• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.20
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• pp.8815-8822
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• 2014

Background: The incidence of stomach cancer in India is highest in the state of Mizoram. In this population based matched case-control study, we evaluated the relationship between CYP450 2E1 RsaI polymorphism and risk of stomach cancer taking into considering various important dietary habits along with tobacco, alcohol consumption and H. pylori infection status. Materials and Methods: A total of 105 histologically confirmed stomach cancer cases and 210 matched healthy population controls were recruited. CYP2E1 RsaI genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP and H. pylori infection status by ELISA. Information on various dietary, tobacco and alcohol habits was recorded in a standard questionnaire. Results: Our study revealed no significant association between the CYP2E1 RsaI polymorphism and overall risk of stomach cancer in Mizoram. However, we observed a non-significant protective effect of the variant allele (A) of CYP2E1 against stomach cancer. Tobacco smokers carrying C/C genotype have three times more risk of stomach cancer, as compared to non-smokers carrying C/C genotype. Both Meiziol and cigarette current and past smokers who smoked for more than 10 times per day and carrying the (C/C) genotype are more prone to develop stomach cancer. Smoke dried fish and preserved meat (smoked/sun dried) consumers carrying C/C genotype possesses higher risk of stomach cancer. No significant association between H. pylori infection and CYP2E1 RsaI polymorphism in terms of stomach cancer was observed. Conclusions: Although no direct association between the CYP2E1 RsaI polymorphism and stomach cancer was observed, relations with different tobacco and dietary risk habits in terms of developing stomach cancer exist in this high risk population of north-eastern part of India. Further in-depth study recruiting larger population is required to shed more light on this important problem.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.48-53
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• 1984

Using the Duff and Noland's method, the annual ring growth patterns of the red pine in the natural stands were examined at two locations; Seocheon, Chungnam-do where the stand had been infested with the pine needle gall midge, Thecodiplosis japonensis, during the years from 1975 to 1978, and Hongsong, Chungnam-do where had been no incidence of the insect damage. The results obtained are as follows: 1) With the normal red pine of 13 year old, the growth pattern in the oblique sequence indicates that the annual growth rates are maximum at the few terminal internodes, and decrease gradually with the downward internodes. Such characteristic of the growth pattern is not clear in the horizontal sequence of annual rings. 2) The indications of the radial growth reduction of the pine tree due to the pine gall midge infestation could be examined with any of three series at the crown level internodes; horizontal, vertical and oblique series. For the basal internodes, however, the horizontal series appeared to be inadequate for the analysis of the damage impact because it seemed to be masked by various factors other than direct effects of the damage. 3) Of the three ways of radial growth analyses, oblique sequence seems to be the most usefull, especially for the detection of the impact on growth caused by incipient or light infestation.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.912-916
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• 2014

Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Siebold and Zucc.) is a deciduous tree of the family Rosaceae, and it has long been used as a folk remedy for cough and dyspepsia. A new cultivar 'Okjoo' was developed from a cross between 'Gyokuei' and 'Rinsyu' carried out at the National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science in 1993. It w as s elected for good shape, large size and high yield capacity in 2006, and then it was granted official patent No. 4556 in 2013. It blooms 4 days and 2 days earlier than 'Gyokuei' and 'Rinsyu', respectively. Its flower petal color is pink, and the pollen amount is negligible. Its S-genotype, determined using Polymerase Chain Reaction with a S-RNase gene-specific primer pair, is $S_3S_6$. The average optimum harvest time of 'Okjoo' is late June. The fruit is round in shape and its suture is shallow. Average fruit weight is 18.5 g, and it contains total soluble solids $7.66^{\circ}Brix$ and titratable acidity at 4.81%. Fruit skin color is green. Sometimes only the light side of the fruits seems to develop blush. The incidence levels of scab (Cladosporium carpophilum Thumen) and bacterial shot hole (Xanthomonas arboricola pv. Pruni) are quite low. Consequently, 'Okjoo' seems to be a promising new cultivar for Japanese apricot growers.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.109-121
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• 1991

This study was carried out to investigate the morbidity of fatty liver in cattle at the abattoir and on the farm, and to cytodiagnose fatty liver in cattle by fine needle aspiration biopsy. Incidence rates of fatty liver in cattle, detected macroscopically or based on hepatic lipid content by buoyancy, were 0.30% in Korean native cows, 4.70% in dairy cows, and 0.15% in dairy bull. Fatty liver was enlarged, swollen with round edges, light weight, and pale to yellow-orange color, but its color was not always correlated to the severity of fatty liver. The findings of fat infiltration of the hepatic lobule were large droplets around central vein, fine droplets in the periphery, and fat infiltration in the perivascular region execpt for most of normal liver and severe fatty liver. The sensitivty, specificity, and accuracy of cytological finding compared with hepatic lipid content by buoyancy were 94.4%, 95.2%, and 94.9% in normal cases, 64.3%, 100%, and 87.2% in mild cases, 100%, 83.3%, and 87.2% in moderate cases, and 100%, 100%, and 100% in sesvere cases, respectively. Cytological findings were well correlated with histological findings. Complications of fine needle aspiration biopsy were not recognized clinically. Consequently, the cytodiagnosis by fine needle aspiration biopsy is simple, rapid, safe, and economical method compared with histological techniques in the diagnosis of fatty liver in cattle.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.567-572
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Anti-Thrombotic Activities and Cardiovascular Improvement of Fermented Garlic Extracts. The incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is increasing rapidly in developed countries, with CVDs now representing the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Natural products and ethnomedicines have been shown to reduce the risk of CVDs. Garlic is a medicinal plant used throughout the world for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiplatelet activities. We hypothesized that fermented preparations of these products may possess stronger antiplatelet effects than the non-fermented forms owing to the increased bioavailability of the bioactive compounds produced during fermentation. Therefore, we compared these compounds via in vitro and ex vivo platelet aggregation assays by using standard light transmission aggregometry and ex vivo granule secretions from rat platelets. We found that fermented preparations exerted more potent and significant inhibition of platelet aggregation both in vitro and ex vivo. Likewise, ATP release from dense granules of platelets was also significantly inhibited in fermented preparation-treated rat platelets compared to that in non-fermented preparation-treated ones. We concluded that fermented preparations exerted more potent effects on platelet function both in vitro and ex vivo, possibly as a result of the increased bioavailability of active compounds produced during fermentation. We therefore suggest that fermented products may be potent therapeutics against platelet-related CVDs and can be used as antiplatelet and antithrombotic agents.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1593-1595
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• 2007

In the study of investigate the expression and effects of adrenomedullin (AM) in the tissue injured by ethanol in our laboratory, there were lymphosarcomas involving mesenteric lymph node and intestine discovered in experimental mice. Lymphosarcoma is probably the second most common spontaneous neoplastic disease, the incidence of which is dependent on the strain of mouse. The diagnosis of lymphosarcoma was based on gross and light microscopic studies. Crossly, the excised intestine and mesentery showed soft-to-firm, cream-colored, displayed protuberance into the lumen. The neoplastic cells had mainly infiltrated into the mucosal and mesenteric lymph node, and have round hyperchromatic nuclei and a small amount of cytoplasm. The origin of these tumor cells was determined by immunohistochemistry positive of CD20, CD3 and Vimentin.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.336-343
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• 2019

In order to investigate the density of seasonal incidence of mosquitoes, a vector of infectious diseases in Jeju region, this study collected mosquitoes using a Black light trap (BL) and Biogents' Sentinel 2 Mosquito Trap (BG), dividing the region into cattle sheds, habitats for migratory birds, and the downtown area, twice a month for 9 months from March through November 2018. Then, this study conducted identification and classification and checked for the presence of Flavivirus using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). As for the mosquito population, 1,847 mosquitoes (six genera, 12 species) were collected. The places where most mosquitoes were collected were copses near craft workshops in habitats for migratory birds and Jungang-dong in the Seogwipo downtown area. For the population, Culex pipiens pallens was the dominant species (76.9%), followed by Aedes albopictus (8.9%). Most of the population was collected in June, followed by August and October. This study conducted a RT-PCR test with 1,847 collected mosquitoes, which were divided into 50 pools if they had Flavivirus. All turned out to be negative. However, the results of the investigation show the presence of Culex tritaineniorhychus, Aedes albopictus, and Anopheles sinensis and can be used as a basis for the comprehensive prevention management of mosquitoes.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.70-77
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• 2022

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been attracting significant attention in modern society, owing to the increased incidence rate of various diseases along with population growth. EDCs are found in many commercial products, including some plastic bottles and containers, detergents, liners of metal food cans, flame retardants, food, toys, cosmetics, and pesticides. EDCs have a hormonal effect on the human body, which disrupts the endocrine system, notably affecting sexual differentiation and normal reproduction, and can trigger cancer as well. Recently, the association between neurological diseases and EDCs has become a hot topic of research in the field of neuroscience. Considering that EDCs negatively affect not only neuronal proliferation and neurotransmission but also the formation of the neuronal networks, EDCs may induce neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder as well as neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. In light of these potentially deleterious outcomes, important efforts have been underway to minimize the exposure to EDCs through appropriate regulations and policies around the world, but chemicals that have not yet been associated with endocrine disrupting properties are still in wide use. Therefore, more epidemiological investigations and research are needed to fully understand the effects of EDCs on the nervous system.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.155-165
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• 2015

Well-feathered (over 10 feathers) 'Fuji'/M.9 apple trees were planted at $3.0{\times}1.0m$ and trained to slender spindle with 2.5 m height or to tall spindle with 3.5 m height, and the vegetative growth, productivity, and fruit quality of two training systems were compared for 8 years. The canopy volume of the tall spindle trees surpassed that of the slender spindle trees 4 years after planting and was 25% larger than that of the slender spindle trees 5 years after planting. The accumulated yield over 8 years for the tall spindle system was 14% higher than that of the slender spindle system. Alternate bearing and incidence of marssonina blotch were observed in both treatments after 5 years of planting. There was often vegetative imbalance in the trees however, the degree of yield loss and vegetative imbalance of the tall spindle trees was lower than those of the slender spindle trees. Soluble solid content and fruit red color of the tall spindle trees were higher than that of the slender spindle trees in 5 year after planting, resulting from increased light penetration in the canopy due to even distribution of lateral branches and from fruit bearing in different height locations of the trees. In conclusion, increasing the tree height to about 3.5 m using slender spindle 'Fuji'/M.9 apple trees planted with over 333 trees per 10a led to better light penetration, yield and fruit quality compared to a conventional wide training system with the slender spindle.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2004

Growth and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) with arch training method were evaluated on several training heights, planting densities, and topping node orders. Cucumber cultivar 'Eunsung-baekdadagi' was planted on 9 June with three training heights of 1.5, 1.8, and 2.1 m, there planting densities of 90${\times}$40, 90${\times}$50, and 90${\times}$60 cm, and five topping node orders of 20th, 30th, 35th, and nontopping. The plot of 2.1 m training height resulted in the higher sun-scald fruit rates due to the higher temperature above 37$^{\circ}C$ in the upper space of plastic house. The plot of 1.8 m arch training height showed higher fruit setting and marketable yield rate compared to the other training heights. The maketable yield rate with 1.8 m height arch training was 102,691 kg ${\cdot}$ $ha^{-1}$, 21% higher value than that of 1.5 m. Powdery mildew incidence increased with the increase of planting density. Lower LAI were shown depending on the higher topping node order. Lower light transmission ratio was shown in the higher planting density plots, might be due to the crowded stems and leaves inside those plots. Fruit setting rate was also higher in main stems rather than in lateral ones. Marketable yie이 in 90${\times}$50 cm planting distance with 35th node topping treatment was 98,311 kg ${\cdot}$ $ha^{-1}$, 5% higher than that 90${\times}$40 cm planting distance with 30th node topping treatment. Thus the 1.8 m of training height, 90${\times}$50 cm of planting distance, and 35th node topping was evaluated for the effective cultivation condition in arch training of cucumber in highland.