• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2015

This study sheds light on a pond design process which is a core facility of Hwaseol-dang in Muan, the Jeonnam. The plasticity of the pond was analyzed and interpreted for the design process using methods such as "literature search, interview, site visits, aerial pictures, aerial photographing, drawing figures of configuration plane via measurements, internet search, etc.", to trace the developing process of the design and the implications therein. The study results being centered on the developing process of the pond design are summarized herein below. The position of the Hwaseol-dang, being formed on a low hill having low competence as a place for a pavilion, draws more attention regarding its implications from the aspect of inner design. The pond Hwaseol-dang is in a rectangular shape of 1 : 1.2 ratio, in which the depth is a bit higher on the pond edge of the Hwaseol-dang thus being slanted, and Crape Myrtle, which is not known whether introduced during the formation of the pond, is cultivated on the island in the center widespread toward the southeast region. The planar design of the pond is interpreted as "rectangular pond" but it has a smooth half-moon shape where a part is excluded to remove edge. In particular, the three islands in rectangular pond, due to the narrow area, put one island and two half-moon-shaped islands in juxtaposition, and thus, although only being one island, resultantly exhibits the existence effect of proliferated three islands. This is allegedly due to the intentional formation aiming at the effect of hybrid while minimizing the overlap due to merging and adding from the aspect of constituting a design. Furthermore, the pond Hwaseol-dang is extended northwest along with Hwaseol-dang, and also the island in the center is thought to additionally have one or two, but the widespread phenomenon of the island in the center appears to consider the effect of "sit view on the floor of the pavilion of Hwaseol-dang". Considering that even a few examples of ponds having the three islands among the private house gardens in the nation are all curved ponds, the characteristics of the rectangular Hwaseol-dang pond establishing the garden effect of the three islands by modifying the one island in rectangular pond is highly notable. Considering that the three islands of "Yeongju, Bangjang, and Bongrae" is the original shape of the pond garden gestating Taoist ideology, as a symbolic design of a pond, it is regarded as the characteristics of the pond shape in Jeonnam area, and the so-called three treasures "Hwaseol-dang, Camellia, and oddly shaped stones, etc." are concentrated as the symbolism of Hwaseol-dang pond.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.35
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• pp.250-291
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• 2006

This study examines the regulatory issues and introduction problems of TV-betting data broadcasts in Korea by in-depth interview with a panel group. TV-betting data broadcast services of card games and horse racing games are widely in use in Europe and other parts of the world. In order to carry out the study, a demo program of TV-betting data broadcast in the OCAP(OpenCableTM Application Platform Specification) system environment, which is the data broadcasting standard for digital cable broadcasts in Korea was exposed to the panel group and then they were interviewed after watching and using the program. The results could be summarized as below. First of all, while TV-betting data broadcasts have many elements of entertainment, the respondents thought that it would be difficult to introduce TV-betting in data broadcasts as in overseas countries largely due to social factors. In addition, in order to introduce TV-betting data broadcasts, they suggested that excessive speculativeness must be suppressed through a series of regulatory system devices, such as by guaranteeing credibility of the media based on safe security systems for transactions, scheduling programs with effective time constraints to prevent the games from running too frequently, limiting the betting values, and by prohibiting access to games through set-top boxes of other data broadcast subscribers. The general consensus was that TV-betting could be considered for gradual introduction within the governmental laws and regulations that would minimize its ill effects. Therefore, the government should formulate long-term regulations and policies for data broadcasts. Once the groundwork is laid for safe introduction of TV-betting on data broadcasts within the boundary of laws and regulations, interactive TV games are expected to be introduced in Korea not only for added functionality of entertainment but also for far-ranging development of data broadcast and new media industries.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.19-30
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• 2020

Maker education started on the basis of the maker movement in which makers gathered in makerspace share their activities and experiences, and the educational value pursued in maker education is based on the constructivist paradigm. The purpose of this study is to present maker education components to be used in school education, focus on the characteristics and educational values of maker education, and explore ways to use them. To this end, this study explored the theoretical grounds to re-conceptualize maker education, drew statements based on in-depth interview data of teachers conducting maker education classes, and reviewed its validity through experts. Based on these statements, by deriving the components for the use of maker education, the direction of maker education in school education was set, and an example framework that could be used in subject class and creative experiential learning was proposed. Research shows that in maker education, makers cooperate to carry out activities, share ideas with others and try to improve them, and include self-direction such as learning, tinkering, design thinking, sharing and reflection. can see. In addition, maker education emphasizes experiential learning that can solve real problems that students face, rather than confining specific activities to student choices as needed. It emphasizes the learner's course of action rather than the outcome of the activity, tolerates the learner's failure, and emphasizes the role of the teacher as a facilitator to promote re-challenge. In the future, it can be used in various ways in each subject (curriculum expert, teaching/learning expert, elementary and middle school teachers, parents, local educators, etc.) and school activities, and it will contribute to setting future research directions as a basic research for school maker education.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.189-207
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• 2020

The government has achieved quantitative growth in university start-up education while supporting start-up education. However, it failed to systematize start-up education from an academic, policy, and practical perspective and to reveal the relationship between education and achievements in supporting start-ups. Therefore, there is a lack of interest and effort to promote effective education. In Europe, in-depth research has already been done over many years to establish an EntreComp system. Competences create values for others and attempt to apply them to education, viewing them as the people's lifelong competitiveness. On the other hand, it is urgent to improve the education system as domestic university start-up education is mainly focused on cultural level start-up skills and easy-to-access education from a business administration perspective. Based on this, the entrepreneurship competence-based start-up education system was designed. Next, eight EntreComp frames were drawn for university students through the Focus Group Interview (FGI) and Delphi survey methods, as well as domestic and international prior studies on EntreComp. In 2018, 919 start-up education programs of 42 start-up leading universities were conducted to derive the status of education by EntreComp. Prior studies of 25 entrepreneurship competences, including data from Bacigalupo et al.(2016), which studied EntreComp in the EU, were investigated and reflected the frequency of research and the importance of education and start-up perspectives. Based on the purpose of the university start-up education presented in this study, the entrepreneurship competence frame consisting of a total of eight, including spotting opportunities, value creation, self improvement, mobilising resources, technology application, strategic management, relationship, and learning through experience, was derived through expert verification. It also investigated the current status of education by competence, the degree of reflection of competence education, and the relationship with the results of support for start-ups that reflect the number of students enrolled in each university. Through this, it was suggested that future start-up education at universities could be improved from the EntreComp perspective. It has a differentiation in research in that it conducted a thorough survey using the data on start-up courses operated by leading startup universities for a certain period. However, it is difficult to generalize because the number of samples of leading startup universities is limited. Nevertheless, this study proposes the educational goal of advancing university start-up education from the perspective of entrepreneurial competence, cultivating future required competences, and fostering entrepreneurial talents that create value for others. In addition, it is meaningful in that it presents a clear direction for subsequent research by preparing a framework for research from a more essential perspective on the entrepreneurship competence frame.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.658-675
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• 2022

With the advent of the OTT platform, the world has become an era in which the same media content is shared and reacted in real time by being grouped into one culture. This study attempts a producer study of web novel writers, who are producers of the web novel market that is expanding into webtoons, dramas, and movies with IP (intellectual property rights) of the original story at a time when Korean K-content such as "Squid Game" and "Weird Lawyer Woo Young-woo" leads the global market. In this study, web novel writers were viewed as producers of commercial media content, not just 'Novelist', and their identities and characteristics of the labor process were examined. Web novel writers began writing web novels as a side job or two jobs, and cited the fact that they can make profits alone without barriers to entry and without incurring capital or facility costs. Although there is no barrier to entry, most writers experience severe failure in their first work, which is attributed to the misunderstanding that the word "writer" is someone who writes what they want in any genre. Web novels are different, so writers go through the process of realizing that in order to succeed by writing web novels, they must be thoroughly in the audience's shoes and write them according to the trends and codes they want. Web novel writers expressed their identity as "story sellers," "story producers," "people who can produce IP alone," and "people who satisfy fantasies that cannot be achieved in reality," and in common, there was a strong sense of being a person who provides stories and makes profits or sales. Regarding the burden of writing a huge amount of web novels, the writer with a high income expressed a generous position that "the income is higher than the effort," but ordinary writers complained of difficulties in the hard work, saying, "It seems like I am working hard on writing that I have to write constantly.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.788-800
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the elementary school teachers' perception of science writing. In this study, 10 elementary school teachers who have taught in the 3rd or 4th grade science lesson in 2010 were selected. Researchers constructed interview guide in three parts including the teachers' understanding of science writing, the status of science writing teaching and the difficulties of science writing in their classes. For the investigation, semi-structured in-depth interviews with 10 elementary school teachers were conducted individually. The results showed that the elementary school teachers were unfamiliar with the word ‘science writing’ and considered science writing as a writing using science learning contents. Also, they think that teaching science writing in their science lessons was not needed and didn't assess and provide detailed feedback with the students' written works. Most teachers needed teaching materials and assessment tools for science writing. To develop elementary teachers' understanding of the value and use of writing for learning in science, they will need to participate in science writing programs for in-service teachers and various teaching materials and assessment tools should also be developed.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.36-46
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• 2015

Integration of crop-livestock farming has been a problem-solving mode for abatement of environmental pollution and recovery of resources in recent years. The objectives of this study were 1) to suggest the customized integration of crop-livestock farming model reflecting the regional characteristics through in-depth analysis of case study and 2) to analyze the livestock nutrients flow in terms of three primary elements as nitrogen(N), phosphorous(P), and potassium(K). The personal interview and survey were carried out in 2012 for a total of 161 farms from four different regions(NS, NW, JJ, YC) in South Korea. The mass balance analysis was used to suggest and evaluate the models for two sites(JJ and YC). The results showed that NS and NW sites produced relatively more livestock manure than the sites of YC and JJ because of the regional differences in livestock numbers and urbanization. The models were suggested for the site JJ and site YC, and 'two track model(energy and resource recovery)' and 'dispersal type model' were assigned respectively. For the nutrient flows, the releasing P and K with new models had increased up to 7%, while N release had decreased down to 15% in both YC and JJ sites compared to the present treatment system. Estimated value showed that there was oversupply of N (719 ton/yr) and $P_2O_5$ (1,269 ton/yr) in YC and deficiency of N (671 ton/yr) and excessive $P_2O_5$ (32 ton/yr) in JJ respectively. Therefore, P runoff has to be considered an eutrophication occurs in rural small stream when an integration of crop-livestock farm system is applied into both sites.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.677-691
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• 2014

Understanding of the nature of science (NOS) has been a consistent topic as one of the most important goals in science education for the past several decades. Even though there is a variety of research related with the NOS conducted in science education, few researches has been conducted for the conception of scientists regards to the nature of science (Bayir et al., 2014; Taylor et al., 2008; Wong & Hudson, 2008). Recently, researchers in science education turned their attention to identifying views of scientists about the nature of science since they recognized the importance of participation of scientists in science education (Southerland et al., 2003; Taylor et al., 2008). This study was conducted to examine the Korean scientists' views of the nature of science. Through the use of semi-structured questionnaire and in-depth interview the views of 35 scientists who belong to the Korean-American Scientists and Engineers Association (KSEA) regards to the nature of science were explored. Findings show that while the scientists have more informed views with respect to the tentativeness of scientific knowledge, cultural and social influence embedded in science, the limitation of science, and the collaboration of science with others, the scientists have more na${\ddot{i}}$ve views about the distinction between laws and theories, the existence of a universal scientific method, and the importance of imagination and creativity. As such, it can be assumed that the scientists cannot conceptualize their notion in a philosophical sense even though they are engaged in scientific work in reality (Bayir et al., 2014).

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.467-480
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• 2018

This study aims to investigate how flipped learning-based socioscientific issue instruction (FL-SSI instruction) affected middle school students' key competencies and character development. Traditional classrooms are constrained in terms of time and resources for exploring the issues and making decision on SSI. To address these concerns, we designed and implemented an SSI instruction adopting flipped learning. Seventy-three 8th graders participated in an SSI program on four topics for over 12 class periods. Two questionnaires were used as a main data source to measure students' key competencies and character development before and after the SSI instruction. In addition, student responses and shared experience from focus group interviews after the instruction were collected and analyzed. The results indicate that the students significantly improved their key competencies and experienced character development after the SSI instruction. The students presented statistically significant improvement in the key competencies (i.e., collaboration, information and technology, critical thinking and problem-solving, and communication skills) and in two out of three factors in character and values as global citizens (social and moral compassion, and socio-scientific accountability). Interview data supports the quantitative results indicating that SSI instruction with a flipped learning strategy provided students in-depth and rich learning opportunities. The students responded that watching web-based videos prior to class enabled them to deeply understand the issue and actively engage in discussion and debate once class began. Furthermore, the resulting gains in available class time deriving from a flipped learning approach allowed the students to examine the issue from diverse perspectives.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.25-36
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• 2016

As the first public park in Korea, birth place of the march first independence movement, and a representative space of leisure of old men, Tapgol Park contains diverse symbolisms and meanings. In 2000, Seoul authorities selected the symbolism of the March First independence movement, and carried forward the sacralization project of Tapgol Park. They eliminated facilities, including vending machines, and restricted most of the leisure activities in the park such as drinking singing dancing, speech, playing chess, writing calligraphy, etc., and loitering. Also, they changed the park's design into a less available space with green areas and switched wooden benches to granite stone. Since the project finished, a representative phenomenon was the elderly men's exodus to Jongmyo Park, where the restrictions were not strong as in Tapgol Park. As a result, the numbers of users in Tapgol Park decreased sharply. However, overcrowded(more than 3000) Jongmyo Park is also in the middle of a sacralization project now. According to an investigation including observation and in-depth interview, most of the elderly men who use the parks almost everyday were in the low economic class. They just visit the parks everyday and chat with their peers, gaining comfort from each other. These phenomena can be interpreted as a social exclusion in society, which made the elderly men move to another place. Meanwhile, although fifteen years has passed since the project was completed, many people still regard the Tapgol Park as a place for elderly men instead of the birth place of the March First Independence Movement. This study focused on such problems and vague place identity, which is neither a memorial place nor a public park. The study discovery the fact they missed the symbolism that Tapgol Park was the first urban park of Korea. Also, it stresses that the monumentality does not need to be sacred, reverent, or inflexible. With this point of view, this study discussed public aspect and everydayness, which are included in most of the urban parks. Finally, this study suggests Tapgol Park as an urban park that has an identity that embraces the condition of monumentality, everydayness, and publicness all together.