• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.161-178
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• 2009

This research was conducted to develop an assessment measure of attitude toward engineering. Based upon related document research and case studies, we came up with operational definition and category of attitude toward engineering as well as questionnaires to assess. After consulting with specialists and studying on relevant documents, we changed some of the 60 questions developed in the first phase or added new ones. One hundred and nine students who major in engineering were questioned by the 40 questions selected in the second phase. Using SPSS 14.0K statistics program, various techniques were used including factor analysis, validity analysis and correlation analysis. And the level of significance of statistical verification was 0.05. The result is as follows: Based on fundamental aspect of the attitude, this research focused on 3 different variables: cognitive variable such as 'attitude toward engineering value', affective available such as 'general attitude toward engineering and attitude toward engineering study', Behavior available such as 'participation in engineering activity'. Therefore, as a subcategory, attitude toward engineering value is classified into value as study and job, social value and personal value, general attitude toward engineering and attitude toward engineering study are divided into self-concept, self-efficacy, awareness, interest and cooperation. Also, participation in engineering activity is classified into attitude toward engineering study. After applying this measurement to the field, we integrated self-concept into self-efficacy, omitting one independent factor in the question. Finally, through Verimax, we developed 'Instrument of Assessment the Attitude toward Engineering(IAAE)' which consists of 3 variables, 9 subcategories and 39 questions.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.565-577
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• 2020

This study empirically examined how a firm size affects the determinants of innovative activities using the data of the Korean Innovation Survey (KIS) 2016. With data from 2,003 firms in the manufacturing sector, we performed logistic regression analysis and zero-inflated negative binomial regression analysis. R&D expenditure and patent applications were used as proxies for innovative activity. The independent variables included the firm's characteristics variables such as the firm's age, tech-level industry, RDemp (R&D employee ratio), venture, export, and industrial characteristics variables such as networking, appropriability, and spillovers. The empirical findings are that there are some differences in firms' innovative activity determinants among the firms' size groups. Next, strategic appropriability has negative impacts on small firms' R&D expenditure and medium-firms' patents. Networking is an important determinant of innovative activity for all firms, except for large firms. Furthermore, in deciding R&D activities, small and medium-sized firms were significantly influenced by industrial characteristics as compared to that of large firms. Our findings suggest some R&D promotion policies. Policies fostering firms' technological interaction would allow firms to take advantage of technological spillovers and thus raise the probability of investing in R&D.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.45-56
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• 2018

Purpose - The Korean university education system is facing innovation and change, including cooperation between industry and university, Therefore It is important to activate the industry-university cooperation. This paper aims to demonstrate the factors that activate industry-university cooperation, particularly about the voluntary participation induction by industry and researching in path dependency perspectives. Research design, data, and methodology - The subject of this research were companies that are aware of the industry-university cooperation program. This research hypothesis is derived from the literature of previous studies of industry-university cooperation, This study have constructs that was defined operationally with reference to previous studies, this research model design to figure out structural relationship among technology leadership of university, university specialization, local network strength, fixation of local economy, recognition of path dependence, participation by industry, performance of industry-university cooperation. From 2017 July. 1 to Sept. 31, questionnaire survey targeting company staff who is involving in industry-university cooperation. 257 questionnaire survey had conducted. 249 investigated data were used for empirical analysis except wrong data. This data were used for AMOS(structural equation) & Regression statistics to verify hypothesis which developed by researcher. Results - The results of this study are as follows. First, technology leadership of universities has a significant effect on voluntary participation by industry. University specialization has significant effect on voluntary participation by industry. Second, local network strength has significant effect on voluntary participation by industry. but fixation of local economy does not affect voluntary participation by industry. Third, recognition of path dependence has moderating effect between Independent(university, company characteristics) and dependent variables(voluntary participation by industry) When recognition level of path dependence is high, preceding factors have a significant effect on voluntary participation by industry than recognition level of path dependence is low. As a result, the degree of recognition of path dependence was shown important variables that induce voluntary participation of industry for industry-university cooperation program. Conclusions - This study suggests that voluntary participation of industry is a very important factor in the achievement of industry-university cooperation. Recognition of interdependence as well as leading factors that encourage voluntary participation of industry is also just as important. If recognition of path dependence was high, Industry's voluntary participation was high.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.170-177
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• 2020

The Korean government's R&D budget has risen steadily annually, reaching 24.2 trillion won in 2020, and the ratio of R&D expenditure to GDP ranked high among OECD countries. However, national science and technology innovation ranked low among OECD countries. This study focused on Korean government-funded research institutes in the field of science and technology by analyzing the effects of budget and workforce input on research performance in order to provide directions for management. Multiple regression analysis was conducted with budget and workforce input as independent variables, which influence major research outcomes (SCI paper, patent, royalty). In the research budget, only government contribution had a positive effect on SCI thesis performance, and the increase in the government project and private project funding had a negative effect on the number of patents and technology royalties. For the workforce, the positive effect of regular workers on all research achievements was 3-6 times more than that of non-regular workers. Through this study, policy implications such as establishment of institutional performance indicators according to research types were derived for the outcome driven management of government-funded research institutes in the field of science and technology.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.55-65
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• 2019

Purpose - Recently, the fourth industrial revolution is rapidly progressing, and the central government-led innovation system is not able to flexibly cope with changes in science and the economy and society. To solve these problems, it is necessary for local governments, which can easily identify and flexibly respond to local sites, to become self-centered and ready to respond more quickly to massive changes. Through this research, this study investigated the awareness of the elements of Jeonnam Province's capabilities in the field of science and technology policy, the importance of R&D, and how network cooperation among the base institutions might affect performance. Research design, data, and methodology - In fact, the data used in this study only 115 people were polled, excluding five who did not respond to the necessary variables. The methods of the survey were sampled, and the means of the survey were investigated via a self-contained electronic file (e-mail). Statistical analysis, including hypothesis verification, was performed by SPSS 19. The regression analysis was used. Results - All factors significantly affect performance by dividing them into five sub-fields: R&D strategic establishment, R&D demand survey, R&D planning, R&D evaluation, and R&D project management. These results suggest the importance and need for local scientific technology policy capabilities. Besides, it was confirmed that the relationship between regional science and technology policy capabilities and performance was moderated by the recognition of the importance of science technology and network cooperation among the core organizations. Conclusions - As a result, independent variables regarding the capabilities of each scientific technology policy were found to be statistically significant and have a significant effect on performance. Second, the regression analysis has shown the moderation effects of R&D importance awareness between the capabilities of science and technology policies and their performance. On the other hand, a regression analysis showing that the capabilities of science and technology policies and network cooperation between the base regions were not significant, indicating that there is no effect of moderation of network cooperation between the base regions between the capabilities of science and technology policies and performance.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.217-231
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• 2018

In Korea, small and medium sized domestic enterprises(SMEs) play an pivotal role in the national economy, accounting for 99.8% of all enterprises, 87.9% of total employment, and 48.3% of production. and SMEs were driving a real force of the development of national economy in many respects such as innovation, job creation, industrial diversity, balanced regional development. Despite their crucial role in the national development, most of SMEs suffer from a lack of R&D capabilities and equipments as well as funding capacity. Government-Supported Research Institute(GRI) can provide SMEs with valuable supplementary technological knowledges and help them build technological capacities. so, In order to effectively support SMEs, government and GRI must be a priority to know about the factors influencing the performance related to technology transfer and technological collaborations. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of Innovative competences and CEO's entrepreneurship on Organizational performance in ICT small and medium enterprises, including the moderating effect of Social capital. This study adopted research variables such as Innovative competence, CEO's entrepreneurship as independent variables, with Organizational performance as a dependent variable, including the moderating variable of Social capital. 1,200 companies data which in the field of ICT SMEs were collected from the survey. The result of this empirical study is summarized as follows, First, CEO's entrepreneurship was confirmed to have a significant effect on organizational performance, and social capital variables were confirmed to have a moderating effect between entrepreneurship and organizational performance. Second, it was found that the company's Innovative competence was significantly affected the organizational performance. and also that social capital variables moderating effects. From these findings, it was confirmed that the Innovatibe competence plays an important role in influencing corporate performance.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.191-197
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• 2018

In 2015, a candidate for the second national reference standard (NRS) of Gloydius snake venom was produced to replace the first NRS of Gloydius snake venom. In the present study, the potencies of the candidate were determined by a collaborative study, and the qualification of the candidate was estimated. The potencies of the candidate were determined by measuring the murine lethal titers and lapine hemorrhagic titers of venom against the regional working reference standard (RWRS) for antivenom using the methods described in the previous report for the first NRS of Gloydius snake venom. Three Korean facilities contributed data from a total of 30 independent assays. Subsequently, two foreign national control research laboratories contributed to this collaborative study. The results were calculated using the Reed-Muench method for lethality and determined using a mixed-effects model for hemorrhage. The general common potencies of the lethal and hemorrhagic titers were obtained from the results of the 30 tests performed at three Korean facilities. The results are expressed in micrograms for 1 test dose (TD) with a 95% confidence interval as follows: a lethal titer of $90.13{\mu}g/TD$ (95% confidence interval = $87.39{\sim}92.86{\mu}g$) and a hemorrhagic titer of $10.80{\mu}g/TD$ (95% confidence interval = $10.46{\sim}11.14{\mu}g$). In addition, the candidate preparation showed good quality evaluation according to the results of the quality estimation of the candidate and is judged to be suitable to serve as the Korean NRS for snake venom. In conclusion, the second NRS of Gloydius snake venom was established in this study and will be used for national quality control, including a national lot release test of Korean antivenom products.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.51-63
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• 2019

This study aims to present concept of "gong" which was shared by traditional East Asian societies (Korea, China and Japan) and to identify how it has been developed through their respective process of modernization and industrialization. Despite the territorial proximity of the three countries, their industrial and technological development followed different patterns, and the notion of engineering from the Occident was also accepted and reconstructed with a certain difference in each country. Japan had developed its own concept of engineering as part of industrialization in Western style and in the context of establishment of an imperialist nation. What was important for Japan was how engineering could contribute to the national development of technology and industry, and to the development of Imperial Japan. For China, which attached importance to resistance to Western civilizations and to strengthening the competitiveness for and which needed to resolve domestic political conflicts, engineering constituted more than a simple issue on technological and industrial dimension; it was also associated with obtaining ethical and political legitimacy which would allow the nation to gain support from the working and peasant classes. Though belated, Korean attempted to build an independent modern state, yet experienced a considerable nuisance from the invasion of Japan and the protracted colonial period. Engineering of Korea had to take a long time before emerging from backwardness especially because of Japanese policies which tended to restrict technological development and avoid fostering qualified engineers in the colony. Therefore, engineering in Korea started to contribute to the nation's development and the improvement of technological competitiveness only after it was combined with modern higher education after liberation, under the name of engineering science (工學, gong-hak). This study argues that our recognition of what engineering was for and who engineers were in East Asia will allow us to evaluate current status of engineering education and provide us with significant insight which will be useful when we imagine the future society. Identity of engineering in Korea, China, and Japan has been developed along with historical contexts such as clash of civilizations, wars, recovery of sovereignty and obtaining of national competitiveness; now, what will be combined with engineering in the next generation? This question will lead and motivate engineering students to think and imagine about what future engineering should be and how they respond to it.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.85-101
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• 1998

Information system, organization structure, and business strategy have been major variables in MIS research. Most of research about these variables interested in the relationship of two variables. There were very few efforts to connect three variables. But relationship or fitness of these factors plays an important role to improve performance. Nowadays managers face new challenge. That is 'globalization' To cope with this turbulent environment, they have to know how to fit these Important factors(information system, organization structure, business strategy). It is the main purpose of this article to find out the fitness of these variables under global business environment. Based on literature review, I made research model which tells whether fitness of three variables affects performance under the control of headquarter. And I propose hypothesis. I define strategy as global innovator, integrated player, implementers role, local innovator and organization structure as multinational, global, international, trans-national and information system as independent IT operation, headquarter driven configuration, intellectual synergy configuration, global integrated IT configuration.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.399-407
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• 2001

Objectives : To investigate the current status of hospital-based health promotion programs in Korea and to elucidate the factors which affect to the process of implementation. Methods : We conducted a mail survey of all 875 hospitals in Korea from March to May 2001. In reference to 12 specific kinds of health promotion programs, hospital CEOs were asked whether their hospital have such programs, whether they are fully staffed and whether the program is paid for by the patients. Contextual factors(location, hospital type, number of beds, length of operation, public/private status, economic level of the community, the level of competition) and organizational factors (the extent of market, compatibility with vision, formalization), strategic types of the CEOs (defender/analyser/prospector) were also surveyed. The relationships between each variable and the implementation of health promotion services, activation of services, and the target groups(patient/community resident) were analyzed by univariate analysis and the independent effects of these variables were examined with multiple logistic regression. Results : 100 of 125 hospitals responding (84.8%) had mere than one health promotion program. However, they showed fluctuations in the adoption rate of each programs, meaning that comprehensive health promotion services were not provided. Many programs were not fully staffed and few hospitals had paid programs. In factors affecting health promotion service implementation, private hospitals showed a higher rate in implementation than public hospitals. In contrast, when the competition among nearby hospitals was intense, the level of implementation of service lowered. In the strategic type of the CEOs, the prospectors were shown to have instituted more health promotion programs in their hospitals and the analysers had a greater tendency to have programs for community residents than the defenders. Conclusion . Considering the above results, contextual factors may contribute greatly to the introduction of health promotion services in Korean hospital, although the CEO's personal preference and organizational factors play a larger role in the activation of services. Additionally, the CEO's personal preference may be the major influencing factor in the introduction of programs for community residents.