• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.180-186
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• 1984

From June, 1980 to October, 1982, this study was carried out to find an optimal grazing system on the timothy and orchardgrass-dominated pasture. Five different systems consisted of set stocking, modified set stocking, rotational grazing, 'wye college' system and zero grazing have been applied. The results obtained were as follow: 1. Herbage DM yield per ha with 'wye college' system, set stocking, modified set stocking, rotational grazing and zero grazing were 6936.7 kg,6794.3 kg, 6686.9 kg 6675.7 kg and 5083.4 kg respectively. Among treatments were not different in DM yield. 2. In herbage utilization, zero grazing was the highest than other. Zero Grazing, Rotational grazing, 'Wye college' system, Modified set stocking and set stocking was 89.3%, 70.8%, 64.4% and 46.1% respectively. 3. Daily intake per head with 'wye college' system was the highest than others and zero grazing was the lowest than others. 4. Daily gain with 'wye college' system, rotational grazing, modified set stocking, set stocking and zero grazing were 0.60kg, 0.55kg, 0.50kg, 0.43kg and 0.42 respectively. Among treatment, there was no significance. 5. Total weight gain per ha with 'wye college' system, rotational grazing, modified set stocking, zero grazing and set stocking were 339.5kg, 299.1kg, 253.3kg, 226.6kg and 222.2kg respectively. 6. Grazing time among treatments was not significant. 'Wye college' system spent the shortest time, 367.3 minutes and set stocking consumed the longest time, 422.1 minutes. 7. Daily grazing time by seasonal change with June, July, August, September and October was 304.9 min., 359.4 min., 437.9 min., 483.3 min. and 395.8 min., respectively. According to passing the season, grazing time was lengthened. 8. Grazing time for Korean native cow, native cow charolais and native cow holstein were not significant. Native sow charolais consumed the longest time, 457.0 min., whereas Korean native cow consumed the shortest time, 422.4 min..

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.569-574
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the biological activities of roasted (RE) and non-roasted (NRE) hot water extract samples from Euonymus alatus leaf by measuring DPPH radical scavenging, total polyphenol content, hydroxyl radical scavenging, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, anti-inflammatory activity, and inhibitory effects on ${\alpha}-amylase$ and ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ in vitro. The $IC_{50}$ values fur DPPH free radical scavenging activity of the NRE and RE hot water extracts were $19.1{\mu}g/mL$ and $21.9{\mu}g/mL$, respectively, and their total polyphenol contents were estimated as 9.6 mg/g for NRE and 10.6 mg/g for RE. Both NRE and RE scavenged the hydroxyl radical in a concentration-dependent manner, but their activities were lower than that of BHA. It was also shown that SOD-like activity was dependent on NRE and RE concentration, and the SOD-like activity of NRE was slightly higher than that of RE. The highest SOD-like activity obtained from NRE was 20% at a concentration of 3 mg/mL. Neither NRE nor RE seemed to have an effect on ${\alpha}-amylase$ and ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibition. Finally, the hot water extracts of NRE and RE significantly decreased the concentration of LPS-induced NO in RAW 264.7 cells, indicating anti-inflammatory activity.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.195-204
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• 2004

Purpose: Hypophosphatemic rickets is a hereditary disease, characterized by hypophosphatemia due to renal phosphate wasting, impaired renal production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$, rachitic bone deformities and impaired growth. The purpose of this study is to provide clinical profiles of patients with hypophosphatemic rickets in our hospital. Methods: Between July 1983 and February 2004, 56 patients were diagnosed as having hypophosphatemic rickets. The medical records of these patients were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical manifestations, family histories, laboratory data, treatment outcomes were described. Results: Fifty six patients were enrolled in this study. The average age at symptom onset and diagnosis were 20 months and 5 years respectively. Fourteen patients had family histories. The main clinical manifestations were bow legs and short stature. There was a significant negative correlation between the ages and the height z-scores at the time of diagnosis(r=-0.47, P=0.005). Initial laboratory data showed normocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, elevated serum alkaline phosphatase, decreased tubular reabsorption of phosphate and a normal range of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ Radiographic examinations of bone revealed fraying, widening and cupping of the metaphyseal ends. Treatment consisted of Joulie solution and vitamin D metabolites, and resulted in improved biochemical and radiographic findings. However, height z-scores remained essentially unchanged(P=0.224). Complications of treatment were frequently observed, including hyperparathyroidism, nephrocalcinosis, and hypercalciuria. Sixteen patients had corrective osteotomy and 4 of them underwent leg lengthening together. Conclusion: There was a gap of several years between the onset of symptoms and the diagnosis. Early treatment seems to be essential to growth. For the earlier treatment, the offsprings of affected parents should be followed up closely.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.342-350
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• 2011

Throughout the years 2008 to 2010, we analyzed approximately two thousand oriental melon samples collected from Seongju, using electron microscopy and testing by RT-PCR using primers specific for eight cucurbit-infecting viruses. Data from RT-PCR indicated that Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), Watermelon mosaic virus 2 (WMV2) and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) were present and the other viruses were not detected. Among them, CGMMV and WMV2 were the most prevalent pathogens. CGMMV was thought to infect oriental melon from the early growing season, and reached nearly 100% in the later of growing period. Otherwise, WMV2 emerged from June, several months later compared to CGMMV. CGMMV was detected from all aerial parts of the oriental melon including seeds, but not from the roots of the grafted pumpkin rootstock. Seed of two out of five commercial varieties were shown to be CGMMV positive. Nine varieties of pumpkins used as rootstocks were not infected with CGMMV. When the seedlings of grafted oriental melon were transplanted into pots mixed with the oriental melon debris infected with CGMMV, they were not infected by CGMMV. Cutting of pruning shear and the contact of tendrils contributed 48% and 30% to the transmission of the virus, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.415-421
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• 2010

This work was carried out to investigate chemical composition and meat quality of crossbred Korean native chickens (KNC). Ninety 1-d male chicks were used in this work and were divided into 4 groups as A: (KNC egg-meat type C strains $\times$ KNC meat type S strains) (female) $\times$ KNC meat type H strains (male), B: (KNC egg-meat type C strains $\times$ KNC meat type H strains) (female) $\times$ KNC meat type S strains (male), C: (KNC native R strains $\times$ KNC meat type S strains) (female) $\times$ KNC meat type H strains (male), D: (KNC native L strains $\times$ KNC meat type H strains) (female) $\times$ Ross broiler (male) strains. They were fed the broiler diets for 12 weeks at the flat house and twenty seven chickens were slaughtered at week 5 and 10. Chicken thigh and breast were weighed and physicochemical compositions and sensory characteristics were investigated. Physical compositions of meats have no difference among strains at 5 week, and B strains differed from other strains at 10 week (P<0.05). The pH, moisture, and collagen content of meat from B strains were lower than other strains at 5 week. Ash and collagen of A strains were the lowest at 10 week (P<0.05), but others have no difference among strains. In sensory test, juiciness of D strains was the highest at 5 week, and tenderness of B strains was the lowest at 10 week (P<0.05). In conclusion, the crossbreeding of KNC did not affect physical traits but affected chemical composition of the chicken meat slaughtered at 5 week.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2014

To preserve chicken genetic materials like cryopreserved spermatozoa, various kinds of freezing agents like glycerol, dimethylsuloxide, dimethylformamide or dimethylacetamide have been used for rooster semen preparation. Recently, the usage of N-methylacetamide (MA) for Ogye rooster semen preservation resulted in hatched chicken successfully. In this study, we investigated the effects of 7, 9 and 11% of MA on the viability, fertility and hatchability of frozen-thawed rooster semen using artificial insemination. The results of viability, fertility and hatchability in frozen semen with 7%, 9% or 11% MA were $35.16{\pm}6.12%$, $67.83{\pm}15.3%$ and $66.2{\pm}16.3%$ of motile sperm rate, 21.5%, 34.7% and 25% of fertility rate, and 100%, 89.5% and 87.5% of hatchability rate. The results of control group with frozen semen were 96.0% of fertility rate and 92.2% of hatchability rate. With these results, the concentration range of MA as a freezing agent of rooster semen could be 7~9% of media. The higher concentration of 9 % MA could decrease the fertility rate of thawed semen not the rate of hatchability rate. So the use of MA without affecting fertility rate would be a key point of freezing method of rooster semen for poultry genetic resource preservation.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 2006

Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria Standl.) has been used as a rootstock for the watermelon cultivation because of better growth ability at low temperature and avoidance from contamination of the soil disease. Since the genetic source for the elite rootstock is limited in nature, the genetic engineering method is inevitable to develop new lines especially to obtain the functionally important or multi-disease resistant bottle gourd. Recently, our lab has set up a successful system to transform the bottle gourd. in order to monitor the transformation process, GFP gene is used. Cotyledons of the inbred line 9005, 9006 and G5 were used to induce the shoot under the selection media with MS + 30 g/L sucrose + 3.0 mg/L BAP + 100 mg/L kanamycin + 500 mg/L cefotaxime + 0.5 mg/L $AgNO_3$, pH 5.8. The shoot was developed from the cut side of the explants after 3 weeks on the selection media. The shoot was incubated in the rooting media with 1/2 MS + 30 g/L sucrose + 0.1 mg/L IAA + 50 mg/L kanamycin + 500 mg/L cefotaxime, pH 5.8 and moved to pot for acclimation. Although the shoot development rate was depended on the genotype, the G5 was the best line to be transformed. Monitoring GFP expression from the young shoot under microscope could make the selection much easier to distinguish the transformed shoot from the non-transformed shoots.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.102-108
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• 2016

Purpose: Kawasaki disease (KD) shows a variety of clinical signs of multi-system involvement, including clinical diagnostic criteria. It is unknown that the severity of the clinical signs is associated with the risk of coronary artery lesions (CALs). We wanted to evaluate clinical characteristics and the risk of CALs in the patient groups who had severe skin lesions or those with arthritis. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 220 KD patients who were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). We compared clinical and laboratory data between the group with severe skin lesions (n=52) and those with mild or no skin lesions (n=168), and between the group with arthritis (n=6) and those without arthritis (n=214). Results: The mean age of total patients was $2.23{\pm}1.87years$ of age, and the male-to-female ratio was 1.5:1 (138/82). Among 220 patients, 52 patients had CALs (23.6%), and 29 patients (13.2%) showed incomplete KD. The patients with CALs had a higher mean age, longer total fever duration, and higher rate of IVIG non-responsiveness. The patient group with severe skin lesions showed a higher mean age (P<0.001), more prolonged fever duration (P=0.041), higher frequency of CALs (P=0.033), higher WBC, neutrophil, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio levels, compared to the patient group without severe skin lesions. The patients with arthritis had a tendency of further treatment with methylprednisolone or infliximab. Conclusions: The frequency of CALs was higher in patient group with severe skin lesions. Our results suggest that the intensity of clinical signs of KD such as skin rash, cervical lymphadenopathy and possibly arthritis may be associated the risk of CALs.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.36 no.5_4
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• pp.1267-1276
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• 2020

To quantitatively predict the impacts of large-scale volcanic eruptions of Mt. Baekdu on air quality and damage around the Korean Peninsula, a three-dimensional chemistry-transport modeling system (Weather Research & Forecasting - Sparse Matrix Operation Kernel Emission - Comunity Multi-scale Air Quality) was adopted. A worst-case meteorology scenario was selected to estimate the direct impact on Korea. This study applied the typical worst-case scenarios that are likely to cause significant damage to Korea among worst-case volcanic eruptions of Mt. Baekdu in the past decade (2005~2014) and assumed a massive VEI 4 volcanic eruption on May 16, 2012, to analyze the concentration of PM_2.5 caused by the volcanic eruption. The effects of air quality in each region-cities, counties, boroughs-were estimated, and vulnerable areas were derived by conducting an exposure assessment reflecting vulnerable groups. Moreover, the effects of cities, counties, and boroughs were analyzed with a high-resolution scale (9 km × 9 km) to derive vulnerable areas within the regions. As a result of analyzing the typical worst-case volcanic eruptions of Mt. Baekdu, a discrepancy was shown in areas between high PM_2.5 concentration, high population density, and where vulnerable groups are concentrated. From the result, PM_2.5 peak concentration was about 24,547 ㎍/㎥, which is estimated to be a more serious situation than the eruption of Mt. St. Helensin 1980, which is known for 540 million tons of volcanic ash. Paju, Gimpo, Goyang, Ganghwa, Sancheong, Hadong showed to have a high PM_2.5 concentration. Paju appeared to be the most vulnerable area from the exposure assessment. While areas estimated with a high concentration of air pollutants are important, it is also necessary to develop plans and measures considering densely populated areas or areas with high concentrations of susceptible population or vulnerable groups. Also, establishing measures for each vulnerable area by selecting high concentration areas within cities, counties, and boroughs rather than establishing uniform measures for all regions is needed. This study will provide the foundation for developing the standards for disaster declaration and preemptive response systems for volcanic eruptions.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.28-40
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• 2004

Box experiments were performed to evaluate the removal efficiency of SVE (soil vapor extraction) for gasoline in soil. An activated carbon sorption tower and a biofilter were operated as post-treatment processes to remove VOCs extracted from extraction wells of SVE. An acrylic resin box (65 cm${\times}$20 cm${\times}$30 cm) was used to make artificial soil layers and two injection wells and one extraction well were built for SVE process in the box. Gases from extraction wells flew into the activated carbon sorption tower or the biofilter. Gasoline concentrations of VOCs emitted from the extraction well were compared with those after post treatments. More than 92% of initial gasoline mass in soil were removed by SVE within few days, suggesting that SVE is very available to remove VOCs from contaminated soils. To treat VOCs from extraction wells of SVE, an activated carbon sorption tower and a biofilter were attached to SVE process and their gasoline removal efficiencies were measured. These post treatment systems lowered gasoline concentrations to below 1.0 ppm within few days. Average remediation efficiency was 98% of gasoline for the activated carbon sorption tower and 84.1% for the biofilter. The maximum removal capacity of a biofilter was 10.7 g/L/hr, which was ten times higher than general biofilter removal capacity. Results from the study suggest that the activated carbon sorption tower and the biofilter would be available for the post treatment process to remove VOCs generated from SVE process.