• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한산업공학회/한국경영과학회 1996년도 춘계공동학술대회논문집; 공군사관학교, 청주; 26-27 Apr. 1996
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• pp.333-336
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• 1996

This paper is an exploratory study aimed at finding factors that influence the penetration of cellular mobile telecommunications which have seen rapid development since 1980s. The paper tries to find economy and policy variables to influence the penetration by means of the multiple regression analysis. This paper shows a model that explain the penetration ratio of cellular service. The model is based on data from 39 upper middle income and 39 high income countries. The result shows that GDP per capita and the service period of the cellular mobile telecommunication have influenced on the penetration ratio positively, and the tariff of the service negatively. But, it is the open area to study the impact of the telecommunications policy changes on penetration, and to set a model which could explain the nation-specific characteristics.

• 한국인구학
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.65-86
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• 1985

Korean population is ecpected to reach about 50 million by year 2000. And per capita GNP might attain the $5,000 level. This is bound to have profound impact on housing. For one thing, population and income growth will accelerate new household formation thus increasing new housing needs. On the other, changes in the housing preference function in association with income growth and new way of life would mean increasing demand for better dwelling environment. In addition, by year 2000, there will be many more elderly households necessitating new approaches to housing. The question is whether or not Korea could cope with new housing perspectives. If Korean housing has made in the past some progress in housing quality, it has not been able to tackle the mounting housing shortage. This is attributable to the concentration of effective housing demand in the hands of upper income groups in association with skewed income distribution and sustained dwelling price hike. Korea needs some basic changes in housing policy. The public sector should produce much more small dwellings either for sales or renting. Second, mortgage loans should be expanded so as to increase the access to housing. Third, every thing must be done to cut down the dwelling price through tax cut, relaxation of some requlations, cyclical stabilization of dwelling construction and loan subsidies.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권12호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2021

Infrastructure capacities are essential elements and one of the sustainable lines to drive economic growth. Infrastructure development, both physical and social, is vital to sector-wise economic development. However, there is limited evidence of how infrastructure development in certain sectors benefits the economy as a whole. This study explains the relationships between infrastructure and economic growth in selected middle-income Asian countries, highlighting the essential criteria to benefit from both physical and social infrastructure, as well as sectoral (agriculture, industry, and services) economic output. The research uses the data from 1990 to 2020 for empirical estimations. The study used Levin, Lin, & Chu test, ADF- Fischer chi- Square, and PP- Fischer Chi-Square to test unit root and to observe the stationary nature of the panel. Padroni and Kao cointegration is applied to check the cointegration among different panes. A Fully Modified OLS was employed for checking the association between physical and social infrastructure and economic growth. Results show that physical and social infrastructure negatively impact sectoral output in Asia's middle-income countries. Apart from infrastructure the per capita GDP growth, tax to GDP ratio, and population growth shows a simultaneous relation between infrastructure and sectoral economic growth.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.319-325
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• 1974

A study on the status of sickness and medical care of insured and non-insured groups of employee and his family in Naju fertilizer company, in the year of 1973, was carried out. The results obtained are as follows: 1. 66.8% of all employee was subscribed in this medical insurance program. No woman employee was subscribed and the rate of subscription was increased from 16.1% to 92.0% by age increases. 2. Also, as of period of service, the rate of subscription was increased from 11.3% to 89.4% by the period gets longer. 3. Employee who reside within boundary of the company (76.2%) subscribed more than that whom reside outside boundary (63.9%). 4. Rate of subscription was also indreased by family size becomes larger. In case of single, it was only 19.6% but in the case of family size became more than 6, it increased to 87.4%, 5. As of amount of monthly income, although no one had subscribed those who get less than 30,000 won a month. Subscriber, increased by monthly income get greater. 6. Subscribed family reside within company boundary utilized hospital 35.5 times a year whereas non-subscribed family reside within these utilized 12.5 times. And, subscribed family reside outside boundary utilized hospital 32.2 times a year and non-subscribed family utilized 9.6 times. Regardless of resident area, family who subscribed to this program utilized hospital more often than non-subscribed family. 7. The utilization of the hospital became gradually frequent from 15.6 times to 36.5 times per family by family size became larger. but in non-subscribed group, although it was increased from 8.3 times to 16.5 times per family, it was droped to the least 6.9 times at 2 person family. 8. 17,496 hospital visits were made by all employee and his family in the year 1973. 86.9% of them was made by subscribed group and the rest (13.1%) was made by non-subscribed group. Observing of the type of these sickness by the classification of WHO, only three types of VII (26.7%), XVII (25.0%) and IX(19.3%) were made more often by non-subscribed group while the others were made more by subscribed group. 9. Anual average medical expenditure per family was 13,098.9 won for subscribed family while it was 3,076.1 won for non-subscribed family. 10. Anual average hospital visits per capita was 6.5 times for subscribed groups and 3.4 times for non-subscribed group. Anual average medical expenditure per capita was 2,580.8 won for subscribed group while it was 1,061.0 won for non-subscribed one.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.67-88
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• 2013

본 연구의 목적은 1978-2012년의 자료를 이용하여 중국의 동부지역, 중부지역, 서부지역 그리고 동북지역을 대상으로 이들 지역이 성장함에 따라 나타나는 지역격차의 패턴을 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 Williamson의 역U자형 가설과 Amos의 발전된 역U자형 가설을 검증하였다. 이를 통하여 지역이 역분극화 과정에 있는지 아니면 발전된 역분극화 과정에 있는지를 파악하였다. 연구결과를 보면 지역내 인당 절대적 경제격차모형에서는 동부지역, 중부지역, 서부지역과 지역간 모형 그리고 상대적 경제격차모형에서는 중부지역과 서부지역이 Williamson의 역U자형 가설이 지지되었다. 반면 지역간 모형과 서부지역은 Amos의 발전된 역U자형 가설이 지지되었다. 한편 도 농격차를 기준으로 한 모형에서는 절대적 경제격차의 지역간 모형과 상대적 경제격차의 중부지역은 Amos의 발전된 역U자형 가설이 지지되었고, 지역간 모형과 서부지역은 상대적 경제격차모형에서 Williamson의 역U자형 가설이 지지되어 이들 지역은 역분극화 과정이 진행되고 있음을 알 수 있다. 이 결과는 중국이 지역에 따라 역분극화 과정이 있는 지역도 있고 성장에 힘입어 공간적 재구조화가 진행되는 경우도 있음을 알 수 있다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2009

The environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis assumes an inverted U-shaped relationship between environmental damage and income, and such curves have been used to study how economic growth affects the environment. In this study, we analyzed data for gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and for sulfur emissions in the industrialized countries of the United Kingdom, United States of America, and Japan, as well as data for the developing country of China, to determine the relationship between emissions and income in these countries. Attempts by these countries' governments to incorporate environmental policy considerations into the income-environment relationship were also examined. The potential role of the environmental Kuznets curve as a policy tool was investigated. We determined that, at least in the case of sulfur emissions, policies and institutions significantly reduced environmental degradation in the industrialized countries studied. Furthermore, the environmental Kuznets curve can reliably predict the future relationship between environmental impact and GDP for developing countries.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권9호
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• pp.755-767
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• 2020

The objective of this study is to examine and provide guidelines for regional governments, communities, and the private sector in planning and implementing poverty-reduction activities that are more effective, efficient, and targeted. Besides, this research's specific aims are: 1) increasing the rate of regional economic growth through optimization of potential sources of local income, 2) increasing per-capita income, and 3) reducing poverty, unemployment, and social-economic inequality of the community. The study was conducted in North Morowali District, Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, in 2018-2019. The research approach used quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis. Data sources include sources from the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and Regional Statistics. The results of this study are based on the Millennium Development Goals (MDG's) indicators that there are four priority scales in poverty reduction, namely, Health and Infrastructure (Priority I), Education (Priority II), Food stability (Priority III), and Population and Employment (Priority IV). Therefore, as a solution to poverty alleviation strategies, the cost approach through regional economic optimization and local income sources and community empowerment factors are essential. Apart from that, the involvement between elements (government, organizations, society, universities, and institutions) is expected to continue as an effort to realize poverty reduction can be optimally overcome.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.277-287
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• 2020

The study examines the impact of international integration on Vietnam's rural and urban income inequalities using the regression model. The data used for this study is based on the results of the Vietnam Household Living Standards survey from 2008 to 2016 of the General Statistics Office. These surveys conducted nationwide with a sample size of 46,995 households in 3,133 communes/wards which were representative at national, regional, urban, rural and provincial levels. The level of international economic integration used in the study is the proportion of import and export turnover of GDP, the proportion of FDI and GDP by province. Due to the heterogeneity and unobservableness of the single observant in the data set, we selected the models of random and fixed effects. The research results show that during the economic integration process, the Export/GDP factor is negatively related to income inequality. The remaining factors (GDP per capita, FDI/GDP, Educational level of households, Percentage of internet users, Aggregation of foreign cash inflow and GDP of the province) are all positively related to income inequality. The findings help assess the impact of international integration on rural-urban income inequality, but also provides a concrete basis to help policymakers address income inequality in the integration process.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.145-158
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• 2017

Objectives: The importance of kimchi as a traditional food in Korean cuisine has gradually decreased due to rapid industrialization, economic growth and changes in dietary patterns in Korea. This study aimed to examine the shifts in kimchi consumption by region and by income level between 2005 and 2015 in Korea. Methods: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys III (2005) and VI (2015) were used in the study (n=15,558). Intake of kimchi was estimated using a single 24-hour dietary recall. The sample weights were applied in all analyses to reflect population estimates. All statistical analyses were carried out by using SPSS IBM Statistics 20. Results: Kimchi intake has significantly decreased by 27.6 g/day per capita during the last decade in Korea; 25.0 g for males and 29.9 g for females, respectively. Over the past decade, the decline of kimchi intake has been particularly significant in Seoul, Busan, Incheon, Gyeonggi, and Gwangju, while there has been no significant change in males living in rural areas. The consumption of kimchi across all income levels has decreased, however, the decrease was higher in 'middle and low income level'. The amount of kimchi consumption in 2015 was the highest in 'low income level'. The results were similar after adjusting for gender and age. Conclusions: For the past decade, the overall intake of kimchi in Korea has decreased, however, it has been found that the decrease of kimchi intake for males living in the rural areas was not significant. Therefore, in order to keep our traditional kimchi culture and promote a balanced diet including kimchi for Korean, it is necessary to develop more efficient policies and approaches. A variety of dishes using kimchi should be developed, besides merely serving kimchi with rice as a side dish, to increase the consumption of kimchi.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.117-132
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• 2012

소득이 일정수준에 도달하고 기본욕구가 충족되면 소득이 증가해도 행복지수는 올라가지 않는다고 한다. 이러한 현상의 대표적 사례가 이스털린의 역설이라고 설명하고 있다. 우리나라의 경우 국민소득이 2만 달러가 넘었는데도 삶의 질은 높지않고 유엔의 행복보고서에서는 한국의 행복지수가 10점 만점에서 5.8점으로 150개 중 56위에 머무르고 있다. 이러한 시점에서 본연구의 목적은 첫째, 행복역량은 교육을 통해 강화될 수 있는가? 둘째, 기술 가정 교과의 가정교과 영역의 행복역량교육 강화교과로서의 타당성은 어떠한가? 라는 연구문제를 가지고 이론적 연구와 전문가 심층면접을 통한 질적 연구를 진행하였다. 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. 개인당 GNP 2만 달러에 달하는 경제수준에 와 있는 국가로서 국가수준의 교육과정에서 추구하는 인간상을 구현하기 위해서는 교육을 통해 행복역량을 강화하는 교육을 펼쳐야 하며 행복은 교육을 통해 강화할 수 있다고 결론 내렸다. 특히 행복역량강화를 위해서는 생활경험을 통해 행복역량을 강화하는 것이 필요한데 학교 교육과정에서는 기술 가정교과의 가정교과 영역이 행복역량 강화를 위해 타당함을 알 수 있었다.