• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.623-630
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• 2018

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common cause of chronic liver diseases. This study was to characterize early hepatic lipid changes in fatty liver rat model by in vivo short-echo time(TE) $^1H$-MRS(Proton - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy). Each the examinations were measured from liver parenchyma in rats at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks followed by high fat diet, respectively. Significant increase in lipid signals. 0.9, 1.3, 2.3, 2.8, and 5.3 ppm was found in animals with 2 weeks(p<0.01). Therefore, $^1H$-MRS is useful in detecting and characterizing various hepatic lipid alterations as early as 2 weeks for the start high fat diet.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.347-350
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• 2003

Dialysis and renal transplantation, the current therapies for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), have many limitations including severe complications, organ shortage, and graft failure. To overcome the limitations, the present study investigated the reconstruction of renal tissue in vivo by transplanting isolated fetal renal cells using fibrin gel to the kidney of renal failure rat model. After 4 weeks from the transplantation, blood urea nitrogen(BUN) and creatinine were examined from blood samples and histological examination of the implanted tissues revealed formation of renal-like structures and restoration of renal function.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.269-273
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• 1974

This present investigation was concerned with the content of ash, Mg, Ca, K and N'a of bone, cartilage, incisor teeth and molar teeth in rats of different weights. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. Cartilage is the most adequate model for the study in vivo of mechanisms concerned with normal calcification. 2. The percentage of inorganic material in cartilage rose from approx 13% of the dry weight in 5g rat to 46% in the tissue from rats weighing 134g 3. There was no marked change in the content of ash, Ca, Mg, K and Na after eruptions due to the increasing weight.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.361-369
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• 2015

The precise mechanism underlying the therapeutic efficacy of an extraction powder of Angelica gigas (AGE) for the treatment of degenerative osteoarthritis was investigated in primary cultured rabbit chondrocytes and in a monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis rat model. The treatment with AGE (50 μg/mL) effectively inhibited NF-B activation. The anti-inflammatory mechanism was clarified by gelatin zymography and western blotting measurements of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activities. The AGE (50 μg/mL) treatment significantly reduced MMP-9 activity. The constituents of AGE— decursinol, decursin, and decursinol angelate—were determined by LC-MS/MS after a 24 hr treatment of rabbit chondrocytes. The contents of the major products, decursin and decursinol angelate, were 3.62±0.47 and 2.14 ±0.36 μg/mg protein, respectively in AGE-treated (50 μg/mL) rabbit chondrocytes. An in vivo animal study on rats fed a diet containing 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg AGE for 3 weeks revealed a significant inhibition of the MMPs in the MIA-induced rat articular cartilage. The genetic expression of arthritic factors in the articular cartilage was examined by RT-PCR of collagen Type I, collagen Type II, aggrecan, and MMP (MMP3, MMP-9, MMP13). Specifically, AGE up-regulated the expression of collagen Type I, collagen Type II, and aggrecan and inhibited MMP levels at all tested concentrations. Collectively, AGE showed a strong specific site of action on MMP regulation and protected against the degeneration of articular cartilage via cellular regulation of MMP expression both in vitro and in vivo.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.125-132
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• 2011

Objectives : An aim of study is to investigate effects of curculiginis rhizoma in vitro (factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor assay, prothrombinase assay, prothrombin time (PT) assay, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) assay) and in vivo experiment (blood clotting time, thromboxane B2 content assay in serum and weight of thrombus by AV-shunt rat model). Methods : We gained a human serum and used serum in vitro study such as factor X activity (FXa) inhibition, prothrombinase inhibition, prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time. Fifteen SD rats were divided into three groups (intact control group and two experimental group treated with extract of Curculiginis Rhizoma(ECR)). Rats were orally administrated DW (intact control group), 600 mg/kg concertration of ECR and 200 mg/kg concertration of ECR. After one hour, we anesthetized rats and made arteriovenous (AV) shunt rat models to study weights of thrombus, took a hole blood to study content of thromboxane B2 and blood clotting time. Results : In vitro, ECR increased a inhibitory activity of FXa, prothrombinase and aPTT compared than intact control group. Especially ECR made significant increase of FXa and prothrombinase inhibitory activity (p<0.05, p<0.01). And PT were increased in ECR control group compared with intact control group. In vivo, a blood clotting time of experiment group treated with ECR 600 mg/kg were significantly increased compared with that of intact control group (p<0.05) and content of thromboxane B2 was significantly decreased in group treated with ECR 600 mg/kg in seum. The weight of thrombus were significantly reduced in group treated with ECR 600 mg/kg compared with intact control group (p<0.05). But in vivo experiment study, those of group treated with ECR 200 mg/kg were reduced compared with those of intact control group without statistical significance. Conclusions : ECR has a antithromboic activity in internal course with inhibitory activity of FXa and prothrombinase in vitro, it required to research more study for effective compounds.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.265-273
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The inhibitory effect of Hijikia fusiforme (HF) extracts on degenerative osteoarthritis was examined in primary cultured rat cartilage cells and a monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis rat model. MATERIALS/METHODS: In vitro, cell survival and the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), collagen type I, collagen type II, aggrecan, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) was measured after $H_2O_2$ ($800{\mu}M$, 2 hr) treatment in primary chondrocytes. In vivo animal study, osteoarthritis was induced by intra-articular injection of MIA into knee joints of rats, and then RH500, HFE250 and HFE500 were administered orally once a day for 28 days. To determine the anti-inflammatory effects of HFE, nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) expression were measured. In addition, real-time PCR was performed to measure the genetic expression of MMPs, collagen type I, collagen type II, aggrecan, and TIMPs. RESULTS: In the in vitro assay, cell survival after $H_2O_2$ treatment was increased by HFE extract (20% EtOH). In addition, anabolic factors (genetic expression of collagen type I, II, and aggrecan) were increased by HFE extract (20% EtOH). However, the genetic expression of MMP-3 and 7, known as catabolic factors were significantly inhibited by treatment with HFE extract (20% EtOH). In the in vivo assay, anabolic factors (genetic expression of collagen type I, II, aggrecan, and TIMPs) were increased by oral administration of HFE extract. However, the genetic expression of MMP-3 and 7, known as catabolic factors, and production of NO and $PGE_2$ were significantly inhibited by treatment with oral administration of HFE extract. CONCLUSION: HFE extract inhibited articular cartilage degeneration through preventing extracellular matrix degradation and chondrocyte injury.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.255-262
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the physiological changes induced acutely with the low doses of lead acetate in the synaptosomes from the cerebrum and brain stem of the rat. The general uptake patterns of [$^3$H]-serotonin were observed in synaptosomes, as a model of presynaptic nerve terminal, from the cerebrum and brain stem. And the effects of the low doses of lead acetate on the uptake process were investigated id vitro and in vivo. The Km value of the uptake of the [$^3$H]-serotonin by the synaptosomes was 0.5 $\mu$M in the cerebrum and 0.1 $\mu$M in the brain stem. These low values reveal that the synaptosomes from the cerebrum and the brain stem have a high affinity to [$^3$H]-serotonin, especially in brain stem. The uptake of $\mu$M-serotonin was dependant on the sodium and potassium ions. When being treated with ouabain, the $Na^+$ $-K^+$ ATPase inhibitor, the uptake of [$^3$H]-serotonin was reduced. This supports strongly that the uptake of [$^3$H]-serotonin was sensitive to the changes of the concentrations of the sodium and potassium ions. When the calcium channel blocker, verapamil, was treated, the uptake of [$^3$H]-serotonin was changed only in synaptosomes from the brain stem. The uptake of [$^3$H]-serotonin was reduced by the lead treatment in the synaptosomes from the cerebrum and brain stem in vitro and in vivo. [lead acetate, synaptosomes, $^3$H-serotonin, rat]

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1225-1230
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• 2004

The stability of fluoroalkyl groups as a pendent on the phenyl ring was measured in vitro using rat hepatic microsomes and human serum to predict their in vivo stabilities. We have prepared three [$^{18}F$]fluoroalkyl-biphenyls as the model compounds of fluoroalkyl aromatic compounds to compare the in vitro stabilities. In addition, in vitro stabilities were measured separately using rat hepatic microsomes and human serum at $37^{\circ}C$. Fluoroethylbiphenyl had similar or slightly superior stability to fluoropropylbiphenyl and these two compounds were much more stable than fluoromethylbiphenyl in vitro.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.199-208
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was performed to introduce an in vivo hybrid multimodality technique involving the coregistration of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) to concomitantly visualize and quantify mineralization and vascularization at follow-up in a rat model. Materials and Methods: Three adult female rats were randomly assigned as test subjects, with 1 rat serving as a control subject. For 20 weeks, the test rats received a weekly intravenous injection of 30 ㎍/kg zoledronic acid, and the control rat was administered a similar dose of normal saline. Bilateral extraction of the lower first and second molars was performed after 10 weeks. All rats were scanned once every 4 weeks with both micro-CT and HR-MRI. Micro-CT and HR-MRI images were registered and fused in the same 3-dimensional region to quantify blood flow velocity and trabecular bone thickness at T0 (baseline), T4 (4 weeks), T8 (8 weeks), T12 (12 weeks), T16 (16 weeks), and T20 (20 weeks). Histological assessment was the gold standard with which the findings were compared. Results: The histomorphometric images at T20 aligned with the HR-MRI findings, with both test and control rats demonstrating reduced trabecular bone vasculature and blood vessel density. The micro-CT findings were also consistent with the histomorphometric changes, which revealed that the test rats had thicker trabecular bone and smaller marrow spaces than the control rat. Conclusion: The combination of micro-CT and HR-MRI may be considered a powerful non-invasive novel technique for the longitudinal quantification of localized mineralization and vascularization.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

AIF has been formulated using three herbs known to have anti-inflammatory and anti-osteolytic effects. In this study, the potential therapeutic effects of AIF for osteoarthritis were assessed in vitro and in vivo. The effects of AIF on the cartilage and bone protection (MMP-13 expression, GAG degradation, OPG release) were examined, in vitro. In addition, the therapeutic effect of AIF was evaluated using a chemical-induced osteoarthritis rat model. Rats were injected with iodoacetate intraarticularly in one knee joint and treated with the oral administration of 100 mg/kg AIF-glucosamine once a day for 3 weeks. And then, destruction of cartilage and bone was evaluated by histopathological assessment. AIF significantly inhibited the production of MMP13 and GAG in a dose dependent manner in vitro. Also, AIF increased the production of OPG. In OA rat model, the AIF-glucosamine treated group reduced cartilage destruction, compared to vehicle or glucosamine treated group. AIF showed potent protective effects for the destruction of cartilage and bone, in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that AIF contains effective compound(s) which may modify the progression of arthritis.