• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.32 no.5 s.94
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• pp.355-360
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• 2002

After orthodontic treatment, there are several changes in soft tissue profile. Changes appear at lower anterior facial profile area, especially upper and lower lip. But there are many individual variations in the pattern of changes. So, this study was conducted to find out that the basic upper lip thickness could be one of the factors that could influence the treatment results. The samples were composed of 43 adult patients who had their 4 first premolars extracted. Groups were classified by their basic lip thickness. In group 1(thin upper lip group), there was negative relationship between mentolabial angle and lower lip change. In group 2(average lip thickness group), upper lip change was related to upper incisor change, lower incisor change, lower lip change and nasolabial angle change. And lower lip change was related to upper lip change, upper incisor change, lower incisor change. In group 3(thick upper lip group), there was no relation between both lip change and other variables.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.39-42
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• 1975

A large granuloma was treated by apicoectomy and tampon change. The granuloma was developed at the apices of the right upper central incisor and lateral incisor. The patient was 29 year old female.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.367-376
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• 2018

Objective: This study was performed to investigate the changes in alveolar bone after maxillary incisor intrusion and to determine the related factors in deep-bite patients. Methods: Fifty maxillary central incisors of 25 patients were evaluated retrospectively. The maxillary incisors in Group I (12 patients; mean age, $16.51{\pm}1.32years$) were intruded with a base-arch, while those in Group II (13 patients; mean age, $17.47{\pm}2.71years$) were intruded with miniscrews. Changes in the alveolar envelope were assessed using pre-intrusion and post-intrusion cone-beam computed tomography images. Labial, palatal, and total bone thicknesses were evaluated at the crestal (3 mm), midroot (6 mm), and apical (9 mm) levels. Buccal and palatal alveolar crestal height, buccal bone height, and the prevalence of dehiscence were evaluated. Two-way repeated measure ANOVA was used to determine the significance of the changes. Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis was performed to assess the relationship between dental and alveolar bone measurement changes. Results: Upper incisor inclination and intrusion changes were significantly greater in Group II than in Group I. With treatment, the alveolar bone thickness at the labial bone thickness (LBT, 3 and 6 mm) decreased significantly in Group II (p < 0.001) as compared to Group I. The LBT change at 3 mm was strongly and positively correlated with the amount of upper incisor intrusion (r = 0.539; p = 0.005). Conclusions: Change in the labial inclination and the amount of intrusion should be considered during upper incisor intrusion, as these factors increase the risk of alveolar bone loss.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.375-379
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• 2010

Introduction: In the management of dentofacial deformities, variable movement of the maxilla can be made possible by a Le Fort I osteotomy. Posterior impaction of the maxilla necessary for rotation of the maxillomandibular complex enhances the functions and esthetic results. In cases of posterior impaction of the maxilla, an increase in the figure of the occlusal plane angle and incisor inclination can occur. This study reports the relationship between the amount of posterior impaction and the change in the occlusal plane angle and incisor inclination in a Le Fort I osteotomy by preoperative and postoperative lateral cephalograms. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients who had undergone orthognathic surgery in Dong-A University Medical Center participated in this study. Lateral cephalometrics, within 3 weeks prior to surgery and 3 days after surgery, were used for analysis. Pre and postoperative measurements of the occlusal plane angle and incisal inclination based on the Frankfort horizontal (FH) plane were performed. X and Y were defined as the amount of vertical change in the upper incisor tip and the amount of vertical change in the upper first molar mesial cup tip through the operation. The amount of final posterior maxillary impaction was determined by subtracting Y from X, which is the difference in vertical height. According to the amount of posterior maxillary impaction, the change in the occlusal plane angle and incisal inclination was measured. Results: The average posterior maxillary impaction was 2.91 mm and the average change in the occlusal plane angle and incisal inclination was $6.54^{\circ}$after surgery. As a result, each mm of posterior maxillary impaction changed the occlusal plane angle and incisal inclination by $2.25^{\circ}$. Statistically, there was high significance. Two cases were observed: one with the same amount of posterior maxillary impaction performed on both the right and left showing $2.20^{\circ}$, and the other with a different amount of posterior maxillary impaction performed showing $2.35^{\circ}$. In this case, there was no significance difference between the two cases. Conclusion: Each mm of posterior maxillary impaction changes the occlusal plane angle and incisal inclination by an average of $2.25^{\circ}$. In posterior maxillary impaction, there was no significant difference in the amount of change in the occlusal plane angle and incisal inclination regardless of whether there was an equal amount of posterior maxillary impaction on both sides. This study is expected to help in the presurgical orthodontic preparation and presurgical treatment planning.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.21-32
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• 1980

The purpose of this study is to determine the developmental relationship between the maxillary primary central incisors and their permanent successor. The auther took 315 cases of lateral cephalogram of the children (males were 171, females were 141) Angular change of the teeth and horizontal and vertical linear change were observed. The obtained results were as follows: 1. The inclination of the long axes of both incisor teeth was relatively stable and labio-version of both incisore was significant at 7 years of age. 2. The distance between the incisal edge of the permanent central insisor and the resorbing apex of the primary maxillary central incisor remained within 2mm of each other, 3. Vertical growth of the maxillary anterior portion was greater than horizontal growth from 6 to 7 years of age. 4. There was not a significant sexual difference.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.563-567
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• 1975

This present investigation was concerned with the content of collagen and minerals of incisor and molar dentin in rats of differednt ages. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. There was no remarked change in the content of collagen-hydroxyproline of incisor and molar dentin according to days after delivery. 2. The Ca content in incisor dentin rose from approximately 15.4% of the dry weight in 7 days after delivery to 21.1% in 22 days while that in molar dentin from 17.6% in 7 days to 19.7% in 22 days. 3. The P content in molar dentin rose from 8.5% in 7 days after delivery to 11.65% in 22 days. while in incisor rose from 8.05% in 7 days to 11.85 in 22 day after delivery.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.103-113
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• 1984

This work was undertaken to evaluate the integumental response in lower face to hard tissue changes, and to grope the prediction equation for expected integumental profile changes. Cephalometric headplates of 25 persons consisted of 8 Angle's class 1 maxillary protrusive and 17 Angle's class II division 1 patients whose mean age was 15.2 years were traced, diagramatized, and statistically analyzed. The results were as follows; 1. Upper incisor and lips were retracted and convexity of integumental profile decreased concurrently with decrease of hard tissue procumbency, however soft tissue point A', B', and Pog' did not undergo significant changes after orthodontic treatment. 2. Remarkable increment of upper lip thickness and upper lip height was shown and this was related to upper incisor retraction. The ratio between the amount of upper incisor retraction and the increment o f upper lip thickness was approximately 1.16:1. 3. Moderate correlation of upper lip retraction to upper incisor retraction, and of lower lip retraction to lower incisor movement were arranged, and yet comparatively wide variability from subject to subject was shown. 4. It was possible to predict statistically for horizontal alteration of lip position and change of upper lip angulation ground in orthodontic treatment.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.65-78
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• 1997

This study was carried out in order to determine soft tissue response to incisor movement and mandibular repositioning and to determine feasibility of predicting vertical and horizontal changes in soft tissue with hard tissue movement. For this study, cephalometric records of 41 orthodontically treated adult females who had Angle's Class II division 1 malocclusion were selected and stepwise multiple regression analysis was employed. Following conclusions were obtained by analysing the changes of soft tissue and hard tissue before and after treatment. 1. Hard tissue measurements that showed significant changes before and after treatment were horizontal and angular changes of maxillary incisor, horizontal,vertical and angular changes of mandibular incisor, overjet, overbite, interincisal angle, mandibular repositioning, A,B, skeletal convexity and soft tissue measurements that showed significant changes were horizontal, thickness and angular changes of upper lip, horizontal and angular changes of lower lip, interlabial angle, nasolabial angle labiomental angle, Sri, Ss, Si and soft tissue convexity(P<0.05). 2. All Soft tissue measurements changed significantly before and after treatment had between one and four hard tissue independent variables at statistically significant level, indicating that all soft tissue changes were direct relationship with hard tissue changes 3. Ova jet, horizontal change of maxillary incisor, horizontal change of maxillary root apex and horizontal change of pogonion entered into prediction equations most frequentely indicating that they were more significant variables in prediction of vertical and horizontal changes in the soft tissue with treatment, but vertical changes of mandibular incisor not entered any prediction equations, indicating that it was not considered a good predictor for soft tissue changes with maxillary incisor retraction. 4. Horizontal and vertical changes in subnasale were found to have most independent variables, significant at the 0.05 level in prediction-equations(${\Delta}$Sn(H):Ur, Is(H), Pg(H), UIA,${\Delta}$Sn(V): Is(H), Pg(H), overjet, A), indicating that subnasale changes are influenced by complex hard tissue interaction. 5. Multiple correlation coefficient($R^2$) of the soft tissue prediction equations ranges from 0.2-0.6.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.95-102
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to show occlusion on the simple hinge articulator optionally mounted. Modelling of upper-lower jaw and simple hinge articulator were developed. This modelling of upper-lower jaw inserting wax bite was mounted imaginary on the modelling of simple hinge articulator by use of the computer simulation. From changes of THA(transverse horizontal axis)-incisor distance, Balkwill angle and THA deviation, eight types were mounted respectively. After removal of wax bite, upper-lower jaw position changing were compared with centric jaw relation. The results were as follows: 1. The change of THA-incisor distance had influence on mostly a vertical shift of upper jaw. 2. The change of Balkwill angle had influence on mostly a horizontal shift of upper jaw. 3. Inferior type in the THA deviations was the least shift of upper jaw. The above results suggest that the simple hinge articulator optionally mounted effect a shift of upper jaw.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.3 s.62
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• pp.411-420
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• 1997

The propose of this study was to quantify the changes of soft tissue profile following orthodontic treatment and to evaluate the relationship of those to the skeletal elements. Pre-and post-treatment lateral cephalometric head films of 40 cases(20 extraction cases, 20 non-extraction cases) were traced, and the changes following treatment were measured and quantified by digital subtraction method, and statisticall analyzed. The obtained results were as follows; 1. in extraction group, the change of upper lip area(UL) was $558.60\pm355.17$ pixels, that of lower lip area(LL) was $941.15\pm364.07$ pixels. But, in non-extraction group the change of uper lip area(UL) was $125.65\pm404.16$ pixels, that of lower lip area(LL) was $104.05\pm440.93$ pixels, which was significantly lesser than those in extraction group. 2. In extraction group, there was significant correlationship between upper lip area change(UL) and difference of upper incisor point(${\Delta}UIP$). Lower lip area change(LL) was significantly correlated with difference of upper incisor(${\Delta}UIP$), difference of Franlrfort upper incisor angle(${\Delta}FUIA$) or difference of interincisal angle(${\Delta}IIA$). 3. In extraction group, the ratio of difference of upper incisor point(${\Delta}UIP$) to difference of labrale superius(${\Delta}LSP$) was 1.68; difference of lower incisor point(${\Delta}LIP$) to difference of labrale inferius(${\Delta}LI$) was 1.19; difference of upper incisor point(${\Delta}UIP$) to increment in upper lip thickness(${\Delta}TUL$) was 1.95. 4. In non-extraction group, there was a significant correlationship between upper lip area change(UL) and difference of upper incisor point(${\Delta}UIP$).