• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.32
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• pp.185-213
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• 2011

This thesis is studing Kim Chi-in's Life and Confucianism-Buddhism-Taoism-Unity of Namhak lind on Jinan in Junbuk. He combined thought of Confucianism-Buddhism-Taoism and drawed up religious doctrine, after spotting internal and external troubles of nation. Kim Chi-in was influenced by Lee Un-gyu's thought of Confucianism-Buddhism-Taoism-Unity. He spoke with emphasis of Tao in doctrine through religious experience. The root of Tao originates in heaven. Although Tao was divided according to Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism for the human's aspect of thought, it is ultimately the one. In time on explaining the one, he invoked 'eum(陰)', 'yang(陽)', 'che(體)'와 'yong(用)' as concepts of Neo-Confucianism. This ididn't incline to one side of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. While he spoke with emphasis on Confucianism's ethics of 'yang' and 'yong' with Buddhism and Taoism's divine of 'eum' and 'che' as the center, he want to find pivot of thought. He especially seeked Younggamu(詠歌舞) of sing and dancing on training mind and body. This was that he let the people and scholars in retirement demand realization of Tao and aim at real virtue. The study of Kim Chi-in's thought and religion of Confucianism-Buddhism-Taoism-Unity will be an opportunity look around his identity for the traditional native thought and universality.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.25-36
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• 2022

In this study, seepage control effect of relief well was evaluated quantitatively on embankment of small fill dam and levee. Seepage analysis of dam and levee were carried out according to the permeability of fill material and foundation and to analyze behaviour characteristics of seepage. The up-lift pressure at toe of embankment was analyzed which is generated by seepage according to relief well installation condition. The relief well could reduce pore water pressure which is to cause piping or up-lift pressure at foundation ground of embankment and it does not be influenced on geometric condition such as dam height and slope incline. In case of relative low permeable ground, the pore water pressure reduction effect of relief well was decreased compare with high permeable ground but it shows pore water pressure reduction effect compare with no relief well condition. The reduction effect of relief well shows relative gap according to diameter and penetration length of relief well and the installation length of relief well is the most effective factor for seepage control.

• Korean Association of Arts Management
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• no.55
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• pp.75-113
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• 2020

This research aims to identify current issues of arts education programs which have designed for North Korean Refugee Youth in South Korea and then navigates further steps to better serve the group. The purpose of study also pertains to the '2010 Seoul Agenda: Goals for the Development of Arts Education' announced at the Second World Conference on Arts Education, particularly, to the third Goal indicating how arts education practices can contribute to resolving social and cultural issues and promoting social cohesion and intercultural dialogues (UNESCO, 2010). This research engages with critical theory approach and adopts qualitative content analysis for collected documents and interview data. Based on the findings of this research, interview participants found its need of current arts education program for North Korean refugee youth become more value-driven and participant-centered. Currently, those programs available seem to incline to helping their adjustment to the South Korean society through arts-related activities, such as enhancing Korean language skills and learning Korean culture. Rather, it has been addressed that providing emotional and psychological supports and opportunities to search their own 'voice(s)' should be core objectives of the arts education programs. Moreover, when it is offered, arts educators and administrators need to make sure that participants can feel safe and secure as being present at the space for programs in order to express and encounter their true inner voice(s).

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.4D
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• pp.523-531
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• 2008

This study tried to find differences between housing lotting prices and sale prices owing to new multi-family housing price regulation. As the results of this study, they are as follows; First, this study shows housing market in Busan has a preferences of new housing which has a new housing form differing from the existing housing form. For example, the mixed-use apartment with higher stories shows steeper incline than the apartments with the existing forms. Second, the new housing prices are affected by the information that affect the price of the old existing housing. They are rates of green area of an apartment complex, the number of household, accessibility to downtown Busan and etc.. They are also confirmed factors that affect a rise of used-housing price in other studies. Third, brand value of apartments affects new housing prices. For example, if the major construction companies build the new apartment, it shows a rising trend than any other housing. Therefore, the local construction companies are expected to be put on a disadvantage places than major construction companies. Fourth, the lotting prices are the most important cause that lead to rise the new housing prices. Accordingly, the present lotting prices are expected that upward tendency the purchasing prices of the new housing will not continue, because the lotting prices have risen since the government removed lotting price regulations and exceeded the level of used-housing prices. And it denote that importance of housing sub-market which indicates rates of old existing housing market rising, frist preference Gu, second preference Gu, rate of multi-family housing.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.320-329
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• 2023

Background: Oral frailty has garnered considerable interest following its identification as a risk factor for physical frailty. The Korean oral frailty diagnosis criteria have emphasized the need for extensive research on oral frailty diagnostic items and interventions. Our study performed an in-depth analysis of the tongue-palate pressure patterns in healthy community-dwelling older adults. Methods: Of the 217 older adults aged ≥60 years who visited a senior center in Wonju, 205 participants who completed tongue pressure measurement were included in the final analysis. Pressure changes over time were recorded by instructing the participants to press their tongue against the hard palate with for 7 seconds per cycle. The participants were divided into the normal and abnormal tongue pressure (NTP and ATP, respectively) groups based on whether they achieved the target tongue pressure at least once; tongue pressure patterns were compared between the groups. Furthermore, the average time taken to achieve the standard tongue pressure value was calculated for the participants in the NTP group and used to evaluate the decrease in tongue pressure in the ATP group. Results: Among the 205 participants, 40.5% had ATP. The tongue pressure graph revealed a gentle and consistent incline that was maintained even after achieving standard tongue pressure in the NTP group. The graph was more extreme in the ATP group, and the changes in the pressure type varied across individuals; the tongue pressure was only 48.4%, 40.7%, 31.9%, and 22.6% of the NTP in the participants in their 60s, 70s, 80s, and ≥90s, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusion: Tongue pressure weakness was observed in 40.5% of the healthy community-dwelling older adults. Furthermore, ATP graphs were observed in the patients with tongue pressure weakness. Thus, activities improving the oral function in community-dwelling older adults and systematic oral rehabilitation programs should be devised to promote normal swallowing.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.27-42
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• 2024

Purpose: This study examined whether regular moderate-intensity treadmill exercise (Ex) and Syzygium aromaticum L. (SA) administration can influence lipid and muscle metabolism in obese rats induced by a 60% high-fat diet (HFD). Methods: Rats, except those in the Normal group, were exposed to a 60% HFD for 4 weeks to induce obesity. The obese rats were assigned randomly to three groups: HFD control group, HFD+Ex group, and HFD+Ex+SA group. Treadmill exercise was conducted five times a week for 4 weeks, with a 5° incline and a speed of 18 m/min (Week 1: 20 minutes; Weeks 2: 25 minutes; Weeks 3-4: 30 minutes). Serum analysis was performed. Western blot analysis was conducted on the liver and soleus muscle, and histopathological analysis was carried out on the liver and adipose tissues. Results: The body weight change in the Ex groups was significantly lower than in the HFD control group, while the soleus muscle weight in the HFD+Ex group increased significantly. The histopathological examination in the Ex groups revealed a marked reduction in liver lipid accumulation and a decrease in adipocyte size in adipose tissue. Obesity induction increased leptin levels substantially, but Ex notably reversed these changes. Ex resulted in significant inhibition of ROS and ONOO^-, whereas the serum inflammatory cytokine, IL-1β, and total cholesterol were reduced only by SA administration. Furthermore, the inflammatory proteins in the liver were inhibited more effectively when Ex was supplemented with SA. The expression of the muscle synthesis-related proteins and degradation proteins were modulated by Ex and Ex+SA. Conclusion: Ex significantly affected lipid and muscle metabolism, and adding SA alleviated the inflammation.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.13 no.3 s.55
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• pp.119-126
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• 2009

This study investigated the fire resistance of RC columns applying Fiber addition method, Fire board attaching method, and Fire proof sparying method. The results were summarized as following. The test showed that increase of fiber content, as expected, decreased the fluidity of fresh concrete, but for the types of fiber, the specimens containing nylon(NY) was favorable. The incline of fiber content also affected on the air content of concrete, which the specimens adding polypropylene(PP) fiber was the lowest, followed by a less decrease in polyvinyl alchhol(PVA) and then NY respectively. For the compressive strength at 28days, it was over 50MPa and showed slight increasing tendency by rising fiber contents. After the fire test completed, control concrete exhibited the severe demage, while the specimens containing more than 0.05vol.% of PP and NY was able to protect from spalling. In the case of splay, the partly spalling occurred at the all finishing material, however the RC columns were protected from spalling. For the methods attached with boards, all RC columns were protected except the dry attaching method. The reduced weight ratio was favorable because it was below 8 % except for plain concrete.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.381-401
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• 2024

To predict the ground subsidence caused by mines, various evaluation methods were applied to cases of ground subsidence in Korea, and the results were compared and analyzed. Continuous subsidence, which is relatively easily and accurately predicted, was excluded in this analysis. The stress arch - volumetric expansion method, limit equilibrium method, numerical analysis, probabilistic method, and evaluation method of the Korea Mine Rehabilitation and Mineral Resources Corporation (KO MIR) were applied to 36 subsidence cases, including subsidence location, width, and depth, and goaf width, depth, and incline data. The stress arch - volumetric expansion method was the most accurate with an accuracy of ~92%. In the case of the KOMIR method, the regression model is 86.1% accurate, but somewhat lower in accuracy using a triangular pyramidal volume. The stress arch - volumetric expansion and KOMIR methods have the disadvantage of evaluating whether subsidence occurs or not. In the case of the numerical analysis, the accuracy is 72.3% when estimating the subsidence depth, but is slightly lower (55.8%) when estimating the subsidence width. The probabilistic and limit equilibrium methods have similar accuracies of 50.8~63.7%. Given it is possible to determine whether subsidence occurs, and the subsidence location, width, and depth with each method, it is recommended to apply various methods when evaluating sinkhole-type subsidence.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.27-57
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• 2008

Many consumers enjoy the challenge of purchasing a brand that matches well with their own values and personalities (for example, Ko et al., 2008; Ko et al., 2006). Therefore, the personalities of consumers can impact on the final selection of a brand and its brand personality in two ways: first, the consumers may incline to purchase a brand or a product that reflects their own personalities; second, consumers tend to choose a company that has similar brand personalities to those brands that are being promoted. Therefore, the objectives of this study are following: 1. Is there any empirical relationship between a consumer's personality and the personality of a brand that he or she chooses? 2. Can a corporate brand be differentiated by the brand personality? In short, consumers are more likely to hold favorable attitudes towards those brands that match their own personality and will most probably purchase those brands matching well with their personality. For example, Matzler et al. (2006) found that extraversion and openness were positively related to hedonic product value; and that the personality traits directly (openness) and indirectly (extraversion, via hedonic value) influenced brand effects, which in turn droved attitudinal and purchase loyalty. Based on the above discussion, the following hypotheses are proposed: Hypothesis 1: the personality of a consumer is related to the brand personality of a product/corporate that he/she purchases. Kuksov (2007) and Wernerfelt (1990) argued that brands as a symbolic language allowed consumers to communicate their types to each other and postulated that consumers had a certain value of communicating their types to each other. Therefore, how brand meanings are established, and how a firm communicate with consumers about the meanings of the brand are interesting topics for research (for example, Escalas and Bettman, 2005; McCracken, 1989; Moon, 2007). Hence, the following hypothesis is proposed: Hypothesis 2: A corporate brand identity is differentiated by the brand personality. And there are significant differences among companies. A questionnaire was developed for collecting empirical measures of the Big-Five personality traits and brand personality variables. A survey was conducted to the online access panel members through the Internet during December 2007 in Korea. In total, 500 respondents completed the questionnaire, and considered as useable. Personality constructs were measured using the Five-factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) scale and a total of 30 items were actually utilized. Brand personality was measured using the five-dimension scale developed by Aaker (1997). A total of 17 items were actually utilized. The seven-point Likert-type scale was the format of responses, for example, from 1 indicating strongly disagreed to 7 for strongly agreed. The Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) was used for an empirical testing of the model, and the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) was applied to estimate numerical values for the components in the model. To diagnose the presence of distribution problems in the data and to gauge their effects on the parameter estimates, bootstapping method was used. The results of the hypothesis-1 test empirically show that there exit certain causality relationship between a consumer's personality and the brand personality of the consumer's choice. Thus, the consumer's personality has an impact on consumer's final selection of a brand that has a brand personality matches well with their own personalities. In other words, the consumers are inclined to purchase a brand that reflects their own personalities and tend to choose a company that has similar brand personalities to those of the brand being promoted. The results of this study further suggest that certain dimensions of the brand personality cause consumers to have preference to certain (corporate) brands. For example, the conscientiousness, neuroticism, and extraversion of the consumer personality have positively related to a selection of "ruggedness" characteristics of the brand personality. Consumers who possess that personality dimension seek for matching with certain brand personality dimensions. Results of the hypothesis-2 test show that the average "ruggedness" attributes of the brand personality differ significantly among Korean automobile manufacturers. However, the result of ANOVA also indicates that there are no significant differences in the mean values among manufacturers for the "sophistication," "excitement," "competence" and "sincerity" attributes of the corporate brand personality. The tight link between what a firm is and its corporate brand means that there is far less room for marketing communications than there is with products and brands. Consequently, successful corporate brand strategies must position the organization within the boundaries of what is acceptable, while at the same time differentiating the organization from its competitors.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.2021-2031
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• 2013

Due to the rapid economic growth within the nation, the quality of life of individuals have improved dramatically. The scope of living activities of individuals have also extended, resulting in a rapidly increasing demand for automobiles. The number of vehicles registered in Korea is rapidly increasing and will reach 188.71 million as of December 2012. Compared to the registered residents of 50.94 million provided by the Ministry of Public Administration and Security, the registered population reflects about 4 people per every automobile. Due to the high demands for vehicles, the demands for parking lots in collective housing and businesses are also increasing. In reality, the current state of expansion of parking lots are underground, due to the limited available space on ground level. Specifically, the slope of a parking lot cannot exceed 17% linear slope and 14% curved slope according to the 'parking lot laws', however studies show that the driver feels at risk for safety when stopped on the parking ramp while driving in the parking lot. This study seeks to examine the suitability of parking lot ramps, concerning the safety aspects of the driver. First, the ramp type was categorized as linear or curved, then test drives were performed based on variations of slopes, slant distances, directions and points. A survey was administered to the driver after the completion of the test drive, in order to element design for an ideal ramp. In the case of curved ramp, the results of the estimate suggests a counterclockwise, slope at a maximum of 12% incline. The maximum slope for a linear ramp was analyzed to be between 13~14%, suggesting that slope greater than 15% need to be eliminated. In conclusion, it is anticipated that the element design parking ramp reported in this study will help to serve as a reference for future parking lot related guidelines, and provide cost effective traffic safety mechanisms in future parking lot businesses to follow.