• Title/Summary/Keyword: IncP

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Biotransformation of Aldrin and Chlorpyrifos-methyl by Anabaena sp. PCC 7120

  • Park, Byeoung-Soo;Lee, Sung-Eun
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.184-188
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    • 2010
  • A cyanobacteria species, Anabaena sp. PCC 7120, was tested to assess its biotransformation ability on two widely used insecticides, aldrin and chlorpyrifos-methyl, in the culture medium. The blue-green alga metabolized aldrin mainly to dieldrin by an epoxidation reaction with the participation of cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase in the cyanobacteria. The blue-green alga also produced chlorpyrifosmethyl oxon as a primary metabolite from chlorpyrifos-methyl via a desulfuration reaction, presumably conducted by cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase. Therefore, two insecticides might be possibly dissipated by cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases in the blue-green algae in the contaminated environments.

Preliminary assessment of correlation between T-lymphocyte responses and control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in piglets born after in-utero infection of a type 2 PRRSV

  • Cha, Sang-Ho;Bandaranayaka-Mudiyanselage, Carey;Bandaranayaka-Mudiyanselage, Chandima B.;Ajiththos, Dharani;Yoon, Kyoung-Jin;Gibson, Kathleen A.;Yu, Ji-Eun;Cho, In-Soo;Lee, Stephen S.;Chung, Chungwon J.
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.58 no.1
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    • pp.9-16
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    • 2018
  • A preliminary study into the protective mechanisms of adaptive immunity against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in piglets (n = 9) born to a gilt challenged intranasally with a type-2 PRRSV. Immune parameters (neutralizing antibodies, $CD3^+CD4^+$, $CD3^+CD8^+$, $CD3^+CD4^+CD8^+$ T-lymphocytes, and PRRSV-specific interferon $(IFN)-{\gamma}$ secreting T-lymphocytes) were compared with infection parameters (macro- and microscopic lung lesion, and PRRSV-infected porcine alveolar macrophages ($CD172{\alpha}^+PRRSV-N^+\;PAM$) as well as with plasma and lymphoid tissue viral loads. Percentages of three T-lymphocyte phenotypes in 14-days post-birth (dpb) peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) had significant negative correlations with percentages of $CD172{\alpha}^+PRRSV-N^+\;PAM$ (p < 0.05) as well as with macroscopic lung lesion (p < 0.01). Plasma and tissue viral loads had significant (p < 0.05) negative correlations with $CD3^+CD4^+CD8^+$ T-lymphocyte percentage in PBMC. Frequencies of $CD3^+CD8^+$ and $CD3^+CD4^+$ T-lymphocytes in 14-dpb PBMC had significant negative correlations with of lymph node (p = 0.04) and lung (p = 0.002) viral loads. $IFN-{\gamma}$-secreting T-lymphocytes frequency had a significant negative correlation with gross lung lesion severity (p = 0.002). However, neutralizing antibody titers had no significant negative correlation (p > 0.1) with infection parameters. The results indicate that T-lymphocytes contribute to controlling PRRSV replication in young piglets born after in-utero infection.

Synthesis and Characterization of The Electrolessly Deposited Co(Re,P) Film for Cu Capping Layer (무전해 도금법으로 제조된 Co(Re,P) capping layer제조 및 특성 평가)

  • Han, Won-Kyu;Kim, So-Jin;Ju, Jeong-Woon;Cho, Jin-Ki;Kim, Jae-Hong;Yeom, Seung-Jin;Kwak, Noh-Jung;Kim, Jin-Woong;Kang, Sung-Goon
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.61-67
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    • 2009
  • Electrolessly deposited Co (Re,P) was investigated as a possible capping layer for Cu wires. 50 nm Co (Re,P) films were deposited on Cu/Ti-coated silicon wafers which acted as a catalytic seed and an adhesion layer, respectively. To obtain the optimized bath composition, electroless deposition was studied through an electrochemical approach via a linear sweep voltammetry analysis. The results of using this method showed that the best deposition conditions were a $CoSO_4$ concentration of 0.082 mol/l, a solution pH of 9, a $KReO_4$ concentration of 0.0003 mol/l and sodium hypophosphite concentration of 0.1 mol/L at $80^{\circ}C$. The thermal stability of the Co (Re,P) layer as a barrier preventing Cu was evaluated using Auger electron spectroscopy and a Scanning calorimeter. The measurement results showed that Re impurities stabilized the h.c.p. phase up to $550^{\circ}C$ and that the Co (Re,P) film efficiently blocked Cu diffusion under an annealing temperature of $400^{\circ}C$ for 1hr. The good barrier properties that were observed can be explained by the nano-sized grains along with the blocking effect of the impurities at the fast diffusion path of the grain boundaries. The transformation temperature from the amorphous to crystal structure is increased by doping the Re.

Effect of Storage Times on Sperm Function, Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay (SCSA) and Correlations Between Fertility and SCSA in Boars (액상 정액의 보존 기간이 정자 기능 및 정자염색질 구조 분석에 미치는 영향과 인공수정 분만율과의 상관관계)

  • 유재원;이주형;김인철;이일주;강 권;민동수;윤희진;윤종택;방명걸;류범용;정영채;김창근
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.48 no.6
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    • pp.785-796
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    • 2006
  • This study was designed to evaluate the changes in sperm motility, viability, HOST(hypo-osmotic swelling test), IVP(in vitro penetration), SCSA(sperm chromatin structure assay) during storage of liquid semen collected from boars with different farrowing rates using AI, and to find the relationship between boar fertility through AI and sperm diagnostic parameters during semen storage. The results of HOST were significantly decreased according to the increasing of in semen storage days and the results of IVP were significantly decreased at 3 days of semen storage (P<0.05). The %Red was significantly different among the >80%, 70󰠏80% and <70% farrowing rate group at semen storage day 6(P<0.05). The correlation coefficients between the %Red and farrowing rate were increased according to the semen storage. In conclusion, these results suggest that the sperm parameters evaluated in these studies may be useful indicators to predict the fertility of AI and evaluate the semen quality in boars.

A Study on the Mechanical Properties of Water Soluble Curing Agent and Epoxy Resins (수용성 경화제에 의한 에폭시 수지의 물성에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Yong-Ho;Lee, Kwang-Won;Kwak, Young-Chae
    • Elastomers and Composites
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    • v.35 no.1
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    • pp.12-18
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    • 2000
  • With growing concerns of environment and due to strengthening the government regulations on volatile organic compounds(VOC) the coatings industries are developing new technologies to reduce the amount of VOC released from coatings. In this study. a water soluble curing agent of amino-epoxy adduct was synthesized and its structure was identified by FT-IR, GPC and TG/DTA. The mechanical properties of the new curing agent in combination of KER-828 and KER-500 were investigated respectively. As an experimental result, the drying time of KER-828 was faster than that of KER-500 but the adhesion and impact strength of KER-500 was better than that of KER-828.

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Effect of the Physicochemical Properties of Soil on the Arsenic Bioaccessibility (비소용출에 대한 토양의 물리화학적 특성 영향)

  • Yang, Jae-Kyu;Chang, Yoon-Young
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.28 no.7
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    • pp.731-737
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    • 2006
  • Four well-characterized soils collected from A- and B-horizon in the Department of Energy Oak Ridge Reservation in USA, mainly distributed with Inceptisol(Inc) and Ultisol(Ult) soils, were used in this work. The bioaccessibility of arsenic as well as oxidation phenomena of As(III) was investigated with soils spiked with As(III) and As(V) using a physiologically based extraction test(PBET) at pH 1.5 and 1:100 soil to solution ratio. Also effect of aging time on the bioaccessibility of arsenic was investigated over the 6 months. After 48 hours(fresh) contacting As(V) solution with soils, all soils rapidly and strongly sequestrated As(V), especially Ult-B. However, little sequestration was observed after 3-months. When As(III) was spiked on the same soils, a great portion of As(III) was oxidized to As(V) after 48 hrs, especially Inc-A and Ult-A soils, which is strongly related with Mn content in soils. By using As(III)-spiked soils, much reduced bioaccessibility as total arsenic was observed from Inc-B and Ult-B soils over the 6 months aging time compared to that from Inc-A and Ult-A soils. This result can be explained by the continuous sequestration of As(V), produced from oxidation of As(III), onto Inc-B and Ult-B soils having much amount of iron. The trend of As(III) sequestration over six months aging time was quite similar with that of As(V) sequestration.

A High Performance Co-design of 26 nm 64 Gb MLC NAND Flash Memory using the Dedicated NAND Flash Controller

  • You, Byoung-Sung;Park, Jin-Su;Lee, Sang-Don;Baek, Gwang-Ho;Lee, Jae-Ho;Kim, Min-Su;Kim, Jong-Woo;Chung, Hyun;Jang, Eun-Seong;Kim, Tae-Yoon
    • JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.121-129
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    • 2011
  • It is progressing as new advents and remarkable developments of mobile device every year. On the upper line reason, NAND FLASH large density memory demands which can be stored into portable devices have been dramatically increasing. Therefore, the cell size of the NAND Flash memory has been scaled down by merely 50% and has been doubling density each per year. [1] However, side effects have arisen the cell distribution and reliability characteristics related to coupling interference, channel disturbance, floating gate electron retention, write-erase cycling owing to shrinking around 20nm technology. Also, FLASH controller to manage shrink effect leads to speed and current issues. In this paper, It will be introduced to solve cycling, retention and fail bit problems of sub-deep micron shrink such as Virtual negative read used in moving read, randomization. The characteristics of retention, cycling and program performance have 3 K per 1 year and 12.7 MB/s respectively. And device size is 179.32 $mm^2$ (16.79 mm ${\times}$ 10.68 mm) in 3 metal 26 nm CMOS.