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Study on the Method of Phosphorus Fertilizer Application for Tomato in Phosphorus Accumulated Soil (인산축적지(燐酸蓄積地)에서 토마토에 대(對)한 인산시비방법(燐酸施肥方法) 구명(究明))

  • Hwang, Ki-Sung;Yoon, Jung-Hui;Park, Young-Dae;Ho, Que-Soon
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.260-264
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    • 1991
  • To investigate the proper fertilization position in the soil accumulated with phosphorus and salt, tomato, Seo-Kwang, was planted on the bottomless pot, 45cm diameter 30cm length, filled with three different soils ranged 567 to 1,140 ppm of available phosphorus (0.45~3.69 mmhos/cm in electrical conductivity). Fertilizer phosphorus was treated at three different sites of side 0~5,6~10, 11~15cm and three different sites of depth; 0~5, 6~10, 11~15cm, The results are follows; Fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) of phosphrous of tomato was decreased as avilable phosphorus in soil increased. Highest FOE of phosphorus was showed at band application of feliilizer phosphorus at 0~5cm side and 11~15cm depth in the soil contain ing 567ppm of available phosphorus, and 6~10cm side and 0~5cm depth in the soils containing 942 and 1,140ppm of phosphorus. At 45 days after planting tomato root was highly distribued to 0~5cm side and depth respectively in low salt soil (0.45mmhos/cm), 11~15cm depth in 2.61mmhos/cm soil and 6~10cm depth in 3.69mmhos/cm. The fertilizer use efficiency of phosphorus of tomato plant war negatively significantly correlated with soil EC and phosphate concentration at 45 days after planting. The fertilizer use efficiency of phosphorus was more highly correlated with available phosphorus than electrical conductivity in soil.

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Effect of the Vessel Vibration Noise to the Underwater Ambient Noise (선박진동소음이 해중환경소음에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • 박중희
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.163-168
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    • 1987
  • The underwater observation of the ambient noise and the noise generated by the engine revolution in a ship was carried out in July to August, 1984, 1985 and 1987, near around some ports and in the Eastern Sea of Korea. Vertical distribution of the sound pressure of both noises were observed and the spectrum characteristics were analysed and compared. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Sound pressure level of the ambient noise at 5m deep layer in calm sea condition (wind speed 0-2m/s) near around the ports were observed as 108dB at the eastern part of Pusan port, 106dB at the southern part of Pusan port and 101dB at Kuryongpo port. It shows that the level near around the large port which contains much noisy resources is higher than the small port. The level at 5m deep layer in the open sea, in the mid-region between Korean Peninsula and Ulnung Island was observed as 100dB. It mean that the level in the open sea is lower than that around the ports. The level at 20m and 70m deep layer were 1-2dB lower than that at 5m deep layer, and that at deeper layer than 100m was almost constantly 100dB around. 2. Sound pressure level of the ambient noise at 5m deep layer in windy open sea condition (wind speed 10-15m/s) was 108dB, and was gradually decreased in accordance with the increase of depth with representing 100dB at 70m deep layer and that at deeper layer was almost constantly 100dB. The level of the noise generated by engine revolution was 146, 125, 112, 110, 104dB at 5, 50, 100, 150 and 200m deep layer respectively. It means that the level decrease with the depth. 3. Spectrum level of the ambient noise at 5m deep layer with the frequency band of 10 Hz, 100 Hz, 1 KHz, 10 KHz, in the windy sea condition were 86, 75, 61, 32dB respectively and the level of the noise generated by engine revolution was 105, 95, 86, 55dB respectively. It means that the latter are about 20dB higher than the former. The level of the former at 200m deep layer was 80, 68, 47, 26dB and the latter 82, 70, 59, 31dB. It means that the latter are about 4dB higher than the former.

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Effects of Leisure Time-Use and Occupational Performance according to the Participation of a Rehabilitation Sports Program for Intellectual Disabilities Residing in a Residential Care Facility (시설 거주 지적장애인들의 재활체육 프로그램 참여에 따른 여가시간 사용과 여가활동 수행에 미치는 영향)

  • Son, Sung-Min;Lee, Kyeong-Lark;Jeon, Byoung-Jin
    • The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.51-59
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    • 2016
  • Objective : The purpose of study is to provide basic information about the effects of leisure time use and leisure activity performance for intellectual disabilities residing in a residential care facility by participating a regular rehabilitation sports program. Methods : Participants were recruited 8 individual with intellectual disability in a residential care facility in Yong-in city and the study period lasted 12 weeks, from september 1 to November 30 in 2015. As a program, participants participated a muscle strengthening exercise using a Gym-ball and a elastic band. In order to analyze leisure time-use, time questionnaire was used every month to analyze total time and exercise frequency. Also, analyze the effects of leisure activity performance, Canadian Occupational Performance Measure(COPM) was used to performance and satisfaction of dynamic leisure activity. Collected data was encoded by item and analyzed with SPSS ver18.0. Descriptive statistics were used for the participants' general information. A non-parametric test (the Friedman test) was used to analyze leisure time-use. A non-parametric test (the Wilcoxon's signed ranked test) was used to analyze to the effects of leisure activity performance. Statistical significance was accepted outside the 95% confidence interval. Results : The results of the total time and the exercise frequency showed significant increase. Also, the results of the performance and the satisfaction showed significant increase. Conclusion : Thus, the participation of the rehabilitation sports program is a vital element to lead to change leisure time use and leisure activity performance for intellectual disabilities residing in a residential care facility. Also, through the providing and the developing a regular rehabilitation sports program systematically, intellectual disabilities residing in a residential care facility have a higher quality of life and satisfaction of the daily routine and life in a residential care facility.

Studies on the Principal Characteristics of Superior Hybrid Pine (침엽수(針葉樹) 우량교잡종(優良交雜種)의 특성(特性)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Ahn, Kun Yong
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.102-114
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    • 1976
  • This experiment was conducted to investigate the percentage of fertile seed in terms of crossabilities and relationships of taxonomic affinities for the ${\times}$ P. rigitaeda of interspecific hybrid, ${\times}$ P. rigida rigitaeda and ${\times}$ P. rigitaeda rigida of backcross hybrids, $F_2$ of ${\times}$ P. rigitaeda and natural hybrid of ${\times}$ P. rigitaeda within Sub-genus Diploxylon of the Genus Pinus. The possibility of establishment of hybrid seed orchard and differentia of hybrids for the purpose of extensive program of reforestation in the future have also been investigated. And, the experimental results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. On the basis of crossabilities as well as on the taxonomic affinities according to the systems of Shaw, Pilger and Duffield, it has been proven that the parental species of those hybrids are of close affinities and range of the fertile hybrid seed production rate was as high as 67-87% in the best hybrid combination (Table 6). 2. Those hybrids seemed to be most promising in the growth perfermance exhibiting 28-80% more volume growth compared to the P. rigida with the statistic significance of 1-5% level (Table 7, 8, 9). And all hybrids exhibit cold hardiness as much as P. rigida except $F_1$ hybrid of ${\times}$ P. rigitaeda and it seems to suggest that the characteristics of cold hardiness were transmitted from the P. rigida. 3. With regard to the anatomical characteristics of needle, the hypoderm is biform in most of the hybrid pines and the characteristics of resin canals are medial in all hybrid. And, the fibrovascular bundles are intermediate of both parent in all hybrid. Therefore it was found to be possible to distinguish the hybrids pines from their parents by the needle characteristics (Table 10). 4. It has been demonstrated that the hybrids pines have a phenolic substance (No. 7) of pale yellow at Rf-0.66, same as P. rigida, but no trace of phenolic substance was observed in the P. taeda. This fact will serve as an important criteria for early identification of hybridity in progeny testing (Table 11). 5. It was found to be possible to distinguish by the starch gel electrophoretic variations banding patterns and staining densities of isoperoxidase in the needles of the hybrids pines from their parents (Fig. 1).

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Application of an empirical method to improve radar rainfall estimation using cross governmental dual-pol. radars (범부처 이중편파레이더의 강우 추정 향상을 위한 경험적 방법의 적용)

  • Yoon, Jungsoo;Suk, Mi-Kyung;Nam, Kyung-Yeub;Park, Jong-Sook
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.49 no.7
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    • pp.625-634
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    • 2016
  • Three leading agencies under different ministries - Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) in the ministry of Environment, Han river control office in the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MOLIT) and Weather Group of ROK Air Force in the Ministry of National Defense (MND) - have been operated radars in the purpose of observing weather, hydrology and military operational weather in Korea. Eight S-band dual-pol. radars have been newly installed or replaced by these ministries over different places by 2015. However each ministry has different aims of operating radars, observation strategies, data processing algorithms, etc. Due to the differences, there is a wide level of accuracy on observed radar data as well as the composite images made of the cross governmental radar measurement. Gaining fairly high level of accuracy on radar data obtained by different agencies has been shared as a great concern by the ministries. Thus, "an agreement of harmonizing weather and hydrological radar products" was made by the three ministries in 2010. Particularly, this is very important to produce better rainfall estimation using the cross governmental radar measurement. Weather Radar Center(WRC) in KMA has been developed an empirical method using measurements observed by Yongin testbed radar. This study is aiming to examine the efficiency of the empirical method to improve the accuracies of radar rainfalls estimated from cross governmental dual-pol. radar measurements. As a result, the radar rainfalls of three radars (Baengnyeongdo, Biseulsan, and, Sobaeksan Radar) were shown improvement in accuracy (1-NE) up to 70% using data from May to October in 2015. Also, the range of the accuracies in radar rainfall estimation, which were from 30% to 60% before adjusting polarimetric variables, were decreased from 65% to 70% after adjusting polarimetric variables.

Effects on senior fitness, cognitive function and daily living activity of female elderly with light dementia by continuous and intermittent exercises (연속적.간헐적 운동이 경증치매 여성고령자의 기능적 체력, 인지기능 및 일상생활수행능력에 미치는 영향)

  • Kang, Joo-Seong;Jeang, Il-Hong;Yang, Jum-Hong
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.11 no.11
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    • pp.4234-4243
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    • 2010
  • Dementia such as poor concentration, anxiety and tension makes it hard to continue exercise in reality. For this, intermediate exercise is suggested in this study. And the study investigates the effects on senior fitness, cognitive function(MMSE-K) and daily living activity(ADL) by continuous exercise and intermittent exercise, which helps to provide proper exercise treatment to them. For this, female elderly patients at A dementia hospital in B Metropolitan city are selected and they have been diagnosed with possible Alzheimer's disease according to DSM-IV. Among them, six(6) are grouped for continuous exercise and five(5) for intermediate exercise, total 11 people are finally tested. They are given hand&foot exercise, Korean folk dance and band exercise three times a week for the total 12 weeks. The continuous exercise group does their exercise one time of 30 minutes a day while the intermediate exercise group for three times of each 10 minute a day. For the result, SPSS Ver. 18.0 is used to get mean value(M) and standard deviation(SD) and in order to verify the interaction effect between exercise group and time, two-way repeated ANOVA is applied and statistical significance level is set at .05. The result shows that there is significant difference in time between senior fitness and cognitive function. But there is no significant difference in group and time${\times}$group. And there is no significant difference in time, group and time${\times}$group for daily living activity. Continuous exercise group and intermediate exercise group both have the similar effects. That does not mean that intermediate exercise is the best for all people with dementia, but in terms of exercise time, intermittent exercise may be effective for patients of light dementia.

Two-dimensional Velocity Measurements of Campbell Glacier in East Antarctica Using Coarse-to-fine SAR Offset Tracking Approach of KOMPSAT-5 Satellite Image (KOMPSAT-5 위성영상의 Coarse-to-fine SAR 오프셋트래킹 기법을 활용한 동남극 Campbell Glacier의 2차원 이동속도 관측)

  • Chae, Sung-Ho;Lee, Kwang-Jae;Lee, Sungu
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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    • v.37 no.6_3
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    • pp.2035-2046
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    • 2021
  • Glacier movement speed is the most basic measurement for glacial dynamics research and is a very important indicator in predicting sea level rise due to climate change. In this study, the two-dimensional velocity measurements of Campbell Glacier located in Terra Nova Bay in East Antarctica were observed through the SAR offset tracking technique. For this purpose, domestic KOMPSAT-5 SAR satellite images taken on July 9, 2021 and August 6, 2021 were acquired. The Multi-kernel SAR offset tracking proposed through previous studies is a technique to obtain the optimal result that satisfies both resolution and precision. However, since offset tracking is repeatedly performed according to the size of the kernel, intensive computational power and time are required. Therefore, in this study, we strategically proposed a coarse-to-fine offset tracking approach. Through coarse-to-fine SAR offset tracking, it is possible to obtain a result with improved observation precision (especially, about 4 times in azimuth direction) while maintaining resolution compared to general offset tracking results. Using this proposed technique, a two-dimensional velocity measurements of Campbell Glacier were generated. As a result of analyzing the two-dimensional movement velocity image, it was observed that the grounding line of Campbell Glacier exists at approximately latitude -74.56N. The flow velocity of Campbell Glacier Tongue analyzed in this study (185-237 m/yr) increased compared to that of 1988-1989 (140-240 m/yr). And compared to the flow velocity (181-268 m/yr) in 2010-2012, the movement speed near the ground line was similar, but it was confirmed that the movement speed at the end of the Campbell Glacier Tongue decreased. However, there is a possibility that this is an error that occurs because the study result of this study is an annual rate of glacier movement that occurred for 28 days. For accurate comparison, it will be necessary to expand the data in time series and accurately calculate the annual rate. Through this study, the two-dimensional velocity measurements of the glacier were observed for the first time using the KOMPSAT-5 satellite image, a domestic X-band SAR satellite. It was confirmed that the coarse-to-fine SAR offset tracking approach of the KOMPSAT-5 SAR image is very useful for observing the two-dimensional velocity of glacier movements.

The Development and Originality of Wind Chimes of the Goryeo Dynasty (고려시대 풍탁(風鐸)의 전개와 독창성)

  • Lee, Young-sun
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.52 no.2
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    • pp.292-307
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    • 2019
  • Buddhists have always tended to adorn and embellish Buddhist statues and their surrounding spaces in order to exhibit the grandeur and sublime nature of the Buddha. The various kinds of splendid instruments and implements used in such ornamentation are collectively called jangeomgu in Korean. Thus, the term jangeomgu encompasses articles used to decorate Buddhist statues, halos, and baldachin, as well as Buddhist banners and wind chimes, which are generally hung outside a building. Wind chimes are still widely used at Buddhist temples. In China, judging from various structures such as the Wooden Stupa of Yongningsi in Luoyang and the Dunhuang Caves, wind chimes began to be used around the sixth century. As for Korea, Buddhism was first introduced from China during the Three Kingdoms Period, and Koreans accordingly began to build Buddhist temples and buildings. It would appear that wind chimes came to be used around the time that the first temples were built. The oldest extant wind chime in Korea is the gilt-bronze wind chime of Baekje, discovered at the Mireuksa Temple Site in Iksan. In general, Korean wind chimes dating from the Three Kingdoms Period are classified into two general types according to their shape and elevation, i.e., those shaped like a Buddhist bell and those shaped like a trapezoid. As these two forms of wind chimes have influenced each other over time, those made during the Goryeo dynasty, having inherited the style, structure, and design of the preceding period, display such features. At the same time, the artisans who produced wind chimes pursued technical development and adopted free, yet not extravagant, designs. In particular, Goryeo wind chimes are characterized by original designs created through exchanges with other Buddhist art forms of the same period, such as the embossed lotus design band of Goryeo bells; the bullmun design, which served to display the grandeur of the royal family; the samhwanmun design, which consisted of decorating the interior of a Goryeo incense burner with three holes; Sanskrit designs; and designs inspired by the windows and doors of stone pagodas. In this way, the production of Goryeo wind chimes developed with a focus on purpose while being free of formal constraints. This study started out from the fact that the largest number of Korean wind chimes were produced during the Goryeo dynasty. Therefore, research on wind chimes should be based on those of the Goryeo dynasty, especially since fewer relevant studies have been conducted compared to studies on other forms of Buddhist art. For the purposes of this study, the reasons for the production of wind chimes will be examined first, followed by an examination of the various styles of Korean wind chimes. Then, based on the findings of this investigation, the development and characteristics of the wind chimes produced during the Goryeo dynasty will be explored for each period.

Effect of combined exercise on metabolic bio-marker in overweight and obese children (복합운동이 과체중 및 비만 남자 초등학생의 대사적지표에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Hyun-Jun;Kim, Tae-Un;Lee, Sangyeoup;Shin, Goon-Soo;Kim, Young-Joo;Kim, Su-Yung
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.49 no.9
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    • pp.946-951
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    • 2006
  • Purpose : The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of combined exercise for 12 weeks on the adiponectin and obesity related variables in overweight and obese children. Methods : Eighteen children in 5th grade in a certain elementary school in Busan were recruited. They were all overweight or obese children(more than 85 percentile in body mass index). Nine children in the experimental group were given exercises consisting of walking and band resistant training for 12 weeks. Auxological data(including height, weight and body fat mass) and laboratory data (fasting blood sugar, insulin, adiponectin) were checked at baseline and at the 1 week, and at the 4 weeks and 12 weeks stages of their exercise program. Insulin resistance and sensitivity were evaluated indirectly using HOMA index and QUICKI index. Results : Adiponectin gradually decreased until the 4 weeks point and gradually increased thereafter to the starting level at the 12 weeks stage. Body weight, body mass index(BMI) and HOMA index significantly decreased more at the 1 week, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks stages in the experimental group than in the control group. Body fat mass significantly decreased at 12 weeks. The change of insulin was significantly correlated with changes of body weight and BMI. But there was no correlation between changes of adiponectin and changes of insulin. Conclusion : Exercise seems to effect the adiponectin concentration. And it might be assumed that exercise increases the adiponectin concentration if it is continued for long time(may be more than 12 weeks). More studies may be necessary to draw that conclusion.

A Polarization-based Frequency Scanning Interferometer and the Measurement Processing Acceleration based on Parallel Programing (편광 기반 주파수 스캐닝 간섭 시스템 및 병렬 프로그래밍 기반 측정 고속화)

  • Lee, Seung Hyun;Kim, Min Young
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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    • v.50 no.8
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    • pp.253-263
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    • 2013
  • Frequency Scanning Interferometry(FSI) system, one of the most promising optical surface measurement techniques, generally results in superior optical performance comparing with other 3-dimensional measuring methods as its hardware structure is fixed in operation and only the light frequency is scanned in a specific spectral band without vertical scanning of the target surface or the objective lens. FSI system collects a set of images of interference fringe by changing the frequency of light source. After that, it transforms intensity data of acquired image into frequency information, and calculates the height profile of target objects with the help of frequency analysis based on Fast Fourier Transform(FFT). However, it still suffers from optical noise on target surfaces and relatively long processing time due to the number of images acquired in frequency scanning phase. 1) a Polarization-based Frequency Scanning Interferometry(PFSI) is proposed for optical noise robustness. It consists of tunable laser for light source, ${\lambda}/4$ plate in front of reference mirror, ${\lambda}/4$ plate in front of target object, polarizing beam splitter, polarizer in front of image sensor, polarizer in front of the fiber coupled light source, ${\lambda}/2$ plate between PBS and polarizer of the light source. Using the proposed system, we can solve the problem of fringe image with low contrast by using polarization technique. Also, we can control light distribution of object beam and reference beam. 2) the signal processing acceleration method is proposed for PFSI, based on parallel processing architecture, which consists of parallel processing hardware and software such as Graphic Processing Unit(GPU) and Compute Unified Device Architecture(CUDA). As a result, the processing time reaches into tact time level of real-time processing. Finally, the proposed system is evaluated in terms of accuracy and processing speed through a series of experiment and the obtained results show the effectiveness of the proposed system and method.