• Asia Marketing Journal
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.45-64
• /
• 2019

A great deal of research has explored individuals' attempts to simplify choices by constructing a consideration set. This research aims to investigate which construction strategy, either inclusion or exclusion, is more likely to be adopted and how the adoption of a particular construction strategy can affect consideration set size while identifying the moderating role of chronic indecisiveness in the construction process. The findings of Study 1 indicate that individuals are more likely to adopt an inclusion strategy to reduce a consideration set to a more manageable size, and that an exclusion strategy results in a larger consideration set. In Study 2, the findings reveal that high-indecisiveness individuals are less likely than low-indecisiveness individuals to select an inclusion strategy, but that high-indecisiveness individuals adopting an inclusion strategy are able to reduce the number of alternatives in a consideration set to a manageable size on par with the size of a consideration set formed by low-indecisiveness individuals without elevating the level of perceived difficulty. The current research contributes to the stream of research on consideration set construction and indecisiveness, and offers useful practical implications for overcoming indecisiveness. Limitations and avenues for further research are also discussed.

• Asia Marketing Journal
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.133-173
• /
• 2013

Consumers empty perfectly safe to intake perishable foods everyday if they are older than what prints on expiration date. The variation in expiration dating is freshness labeling represented in various terms such as sell by, package, best before, and so on. Regardless of the terms used and meanings are attached, consumers tend to conceive of freshness labeling on food as end of its shelf-life. Consequently, the food waste becomes a big issue for businesses in food sector. In an effort to demonstrate flexibility on this, KFDA(Korea Food & Drug Administration) introduced "best before" date in domestic market place to reduce food waste, based on the food safety test conducted by KCA(Korea Consumer Agency 2009). The results indicated freshness labeling on food should not be considered as the end of its life. Current study examined the underlying mechanisms(i.e. risk perception, self-construals, and indecisiveness) that influence consumers' intention on prolonged consumption of food beyond its stamped date when the KCA test results are shown to them. In addition, the moderating effect of regulatory focus is tested in the causal relationships between underlying mechanisms and different groups of prolonged consumption intention. Study participants are divided into three groups of prolonged consumption intention: no-change, moderate-change, and wide-change. The group with moderate-change in intention being as our point of reference, logistic regression analyses are conducted on 276 sample population. The results indicated that consumers with high source credibility risk are likely to show wide-change in intention on prolonged consumption while physical risk did not show significance. The consumers with independent self-construal are likely to show no-change in intention on prolonged consumption while interdependent self-construal did not show significance. Indecisiveness showed association a group with wide-change in intention on prolonged consumption. The moderating effect of regulatory focus showed valid results in most situations; the promotion-focused consumers showed wide-change in intention, while prevention-focused consumers showed no-change in intention. Furthermore, the moderating effect of promotion-focus showed a dominant position over the causal effect of indecisiveness in which decisive consumers(i.e. no-change in intention); if they are promotion-focused they tend show for the wide-change in intention instead. It is important to note that for those promotion-focused consumers(or situations), promotion-related arguments are more effective, while for those prevention-focused consumers(or situations) prevention- related arguments are more effective means of persuasion.

• 가정과삶의질연구
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2006

The main purpose of this study was to identify a typology of career decision status by using the quadrants formed by the decidedness and comfort scale and to examine the differences in career maturity and college adaptation using that typology. We gathered data from a total of 789(237 male, 552 female) students from a middle-sized university in Jollanam-do completed a Career Decision Profile(CDP), a Career Maturity Inventory(CMI) and the Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire(SACQ). We found that 29.5% of students were categorized as decided-comfortable, 36.4% were decided-uncomfortable, 6.9% were undecided-comfortable, and 27.3% were undecided-uncomfortable. ANOVA indicated that there were significant differences in the reasons dimension of COP, career maturity and college adaptation as a function of career decision status categories. In general, decided-comfortable students showed the highest scores while undecided-uncomfortable students showed the lowest scores in all scales. Only in the Career Choice Importance scale did undecided-comfortable students showed the lowest scores.

• 산학경영연구
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.51-71
• /
• 2008

대학생 졸업예정자들의 직업탐색행위는 취업의 주요한 예측치이면서 동시에 평생의 경력경로에 중대한 영향을 미친다는 점에서 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 문헌적 고찰을 통하여 직업탐색행위에 대한 선행요인으로서 진로미결정과 개인적 특성요인간의 관계를 고찰하고자 한다. 그리고 대학 졸업예정자를 대상으로 성격적 특성이 진로미결정에 미치는 효과, 다음으로 진로미결정이 직업탐색행동에 미치는 효과를 분석하고자 한다. 또한 성격적 특성과 진로미결정의 관계, 그리고 진로미결정과 직업탐색행동의 관계에서 성별에 따라 차이를 분석하였다. 강원권 3개 대학 304명의 졸업예정자를 대상으로 분석한 결과, 첫째로 성격적 특성 중 외향성, 성실성, 개방성은 우유부단성과 부정적 관계인 것으로 나타났고, 친화성은 우유부단성과 긍정적 관계를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째로 외향성과 성실성은 직업정보부족에 부의 영향을 미치며, 친화성과 개방성은 직업정보부족과 유의적 관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째로 진로미결정요인(우유부단성, 직업정보부족) 중 우유부단성은 예비적 탐색행동에만 부정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 직업정보부족은 예비적 탐색행동과 적극적 탐색행동 모두에 부정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째로 성별에 따른 차이분석결과 외향성과 우유부단성은 부의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났는데, 여학생에 비하여 남학생의 경우 높은 부의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 직업정보부족과 예비적 탐색행동의 관계에서 여학생은 남학생에 비하여 직업정보부족이 예비적 탐색행동에 높은 부정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.79-87
• /
• 1990

Using Zung's self-rating depression scale, the authors studied depression in 310 elderlies residing in the 9 home for the aged (HFA) in Kyungbuk area, and 234 elderlies living in Taegu city and 107 elderlies attending a Life-long education program in Taegu, which serve as a control group, Community resident elderlies(CRE). The research had been administered during the period from June to August, 1986. The results were as follows : 1. The mean scores of male. female. and the total of the elderlies in HFA were $38.95{\pm}11.55$, $44.18{\pm}14.15$:: and $42.8{\pm}13.7$ respectively while CRE marked $40.8{\pm}11.3$ for male, $45.2{\pm}12.0$ for female, and $43.4{\pm}11.9$ for the total. Therefore there were significant differences between male and female in both groups(p<0.01, p<0.001), though no significant difference between the two groups. However, the depression score of elderlies in HFA might be much higher than that of CRE if 81 elderlies(14.2%) in HFA who had been left out of the statistical evaluation due to their having severe depression, organic brain syndrom, or pseudoementia, etc had been included. 2. The score distribution by items for the elderlies in HFA were from highest scores hopelessness, worthlessness, emptiness, decreased appetite, confusion, while for CRE, hopelessness, decreased appetite, psychomotor retardation, indecisiveness, and worthlessness. Elderlies in HFA showed significantly high scores in depressed mood, weight loss, suicidal rumination(ideation) and psychomotor excitement, while CRE showed significantly high scores in decreased appetite, psychomotor retardation, indecisiveness, and dissatisfaction. 3. Elderlies who scored over 50 numbered 10 males(16%), 57 females(34%), and total of 67(29%) in HFA and 28 males(21%), 77 females(37%), and total of 105(31%) in CRE : female showed higher seores in both groups. 4. Psychosocial factors such as getting older(respectively p<0.01, p<0.01), being Buddhist(respectively p<0.01, p<0.01), and monthly pocket money less than \30,000(respectively p<0.001, p<0.001) were found to have a noticable impact on the depression level of the elderlies in both groups. Factors such as illiteracy (p<0.001, monthly pocket money less than \10,000(p<0.05), and having no family(p<0.01) recorded significantly higher scores among CRE than the elderlies in HFA.

• 대한치과의료관리학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.51-60
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the importance of healthy attachment formation by examining the effects of dental hygiene students' adult attachment patterns on depression, self-esteem, empathy, and career choice, and to present basic data for career guidance that considers individual characteristics. Students enrolled in the dental hygiene department at a university in Daejeon were the subjects of this study, and data were collected from September 14 to October 14, 2020 through self-reported questionnaires. Frequency analysis, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed. As a result of classifying adult attachment styles into three types, out of a total of 158 people, 62 (39.2%) had the avoidant attachment style, 56 (35.4%) had the secure attachment style, and 40 (25.3%) had the anxious-ambivalent attachment style appear. Self-esteem according to attachment type (F=26.224, p<0.0001), empathy (F=3.944, p<0.05), depression (F=12.702, p<0.0001), career indecisiveness (F=4.367, p<0.05). Based on the results of identifying the sub-factors that affect the dental hygiene and adult attachment styles of students with depression, self-esteem, empathy and career choice, this study intends to use them as reference materials for career decision taking into account individual characteristics.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.412-429
• /
• 1993

For the purpose of promotion of mental health in the rural elderly, the author surveyed 558 elderlies aged 60 years or more, and assessed the prevalence rates of depression and cognitive impairment by using self-rating depression scale of Zung (SDS) and the Korean version of mini-mental state examination (MMSEK). Also the association between depression or cognitive function and socio-environmental factors were investigated. The major findings were as follows ; 1. The prevalence rates of severe depression and cognitive impairment were 20.9% and 14.9% in all the elderly of both sexes, respectively. 2. The rates of depression and cognitive impairment increased with increasing age in both sex groups. The mean scores of SDS increased and the mean scores of MMSEK decreased significantly among them (p<0.01). 3. Those being female, widows or widowers, and those having low levels of physical activity, showed significantly high the mean scores of depression and had significantly low the mean scores of cognitive impairment (p<0.01). 4. The depression scores relating to decreased libido, confusion, psychomotor retardation, hopelessness and indecisiveness were relatively high in both sexes. 5. All the items of mini-mental state examination were significantly correlated with depression. 6. In stepwise multiple regression analysis on depression, MMSEK, level of physical activity, chronic disease, marital status and family income were selected as highly correlated variables, and the $R^2$-value for these variables was 33.7%. 7. In stepwise multiple regression analysis on cognitive function, level of physical activity, age, depression, sex and marital status were selected as highly correlated variables, and the $R^2$-value for these variables was 62.6%. The depression and cognitive impairment of the elderly were positively correlated with nearly all sociodemographic variables.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.828-837
• /
• 2014

우유부단의 원인은 일반적으로 7가지로 제시되며, 그 중 하나는 다재다능함에 있다. 이에 본 연구는 우유부단형 내담자의 홀랜드 3코드와 내담자가 진술한 주제의 홀랜드 코드와의 일치성, 그리고 우유부단 형 내담자가 갖는 각 코드 값의 계측성을 분석하여 우유부단의 원인중 하나가 다재다능임을 규명하는데 그 목적을 두었다. 우유부단함을 호소하는 내담자 6명을 대상으로 홀랜드 6각형 일관성과 계측성에서 나타난 모형에서 다재다능함이 나타내는 지를 분석하였다. 분석결과, 사례분석대상 6명 모두가 3코드의 일관성이 낮고, 주제진술에서도 첫째코드와의 일관성이 낮았다. 또한 판정된 3코드와 주제진술에서도 어긋난 코드를 나타냈다. 6각형 모형에서 나타난 계측성을 보면, 6개의 코드가 모두 발달되었고, 서로 마주보는 코드의 계측성이 유사했다. 이러한 결과를 볼 때, 다양한 흥미구조를 갖고 있으면 다재다능하여 어느 한편으로 결정하기 어려워 우유부단함을 가져오는 것으로 해석된다.

• 대한불안의학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.16-21
• /
• 2011

Objective : Depressive symptoms often coexist with other anxiety disorder symptoms. Furthermore, an anxiety disorder that is comorbid with a depressive disorder results in more severe symptoms and a poorer outcome prognosis. To understand the construct of depressive symptoms in anxiety disorder, this study investigated the factor structure of the Beck Depression Inventory among outpatients with anxiety disorders. Methods : All data were from psychiatric department outpatients at a university-affiliated hospital. We conducted a principal component analysis using data from 194 outpatients with DSM-IV anxiety disorders and calculated goodness-of-fit-indices. Results : Exploratory factor analysis revealed a four factor structure--Cognitive-affective symptoms (Factor 1), Somatic symptoms (Factor 2), Self-reproach (Factor 3), and Hypochondriasis/indecisiveness (Factor 4)--and a 57% total variance. This four-factor model demonstrated an acceptable level of model fit, and it fit better than did a three-factor solution from the literature on depressive disorder. Conclusion : This study's results suggest a difference in the construct of self-reported depressive symptoms in anxiety disorders. These findings also support a dimensional approach to studying anxiety and depression. Further studies may benefit from including comorbid depressive disorder and its influence on anxiety disorders.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.295-304
• /
• 2015

방사선과 1, 2, 3학년 학생들의 부모진로지지(정보적, 정서적, 경제적, 경험적)의 영향으로 진로자기조절 관계(계획 및 점검, 긍정적사고, 진로피드백, 진로환경조성), 진로정체감 관계(진로결정, 우유부단, 진로미결정)을 알아보고자 설문을 중심으로 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 상관관계가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 부모진로지지 중에 정서적지지는 계획 및 점검(r=.25, p<.001), 진로피드백(r=.54, p<.001), 긍정적사고(r=.46, p<.001)는 높은 상관을 보였고, 정보적지지도 진로환경조성(r=.22, p<.001), 계획 및 점검(r=.20, p<.001), 진로피드백(r=.24, p<.001), 긍정적사고(r=.26, p<.001)도 모두 높은 상관을 보였다. 경제적지지는 진로피드백(r=.33, p<.001), 긍정적사고(r=.34, p<.001)은 다소 높은 상관을 보였다. 경험적지지는 진로환경조성(r=.18, p<.001), 계획 및 점검(r=.25, p<.001), 진로피드백(r=.37, p<.001), 긍정적사고(r=.30, p<.001) 모두 높은 상관을 보였다. 부모진로지지 중에 정서적지지는 진로결정(r=.27, p<.001), 경제적지지 역시 진로결정(r=.18, p<.001), 경험적지지도 진로결정(r=.23, p<.001)에서만 다소 높은 상관을 보였다. 부모진로지지에 따른 학년간의 차이는 정서적지지(F=8.52, p<.001), 경제적지지(F=8.97, p<.001), 경험적지지(F=5.36, p<.05)에 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 진로자기조절에 따른 학년간의 차이는 진로피드백(F=8.48, p<.001), 긍정적사고(F=16.29, p<.001)에 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 진로정체감에 따른 학년간의 차이는 진로미결정(F=4.01, p<.05), 진로결정(F=11.72, p<.001)에 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 부모진로지지가 진로과업을 성장시키는 자녀나 청소년들에게 얼마나 많은 영향력을 발휘하는지에 대한 연구 결과가 나왔으며, 전문적인 후속 연구가 필요로 하며 부모님들이 자녀의 진로나 의사결정에 전적으로 참여하기보다는 지원하고 도울 수 있는 객관적인 입장으로 보살펴주는 부모의 역할이 매우 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 특히 방사선과 전체 학생들은 자신이 진로결정 시 가장 영향을 준 사람은 본인의 의사를 제외하면 부모님의 영향(30.1%)이 높은 결과가 나왔으며, 또한 전공 선택 시 가장 큰 동기는 취업전망이 좋을 것 같아서가 40%로 높은 결과가 나왔다. 이러한 결과들은 고등학교에서 대학 진학 진로결정시 자신의 흥미나 적성보다는 현실적인 문제인 취업전망이 좋은 부분에 많은 관심을 가지고 진로결정을 하였다는 결과로 보여 지고 있다. 또한 정보, 정서, 경제, 경험들의 부모진로지지가 자신의 진로목표 및 목표를 달성하기 위해 자신을 조절할 수 있게 영향을 주며 또한 진로결정에 많은 영향력을 주는 것을 알 수 있으나, 현재 방사선과 학생들의 진로선택은 흥미나 적성보다는 시대에 맞춘 취업 전망이 중요한 부분이고, 또한 대부분의 부모도 미래에 자녀가 안정된 직업을 얻었으면 하는 바람을 갖고 있다. 이러한 기대로 방사선과에 입학한 학생들이 비록 적성과 흥미가 맞지 않아서 대학생활이나 전공공부 하는데 어려움을 겪고 있는 학생들에게 잘 적응 할 수 있도록 부모진로지지 만큼이나 학생들의 학습지도나 정서지지가 필요하다고 생각한다.