• Health Policy and Management
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.132-157
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• 2011

The purpose of this article is to examine the cause of policy non-compliance in the case of pharmaceutical rebates from the perspective of rational choice institutionalism. In Korea, there have been rebates practices between pharmaceutical companies and hospitals since the introduction of the Actual Remuneration System for insured medicine in 1999. The government has chosen the policy means of punishment to eliminate pharmaceutical rebates but the illegal practices are still widespread. Institution in rational choice institutionalism usually reflects the incentives and preferences of actors, and the Actual Remuneration System has resulted in a the lack of procedures to ensure savings on drug expenditures. Pharmaceutical rebates are the product of the institutions which reflect their incentives: the Actual Remuneration System, the current pricing policy for generic drugs, the drug distribution system, and so on. In the end, the problem of the rebates is the consequence of policy non-compliance as actors' rational choice because their incentives lead to opportunistic behaviors. We should therefore understand the incentive structure of policy stakeholders, which is derived from the view of new institutionalism; also, the newly designed Korean drug pricing policy reform must be compatible with the incentive structure.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2009

This research is to analyze LCC of Heat Pump system in university building by reduction of electric power costs for education and incentive system for gas. Produced details item different expense of EHP and GHP equipment construction step and preservation administration step. Analysis result is as following. 1) Executed LCC analysis for target system after lowering whole curriculum reduction of electric power costs for education. Analysis result, energy cost-cutting effect of EHP appears greatly than GHP unlike existent study finding, EHP decided by economical system. 2) Sensitivity analysis executed by incentive 500,000 won per units and geometrical ration of gas expense by 1%. As a result, because lowering effect of electric charges appears greatly, EHP decided by more economical system than GHP. As research result of front is different from existent study finding, EHP by lowering of electric charges for alteration and education of governmental frequent volunteer system was decided by more economical system than GHP.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.67-76
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• 1994

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.86-93
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• 2020

The investment in solar and wind generation is rapidly increasing with government's renewable expansion policy and Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS). Since the large penetration of solar and wind generation increases the variability and uncertainty of supply and demand balance in power system, the government is pursuing the policy of supplying energy storage system (ESS) linked to renewable energy. ESS contributes to the ease of transmission and distribution grid by shifting PV generation from daytime to evening hours. Recently, the declining market price of REC as ESS incentive, policies to cut down incentives and limited ESS storage due to fire events lead to the aggravation of long-term profitability, thus working as a barrier of ESS spreading. In this study, the factors affecting the profit of ESS are analyzed and brief indicators are derived. Based on the indicators, the profit changes are analyzed considering the variation of REC market price and REC incentive weights. Based on the profit change with respect to the increase of ESS capacity, economical ESS installation capacity is suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.3 s.162
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• pp.387-397
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• 2007

Due to the recent trend of relationship marketing and characteristics of the apparel retail industry that relys heavily on employees' performance, internal marketing toward the employees gives a critical influence on firms' overall performance. This study is aiming at the factors of internal marketing and relationship management that enhance positive attitude toward change. A survey questionnaire was developed and about two hundreds department store sales staffs working for apparel brands participated in the empirical study. Factor analysis ensured the existence of five aspects of internal marketing: educational training, internal communication, power endorsement, management capability and incentive system. Results indicated that age, marital status, years of employment, position rank, and salary types of salespersons had significant influence on internal marketing factors. Incentive system had significant influence on internal customer relationship management. Internal customer relationship management had significant impact on employees' attitude toward change. Educational training had significant influence on employees' perceived importance of change. Educational training, power endorsement and incentive system affected employees' perceived outcome of change.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.97-102
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• 2019

This study suggests a solution of an incentive system from the viewpoint of the external effect on the renting of firefighting qualifications and on rental agencies. Currently, the Human Resources Development Service of Korea does not have a penalty for neglecting to perform a search into qualification lending and rental agencies. In the short term, the penal clause should be strengthened so that companies and qualification holders cannot borrow or lend their qualifications. In addition, the Human Resources Development Service of Korea will increase the number of personnel dedicated to investigating the loaning of qualifications. It is necessary for the government to establish a penalty for neglecting to investigate the lending of qualifications for the Human Resources Development Service of Korea. In the long term, the state needs to make only minimal regulations. Also, the state needs to make companies and qualification holders feel like they benefit more when they are not borrowing or lending qualifications. The anticipated effect of this study is that the government will intervene appropriately by applying firefighting qualifications according to market principles. It can also be used as a basis for the revision of related laws on the renting of national technical qualification certificates and the investigation of rental agencies.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.17B no.3
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• pp.189-196
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• 2010

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) has attracted attention as an alternative way to enable streaming videos on the Internet. Although P2P systems depend on bandwidth contribution from peers, peers are likely to refuse to contribute their bandwidth. In this paper, we proposed a P2P streaming system that encourages peers to contribute their upstream bandwidth by maintaining fairness among peers and providing different video quality between cooperative peers and selfish peers with a manageable way. Our proposed system determines if peers are cooperative or selfish by a rating mechanism based on their contributed upstream bandwidth, and offers a high quality video to cooperative peers as an incentive. Also we propose a tree reconstruction algorithm to make the system work effectively. Through simulation, we show that the tree reconstruction algorithm works effectively, and our incentive mechanism allocates more downstream bandwidth to cooperative peers and punished selfish peers with low quality video.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.121-128
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• 2004

This paper presents a new approach for determining an accurate incentive levels of Direct Load Control (DLC) program using sequential Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) techniques. The economic analysis of DLC resources needs to identify the hourly-by-hourly expected energy-not-served resulting from the random outage characteristics of generators as well as to reflect the availability and duration of DLC resources, which results the computational explosion. Therefore, the conventional methods are based on the scenario approaches to reduce the computation time as well as to avoid the complexity of economic studies. In this paper, we have developed a new technique based on the sequential MCS to evaluate the required expected load control amount in each hour and to decide the incentive level satisfying the economic constraints. In addition, the mathematical formulation for DLC programs' economic evaluations are developed. To show the efficiency and effectiveness of the suggested method, the numerical studies have been performed for the modified IEEE reliability test system.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.636-638
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• 2003

This paper presents a new approach which is able to determine the reasonable incentive levels of direct load control using sequential Monte Carlo simulation techniques. The economic analysis needs to determine the reasonable incentive level. However, the conventional methods have been based on the scenario methods because they had not considered all cases of the direct load control situations. To overcome there problems, this paper proposes a new technique using sequential Monte Carlo simulation. The Monte Carlo method is a simple and flexible tool to consider large scale systems and complex models for the components of the system. To show its effectiveness, numerical studies were performed to indicate the possible applications of the proposed technique.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.840-842
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• 2005

Since 2001, Korea government has been purchasing the generation from renewable generation facilities with the higher incentive prices than market price in order to increase the penetration of renewable energies. Generally, the incentive purchase tariff is calculated on the base of the generation cost of renewable power facilities. This paper constructs the input data for economic analysis and evaluates the generation cost of PV, wind power, LFG and small hydro power using LCCA model.