• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2006년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.551-561
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• 2006

Incheon bridge project is to construct total 12km long bridges on the sea consist of 800m span length cable stayed bridge, approach bridge and viaduct bridge based on LRFD design specification. To design pile foundations by RCD of each bridge unit, total 4 number of preliminary full scale pile load tests with Osterberg cell method were carried out on the piles for testing. The test load was planned to more than the expected design ultimate capacity and about 29,000tons maximum load was recorded. From the interpretation of test results, design parameters are evaluated and applied to the design. Preliminary pile load test plan and detailed execution of pile load tests are introduced and summarized. The resistance factors are presented for pile design of Incheon Bridge Project in LRFD considering variation of ground conditions and number of test piles.

• 기술사
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.42-48
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• 2006

This is briefly to introduce about design and construction method newly adopted in Incheon bridge construction site. The Incheon Bridge Project are divided into 3 parts, that is Cable Stayed Bridge. Viaduct Bridge and Approach Bridge. In this paper, we will describe overview and construction sequence of each kind part.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 추계 학술발표회 제17권2호
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• pp.221-224
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to introduce design practice for transverse reinforcement in piles where the top of the pile is free-standing above the ground in accordance with AASHTO LRFD Design Specification. Based on the relevant requirements, the amount and spacing of transverse spiral reinforcement is given for the two different pile types, namely piles with pile cap and pile bents. In addition, a recommended design procedure is introduced depending on the predicted behaviour of the piles from the analysis.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 세계 도시지반공학 심포지엄
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• pp.133-144
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• 2009

Incheon Bridge, 18.4 km long sea-crossing bridge, will be opened to the traffic in October 2009 and this will be the new landmark of the gearing up north-east Asia as well as the largest & longest bridge of Korea. Incheon Bridge is the integrated set of several special featured bridges including a magnificent cable-stayed girder bridge which has a main span of 800 m width to cross the navigation channel in and out of the Port of Incheon. Incheon Bridge is making an epoch of long-span bridge designs thanks to the fully application of the AASHTO LRFD (load & resistance factor design) to both the superstructures and the substructures. A state-of-the-art of the geotechnologies which were applied to the Incheon Bridge construction project is introduced. The most Large-diameter drilled shafts were penetrated into the bedrock to support the colossal superstructures. The bearing capacity and deformational characteristics of the foundations were verified through the world's largest static pile load test. 8 full-scale pilot piles were tested in both offshore site and onshore area prior to the commencement of constructions. Compressible load beyond 30,000 tonf pressed a single 3 m diameter foundation pile by means of bi-directional loading method including the Osterberg cell techniques. Detailed site investigation to characterize the subsurface properties had been carried out. Geotextile tubes, tied sheet pile walls, and trestles were utilized to overcome the very large tidal difference between ebb and flow at the foreshore site. 44 circular-cell type dolphins surround the piers near the navigation channel to protect the bridge against the collision with aberrant vessels. Each dolphin structure consists of the flat sheet piled wall and infilled aggregates to absorb the collision impact. Geo-centrifugal tests were performed to evaluate the behavior of the dolphin in the seabed and to verify the numerical model for the design. Rip-rap embankments on the seabed are expected to prevent the scouring of the foundation. Prefabricated vertical drains, sand compaction piles, deep cement mixings, horizontal natural-fiber drains, and other subsidiary methods were used to improve the soft ground for the site of abutments, toll plazas, and access roads. Light-weight backfill using EPS blocks helps to reduce the earth pressure behind the abutment on the soft ground. Some kinds of reinforced earth like as MSE using geosynthetics were utilized for the ring wall of the abutment. Soil steel bridges made of corrugated steel plates and engineered backfills were constructed for the open-cut tunnel and the culvert. Diverse experiences of advanced designs and constructions from the Incheon Bridge project have been propagated by relevant engineers and it is strongly expected that significant achievements in geotechnical engineering through this project will contribute to the national development of the longspan bridge technologies remarkably.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2006년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.562-573
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• 2006

Incheon Bridge which will be the world's 5th long cable-stayed bridge in 2009 has been built under the management by Korea Highway Corporation. Incheon Bridge consists of several special-featured bridges and construction sections are divided into two groups, the private investment section with the foreign concessionaire and the government-financed section. 8 pile load tests were performed to investigate the behavior of rock-embedded large-diameter drilled shafts at both sections. Among these, 4 tests at the government-financed section have been utilized to adjust the detailed designs that were carried out individually as well as to find the actual bearing capacity of the ground prior to the commencement of constructions under the joint control of all contractors. Comprehensive procedures of the design and the construction of foundations using pile load tests were introduced.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 추계 학술발표회 3차
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• pp.72-77
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• 2010

The Incheon Bridge, which was opened to the traffic in October 2009, is an 18.4 km long sea-crossing bridge connecting the Incheon International Airport with the expressway networks around the Seoul metropolitan area by way of Songdo District of Incheon City. This bridge is an integration of several special featured bridges and the major part of the bridge consists of cable-stayed spans. This marine cable-stayed bridge has a main span of 800 m wide to cross the vessel navigation channel in and out of the Incheon Port. In waterways where ship collision is anticipated, bridges shall be designed to resist ship impact forces, and/or, adequately protected by ship impact protection (SIP) systems. For the Incheon Bridge, large diameter circular dolphins as SIP were made at 44 locations of the both side of the main span around the piers of the cable-stayed bridge span. This world's largest dolphin-type SIP system protects the bridge against the collision with 100,000 DWT tanker navigating the channel with speed of 10 knots. Diameter of the dolphin is up to 25 m. Vessel collision risk was assessed by probability based analysis with AASHTO Method-II. The annual frequency of bridge collapse through the risk analysis for 71,370 cases of the impact scenario was less than $0.5{\times}10^{-4}$ and satisfies design requirements. The dolphin is the circular sheet pile structure filled with crushed rock and closed at the top with a robust concrete cap. The structural design was performed with numerical analyses of which constitutional model was verified by the physical model experiment using the geo-centrifugal testing equipment. 3D non-linear finite element models were used to analyze the structural response and energy-dissipating capability of dolphins which were deeply embedded in the seabed. The dolphin structure secures external stability and internal stability for ordinary loads such as wave and current pressure. Considering failure mechanism, stability assessment was performed for the strength limit state and service limit state of the dolphins. The friction angle of the crushed stone as a filling material was reduced to $38^{\circ}$ considering the possibility of contracting behavior as the impact.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 추계 학술발표회 제17권2호
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• pp.225-228
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• 2005

In this paper, an example of nonlinear analysis for partial prestressing design is presented. For partial prestressing design, the stress redistribution, after concrete cracking has occurred, should be accurately investigated by nonlinear analysis tools. Direct and iterative methods of nonlinear analyses were adopted for the tender design of the Incheon Bridge viaducts. Stress variations in the prestressing tendons and reinforcing bars were investigated and presented in this paper for both the in-service condition and during construction.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.667-680
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• 2020

This study aims at reporting a systematic procedure for evaluating the static and dynamic structural performance of steel bridges based on a short-period structural health monitoring measurement. Sungsu bridge located in Korea is considered as a case study presenting the most recent tests carried out to examine the bridge condition. Short-period measurements of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system were used during the bridge testing phase. A novel symmetry index is introduced using statistical analyses of deflection and strain measurements. Frequency Domain Decomposition (FDD) is implemented to the strain measurements to estimate the bridge mode shapes and damping ratios. Furthermore, Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is also implemented to examine the reliability of bridge performance while ambient design trucks are in static or moving at different speeds. Strain, displacement and acceleration were measured at selected locations on the bridge. The results show that the symmetry index can be an efficient and useful measure in assessing the steel bridge performance. The results from the used method reveal that the performance of the Sungsu bridge is safe under operational conditions.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.705-713
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• 2024

연구목적: 현재 영종도에 진입하는 노선은 민자도로(교량)인 영종대교와 인천대교뿐이다. 2025년 12월 신규 노선인 제3연륙교 개통 예정에 따라 신규 노선과 기존 2개 노선의 교통수요 변화를 예측하고 연구하는데 목적이 있다. 연구방법: 교통수요 예측을 위한 기초자료는 2021.08, KOTI｣의 O/D 및 NETWORK 자료 활용하였다. 제3연륙교 개통에 따른 영종대교 및 인천대교의 신뢰성 있는 영향 검토를 위해서 영종도 및 인천국제공항의 통행분포를 현실에 맞게 보정할 필요가 있으며, 본 연구에서는 통신 Big Data를 이용하여 지역별 통행분포를 보정하여 적용하였다. 연구결과: 제3연륙교 개통 예정연도인 2026년 기준 대안1(2,000원), 대안2(4,000원)의 2개 대안을 설정하여 장래 교통수요 분석을 수행하였으며, 기존 민자도로 통행요금 재구조화시 통행요금과 유사한 대안1의 경우, 2026년 영종지역 총 교통량 199,101대/일 중 제3연륙교 교통량은 42,836대/일로 예측되어 기존 도로의 교통량 감소율은 21.5%로 분석되었다. 결론: 검토결과(대안1 기준) 제3연륙교의 전환교통량 비중은 영종대교 70%, 인천대교 30% 수준으로 예측되었으며, 제3연륙교 개통 시 예측된 기존 도로의 교통량 감소 21.5%는 사례검토 결과와 여건 변화를 고려할 때 적정한 것으로 판단된다. 장래 교통수요 예측시 통신 빅데이터를 활용하면 보다 현실적인 통행분포 반영에 따른 합리적인 경로선택이 이루어지므 로 교통수요 예측의 신뢰성을 확보할 수 있는 방안이라 판단된다.

• 도시과학
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2019

The performance evaluation of existing structures is important to study the safety of those structures with changing the loads over the lifetime of structures. Therefore, this study aims at evaluating the Seong-Su bridge, Seoul, Korea, using structural health monitoring (SHM) system. The static and dynamic tests are used to assess the behavior of the bridge. The statistical and wavelet analyses are used to demonstrate the behavior of the bridge in the time and frequency domains. The previous SHM results are used to assess the bridge performance. The results of this study show that the bridge performance under static and dynamic loads is safe in time and frequency domains.