• 동력기계공학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.38-44
• /
• 2014

The objectives of this study are to measure the ball recovery rate of cleaning apparatus for plate heat exchanger. Ceramic ball is used for plate heat exchanger cleaning. The main components of cleaning apparatus are comprised of ball collector, ball trap, ejector, pump and plate heat exchanger. The ball recovery rate are obtained with change in recovery time and velocity of water. The results show that the ball recovery rate is slightly increased with increase in the recovery time and the velocity of water over 0.4 m/s in the straight flow. In the case of reverse flow, the ball recovery rate more increased than straight flow. The maximum ball recovery rate of the straight flow and reverse flow reach 83.97% and 86.61%, respectively, when the velocity and cleaning time are 0.5 m/s and 15min.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2021

This study optimized the chemical cleaning process of discarded RO membranes for reuse in less demanding separation processes. The effect of physicochemical parameters, including the temperature, cleaning time, pH of the cleaning solution, and addition of additives, on the cleaning process was investigated. The membrane performance was evaluated by testing the flux recovery rate and salt rejection before and after the cleaning process. High temperatures (45-50 ℃) resulted in a better flux recovery rate of 71% with more than 80% salt rejection. Equal time for acid and base cleaning 3-3 h presented a 72.43% flux recovery rate with salt rejection above 85%. During acid and base cleaning, the best results were achieved at pH values of 3.0 and 12.0, respectively. Moreover, 0.05% concentration of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid presented 72.3% flux recovery, while 69.2% flux was achieved using sodium dodecyl sulfate with a concentration of 0.5%; both showed >80% salt rejection, indicating no damage to the active layer of the membrane. Conversely, 0.5% concentration of sodium percarbonate showed 83.1% flux recovery and 0.005% concentration of sodium hypochlorite presented 85.2% flux recovery, while a high concentration of these chemicals resulted in oxidation of the membrane that caused a reduction in salt rejection.

• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제24권11호
• /
• pp.66-75
• /
• 2007

To prevent an insulator failure, an automatic cleaning and inspection robot was developed for suspension insulator strings. The robot autonomously moves along the insulator string using the clamps installed on its two moving frames. Especially, unlike the existing cleaning robots using jets of water, the robot system adopts a dry cleaning method using rotating brushes and a circular motion guide. In addition, a mechanized brush bristles and a voltage-balancing contactor are devised to increase cleaning efficiency and to prevent arc generation under live-line conditions, respectively. We confirmed its effectiveness through experiments.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.45-51
• /
• 2016

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane system was applied to the treatment and reclamation of textile wastewater in Thailand. An experiment was carried out to determine the fouling behavior and effect of anti-scalant and biocide addition to flux decline and its recovery through chemical cleaning. The RO unit was operated for one month after which the fouled membranes were cleaned by sequential chemical cleaning method. RO flux was found rapidly declined during initial period and only slightly decreased further in long-term operation. The main foulants were organic compounds and thus sequential cleaning using alkaline solution followed by acid solution was found to be the most effective method. The provision of anti-scalant and biocide in feed-water could not prevent deposition of foulant on the membrane surface but helped improving the membrane cleaning efficiencies.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.237-245
• /
• 2021

PURPOSE. This study aimed to compare the microshear bond strength (µSBS) of dual-cure resin cement in CAD-CAM zirconia after different cleaning techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Fifty discs of zirconia-based ceramic from Ivoclar Vivadent were embedded in acrylic resin. The discs were divided into five groups according to the cleaning methods used: Group 1: drying with spraying + sandblasting with Al₂O₃; Group 2: washed with water and dried with spraying + sandblasting with Al₂O₃;Group 3: washed with distilled water and dried with spraying + sandblasting with Al₂O₃ + zirconium oxide (Ivoclean); Group 4: washed with distilled water and dried with spraying + sandblasting with Al₂O₃ + potassium hydroxide (Zirclean); and Group 5: washed with distilled water and dried with spraying + sandblasting with Al₂O₃ + 1% NaClO. All of the groups were contaminated with artificial saliva for 1 minute and then cleaned. Statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA and Tukey's tests. RESULTS. There were statistically significant differences among all groups for µSBS (P < .05). The group treated with zirconium oxide (Group 3) showed the highest µSBS (18.75 ± 0.23 MPa). CONCLUSION. When applied to zirconia, the cleaning methods affected the bonding with resin cement differently.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.123-129
• /
• 2021

Many plants and animals in nature have superhydrophobic surfaces. This superhydrophobic surface has various properties such as self-cleaning, moisture collection, and anti-icing. In this study, the superhydrophobic properties of PTFE surface were treated by plasma etching. There were four important factors that changed the surface properties. Micro-sized protrusions were formed by plasma etching. The most influential parameter was RF Power. The contact angle of the pristine PTFE surface was about 113.8°. The maximum contact angle of the surface after plasma treatment with optimized parameters was about 168.1°. In this case, the sliding angle was quite small about 1°. These properties made it possible to remove droplets easily from the surface. To verify the self-cleaning effect of the surface, graphite was used to contaminate the surface and remove it with water droplets. Graphite particles were easily removed from the optimized surface compared to the pristine surface. As a result, a surface having water repellency and self-cleaning effects could be produced with optimized plasma etching parameters.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제35권6호
• /
• pp.425-436
• /
• 2021

In this study, chemically enhanced steam cleaning(CESC) was applied as a novel and efficient method for the control of organic and inorganic fouling in ceramic membrane filtration. The constant filtration regression model and the resistance in series model(RISM) were used to investigate the membrane fouling mechanisms. For total filtration, the coefficient of determination(R²) with an approximate value of 1 was obtained in the intermediate blocking model which is considered as the dominant contamination mechanism. In addition, most of the coefficient values showed similar values and this means that the complex fouling was formed during the filtration period. In the RISM, R _c/R _f increased about 4.37 times in chemically enhanced steam cleaning compared to physical backwashing, which implies that the internal fouling resistance was converted to cake layer resistance, so that the membrane fouling hardly to be removed by physical backwashing could be efficiently removed by chemically enhanced steam cleaning. The results of flux recovery rate showed that high-temperature steam may loosen the structure of the membrane cake layer due to the increase in diffusivity and solubility of chemicals and finally enhance the cleaning effect. As a consequence, it is expected that chemically enhanced steam cleaning can drastically improve the efficiency of membrane filtration process when the characteristics of the foulant are identified.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.177-184
• /
• 2011

Membrane fouling is an unavoidable phenomenon in operation of seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) and major obstacle for economic and efficient operation. When fouling occurs on the membrane surface, the permeate flux is decreased, on the contrary, the trans-membrane pressure (TMP) is increased, therefore operation and maintaining costs and potential damage of membranes are able to the pivotal risks of the process. Chemical cleaning process is essential to prevent interruptions for effective RO membrane filtration process. This study focused on proper chemical cleaning condition for polyamide RO membranes of 4 companies. Several chemical agents were applied for chemical cleaning under numbers of operating conditions. Additionally, a monitoring tool of FEEM as autopsy analysis method is adapted for the prediction of organic bio-fouling.

• 청정기술
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.172-181
• /
• 2010

CFC 세정제의 제3 세대 대체세정제로 평가되는 수소불화에테르(hydrofluoroether; HFE)는 불소분자를 함유하고 있어 표면장력이 낮고 습윤지수가 커서 미세입자제거와 불소계 오염물 제거에 우수하고 인화점이 없고 건조성이 뛰어난 물성을 가지고 있지만, 유기물의 용해력은 떨어져 유기 오염물 제거에는 효율적이지 못하다. 본 연구에서는 $C_5$계 HFE인 HFE-7100 [$CF_3CF_2CF_2CF_2OCH_3$]와 HFE-mec-f[$CF_3CHF=CF_2OCH_2CF_3$]에 유기물질의 용해력이 비교적으로 뛰어난 isopropyl alcohol (IPA), ethyleneglycol monoether (EG), propyleneglycol monoethylether (PM)를 인화점이 나타나지 않는 최대량을 각각 첨가하여 $C_5$계 HFE 기반의 배합세정제를 제조하여 물성과 여러 종류의 플럭스, 비수용성 절삭유, 불소계 오일에 대한 세정성 평가를 수행하였다. 실험 결과 $C_5$계 기반의 배합세정제는 단일 불소계 세정제의 여러 가지 물리적 성질의 장점을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 $C_5$계 기반의 배합세정제는 첨가된 용제에 따라 약간의 차이는 있지만 대체적으로 플럭스, 비수용성 절삭유, 불소계 오일에 우수한 세정력을 나타내어 여러 산업세정 분야에 적용가능성을 보여주었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.795-801
• /
• 2010

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) 제조기술이 발전함에 따라 유리기판은 점차 대형화되는 추세이고 제조공정도 세밀화되어 감에 따라 LCD 제조과정에서 세정공정의 중요성이 부각되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 물리적 세정방법 중 브러쉬 (brush), 버블제트 (bubble jet) 및 이류체 (aqua/air) 세정법을 이용하여 미립자 (particles) 제거효율을 비교 평가하였다. 7세대 LCD 유리기판 ($1875\;mm\;{\times}\;2200\;mm$)을 대상으로 초순수 (deionized water)의 유량 및 압력 변화와 브러쉬의 모(毛)와 유리기판과의 접촉깊이 (contact depth) 등의 운전조건 변화를 통하여 미립자의 제거효율을 비교하였고 각 세정법에 의한 유의차 분석을 통해 향후 세정장비 개발에 유용한 자료로 활용하고자 하였다. 브러쉬 세정의 경우 브러쉬 접촉깊이에 변화를 주었을 때 임계점부터는 세정효율에 유의차가 크지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 버블제트 세정은 압력변화에 따른 세정력 유의차가 거의 없음을 관찰할 수 있었으며, 이류체 세정은 압력변화시 임계점까지는 세정력 유의차가 존재하나 임계점 이후부터는 유의차가 발생하지 않았다. 상기 3가지 세정방법 중 브러쉬 세정이 주어진 조건에서는 세정효과가 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다.