be developed and strengthened. Fifth, the crucial factor that made mother grow up during rearing experience was the reestablishment of cognition about the desired role of mothers. Through this, we can identify the importance of the mental transition process to independent thinking.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.13-28
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• 2015

본 연구는 외식기업 종사원 개개인의 임파워먼트가 서비스품질에 미치는 영향과 직무만족에 따른 서비스품질에 미치는 영향관계를 분석하고자 하였다. 선행연구들을 바탕으로 독립변수는 임파워먼트(결정권, 의미성, 존중성, 역량성)를 설정하고, 종속변수는 직무만족과 서비스품질로 설정하였다. 연구를 통해 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, "외식기업 종사자들의 임파워먼트는 직무만족에 정(+)의 영향을 미칠 것이다"의 가설 1의 검정결과를 살펴보면 결정권(b=.269), 의미성(b=.227)은 통계적으로 유의하여 직무만족에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나, 존중성(b=.905)과 역랑성(b=.060)은 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. "외식기업 종사자들의 임파워먼트는 서비스품질에 정(+)의 영향을 미칠 것이다"의 가설 1의 검정결과를 살펴보면 결정권(b=.257), 의미성(b=.221), 존중성(b=.214) 순으로 나타났으며, 역량성(b=-.172)은 기각이 되었다. 외식기업 종사자들의 직무만족은 서비스품질에 정(+)의 영향을 미칠 것이다"의 가설 검정결과 직무만족은 고객의 서비스품질에 대하여 긍정적인 영향을 미친다고 하였다.