• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.149-154
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of abnormal ovarian cycles after superovulation treatment of Hanwoo donors. Thirty six, at random stages of the estrous cycle, received a CIDR. Four days later, the animals were superovulated with a total of 28AU FSH (Antorin, 2AU=1 ml) administered twice daily in constant doses over 4 days. On the 3th administration of FSH, CIDR was withdrawn and 25 mg $PGF_2{\alpha}$ was administered. Cows were artificially inseminated twice after estrous detection at 12 hr intervals. The cows received $100\;{\mu}g$ GnRH at the time of Ind insemination. Embryos were recovered 7 or 8 days after the 1st insemination. The cows were considered to have resumed ovarian cyclicity on the day of ovulation if followed by regular ovarian cycles. 50.0 percentage of the cows (18/36) had normal resumption of ovarian cyclicity (resumption within 40 days after superovulation), and 50.0% (18/36) had delayed resumption(resumption did not occur until>40 days after superovulation). Delayed resumption Type II (first ovulation did not occur until $\geq$ 40 days after superovulation, i.e. delayed first ovulation 33.3%) were the most common types of delayed resumptions. The mean numbers of total ova from < 10 and 10$\leq$ of corpora lutea (CL) was 7.3 and 13.9, respectively. The number of transferable embryos differed between < 10 and 10$\leq$ CL was 4.2 and 5.1, respectively. 11.1 percentage of the cows (4/36) did not resumption their ovarian cyclicity until 60 days after superovulation treatment.

• 생약학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2022

Sparassis crispa is an edible mushroom that has been widely utilized in Japan and Korea. It has various biological activities, such as anti-hypertensive, anti-allergic, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-cancer effects. In this study, we investigated the anticancer activity and underlying molecular mechanism of chloroform fraction of methanol extract of S. crispa (CESP) against cervical cancer stem cells (CSCs), which contribute to tumor initiation, recurrence, and resistance to therapy of human cervical cancer. CESP effectively inhibited the proliferation, tumorsphere formation, and migration of HeLa-derived cervical CSCs by promoting apoptosis. In addition, CESP significantly downregulated the expression of key cancer stemness markers, including integrin α6, CD133, CD44, ALDH1A1, Nanog, Oct-4, and Sox-2, in HeLa-derived cervical CSCs. Furthermore, CESP remarkably suppressed in vivo tumor growth of HeLa-derived cervical CSCs in a chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. Therefore, our findings suggest that CESP has potential as a natural medicine for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer by targeting CSCs.

• BMB Reports
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.656-661
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• 2007

In this report, we describe an optimized method for generation of ephA8 BAC transgenic mice expressing the lacZ reporter gene under ephA8 regulatory sequences. First, we constructed a targeting vector that carries a 1.2 kb ephA8 DNA upstream of its first exon, a lacZ expression cassette, a kanamycin cassette, and a 0.7 kb ephA8 DNA downstream of its first exon. Second, the targeting vector was electroporated into cells containing the ephA8 BAC and pKOBEGA, in which recombinases induce a homologous recombination between the ephA8 BAC DNA and the targeting vector. Third, the FLP plasmid expressing the Flipase was electroporated into these bacteria to eliminate a kanamycin cassette from the recombinant BAC DNA. The appropriate structures of the modified ephA8 BAC DNA were confirmed by Southern analysis. Finally, BAC transgenic mouse embryos were generated by pronuclear injection of the recombinant BAC DNA. Whole mount X-gal staining revealed that the lacZ reporter expression is restricted to the anterior region of the developing midbrain in each transgenic embryo. These results indicate that the ephA8 BAC DNA contains most, if not all, regulatory sequences to direct temporal and spatial expression of the lacZ gene in vivo.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.109-113
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• 2007

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of cytochalasin B (CB) treatment in the activation medium on the development of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) rat embryos. Fetal fibroblast cells were isolated from a Day 14.5 fetus, and the oocytes for recipient cytoplasm were recovered from 4-week old Sprague Dawley rats. After enucleation and nuclear injection, the reconstructed oocytes were immediately exposed to activation medium consisting of 10 mM $SrCl_2$ with or without CB for 4 hr, and formation of pseudo-pronucleus (PPN) was checked at 18 hr after activation. Then, they were transferred into day 1 pseudopregnant recipients (Hooded Wistar) or cultured for 5 days to check their developmental competence in vivo or in vitro. The number of PPN was not affected by CB treatment during the activation. However, CB treatment supported pre-implantation development of rat SCNT embryos. Embryos generated by the procedures of SCNT were also capable of implanting, with 1 implantation scar found from a recipient following the transfer of 87 SCNT embryos to four foster mothers. The result of the present study shows that rat SCNT embryo can develop to post-implantation stage following treatment with CB.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.181-184
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• 2010

Osmolarity of culture media is one of the most important factors affecting in vitro development. This study was conducted to investigate the DNA methylation status of Pre-1 and satellite sequence in pig nuclear transfer (pNT) embryos produced under different osmolarity culture conditions. Control group of pNT embryos was cultured in PZM-3 for six days. Other two treatment groups of pNT embryos were cultured in modified PZM-3 with 138 mM NaG or 0.05M sucrose (mPZM-3, 320 mOsmol) for two days, and then cultured in PZM-3 (270 mOsmol) for four days. Previous our studies have reported that pNT embryos cultured in both hypertonic media showed significantly higher blastocyst formation rate than that of control. The DNA methylation status of the satellite sequences in blastocyst was characterized using bisulfite-sequencing technology. The satellite region had a similar methylation pattern of in vivo blastocyst among two culture groups excepting the control group. Each level of methylation is that the satellite DNA moderately methylated (43.10% of PZM-3; 56.12% of NaCl; 55.06% of sucrose; 60.00% of in vivo embryos). As a result of the sequence of PRE-1, CpG methylation pattern was similar to three groups, including in vivo group. In case of the satellite DNA region, the osmolarity conditions were affected CpG DNA methylation status while PRE-1 sequence was not affected CpG DNA methylation in pNT blastocyst stage. These results indicate that the modification of osmolarity in a culture media may influence to spatially change of DNA methylation of repetitive sequence for pNT embryo development.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 1997

본 연구는 체외생산된 생쥐 1-세포기배의 초자화동결이 체외/체내 발달율과 수정란 이식후 태어난 산자의 염색체에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위해 실시하였다. 체외수정하여 얻어진 생쥐 1-세포기배는 EFS40 (40% ethlyene glycol, 30% Ficoll, 0.3 M sucrose) 동결액을 이용하여, 상온 ($25^{\circ}C$)에서 30초 동안 노출한후, 액체질소에 침지하여 초자화동결하였다. 동결후 융해된 생쥐 1-세포기 수정란은 M16 배양액에서 4일동안 배반포기까지 배양하였고, 이때 배반포기까지의 체외배 발달율은 71.5%였으며, 배양된 배반포기배는 가임신 3일된 대리모의 한쪽 또는 양쪽 자궁각에 (6~8개/자궁각) 이식하였다. 모든 대리모는 분만을 유기하였으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 임신율과 체내 생존율 즉, 산자 생산(80.0, 39.6%)에 있어서 대조군 (77.8, 50.0%)과 유의차가 없었다. 또한 수정란 이식후 태어난 모든 산자의 염색체 (n=40)는 정상이었다. 이상의 결과로 미루어볼 때 본 실험에서 이용된 초자화동결방법은 생쥐 1-세포기배의 동결에 효과적으로 이용될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.487-495
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• 2007

The objectives of the present study were to initiate cloning of Korean native goat by somatic cell nuclear transfer (NT) and to examine whether unovulated (follicular) oocytes can support the same developmental ability of NT embryos as ovulated (oviductal) oocytes after hCG injection in stimulated cycles of the goat. The in vivo-matured and immature oocytes were collected from the oviducts and follicles of superovulated does, respectively, and the immature oocytes were maturated in vitro. Ear skin fibroblasts derived from a 3-yr-old female Korean native goat were used as the donors of nuclei or karyoplasts. Following fusion, activation and in vitro culture to a 2- to 4-cell stage, 49 in vitro-derived and 105 in vivo-derived embryos were transferred to 6 and 17 recipient does, respectively. One doe and three does of the respective groups were identified as pregnant by ultrasonography on day 30 after embryo transfer. However, only one doe, which had received in vivo-derived embryos, delivered a normal female kid of 1.9 kg on d 149. The cloned kid gained more weight than her age-matched females as much as 87% during the first 4 mo after birth (17.7 vs. $9.4{\pm}0.8$ kg) and reached puberty at 6-mo age a few months earlier than normal female does. The telomere length of the kid, which was similar to that of the donor fibroblast at 2-mo age, decreased 8% between 2- and 7-mo ages. Moreover, at 7-mo age, she had 21% shorter telomere than her age-matched goats. To our knowledge, this is the first case in which a cloned animal born with a normal weight exhibited accelerated growth and development. The unusually rapid growth and development of the cloned goat may have resulted from SCNT-associated epigenetic reprogramming involving telomere shortening.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to report a case series of in vitro matured (IVM) oocyte freezing in gynecologic cancer patients undergoing radical surgery under time constraints as an option for fertility preservation (FP). Methods: Case series report. University-based in vitro fertilization center. Six gynecologic cancer patients who were scheduled to undergo radical surgery the next day were referred for FP. The patients had endometrial (n=2), ovarian (n=3), and double primary endometrial and ovarian (n=1) cancer. Ex vivo retrieval of immature oocytes from macroscopically normal ovarian tissue was followed by mature oocyte freezing after IVM or embryo freezing with intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Results: A total of 53 oocytes were retrieved from five patients, with a mean of 10.6 oocytes per patient. After IVM, a total of 36 mature oocytes were obtained, demonstrating a 67.9% maturation rate. With regard to the ovarian cancer patients, seven IVM oocytes were frozen from patient 3, who had stage IC cancer, whereas one IVM oocyte was frozen from patient 4, who had stage IV cancer despite being of a similar age. With regard to the endometrial cancer patients, 15 IVM oocytes from patient 1 were frozen. Five embryos were frozen after the fertilization of IVM oocytes from patient 6. Conclusion: Immature oocytes can be successfully retrieved ex vivo from macroscopically normal ovarian tissue before radical surgery. IVM oocyte freezing provides a possible FP option in patients with advanced-stage endometrial or ovarian cancer without the risk of cancer cell spillage or time delays.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.369-375
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• 2011

본 연구는 한우의 체외수정란 생산에서 체외성숙, 체외 배양시 배양액에 항산화제인 ${\alpha}$-Tocopherol의 첨가 농도에 따른 대조구와 처리구 난포란의 발달과 배반포 발생율 및 초자화 동결 후 생존성에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실험을 실시하였다. ${\alpha}$-Tocopherol 첨가 농도에 따른 분할율에서는 7~10월까지 비교한 결과, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol 200 ${\mu}M$ 첨가된 처리구가 대조구 및 타 처리구보다 높은 경향을 보였으나, 유의적 차이는 없었다. 배반포 발생율에서는 8~10월에서 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol 200 ${\mu}M$ 첨가된 처리구 $38.60{\pm}7.12%$가 대조구 및 타 처리구들보다 유의적으로 높게 (p<0.05) 나타났다. 초자화 동결 전 후의 총세포수는 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol 200 ${\mu}M$ 처리구에서 $115.80{\pm}6.61$개, $106.33{\pm}3.50$개로서, 다른 대조구 및 타 처리구보다 높은 세포수를 보였다. 월별에 따른 수정란의 배반포 발생율 및 동결 전후의 총세포수에서는 7~8월이 9~10월보다 유의적으로 높게 (p<0.05) 나타났다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.137-146
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• 2006

본 연구는 공여 세포의 종류, 수핵 난자의 유래 및 수란 산양 발정 동기화 조건이 복제 산양 생산에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시되었다. 공여 세포는 귀 유래 섬유아세포를 분리 배양하여 사용하였으며, 체내 성숙 난자는 성숙한 미경산 재래 산양에 과배란을 유기하여 외과적인 방법으로 난관 관류를 통해 회수하였으며, 배란이 되지 않은 난포란은 난포로부터 흡입 채취한 후, 22시간 동안 체외 성숙을 실시하여 사용하였다. 핵이식은 zona drilling 후, 극체와 세포질 일부분 제거를 통해 제핵을 실시하고, 핵이 제거된 난자의 위란강 내로 공핵 세포를 도입하여 실시하였다. 핵이식란의 융합은 전기 자극 방법으로 실시되었으며, 융합이 완료된 핵이식란의 활성화처리는 핵이식 3시간 후에 Ionomycin과 6-DMAP를 병용 처리하여 실시하였다. 복제 수정란의 체외배양은 0.8% BSA가 첨가된 mSOF 배양액으로 $2{\sim}4$ 세포기까지 체외 배양을 실시한 다음 수란 산양의 난관에 외과적으로 이식하였다. 임신 진단은 초음파 임신 진단기로 이식 후 제 30일과 60일에 실시하였다. 귀세포를 공핵 세포로 사용하였을 때 융합율이(63.8 VS. 26.5%) 태아 세포를 사용했을 때보다 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 총 102개의 복제 수정란을 20두에 이식하였으며, 30일에 4두(20.0%)가 임신하였으며 이중 1두가 1두의 복제 산양을 생산하였다. 수란 산양과 공란 산양간의 발정 동기화 간격(${\pm}0$ 또는 +12시간)별 수태율은 각각 18.2 및 16.7%로서 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 수란 산양의 발정 유기 방법에 따른 수태율에 있어서 CIDR 제거 후 hCG 및 PMSG를 투여하였을 때는 25%가 수태하였으나, hCG만 투여한 수란 산양은 수태가 되지 않아 인위적으로 발정 동기화된 수란 산양을 이용하였을 때는 산자를 생산하지 못했다. 자연 발정 산양의 경우, 발정이 동기화된(${\pm}0$) 수란 산양 1두에 체내 성숙 난자를 수핵란으로 사용하여 생산한 5 개의 복제 수정란을 이식하여 149일만에 국내에서 처음으로 복제 산양(진순이) 생산에 성공하였다. 체외 성숙 난자를 수핵란으로 사용하여 생산된 복제 수정란 5개를 이식하였으나 수태가 이루어지지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 재래 산양의 체세포 핵이 식에 의한 복제 산자 생산에서 보다 효율성을 높이고 수태율을 향상시키기 위한 조건은 체내 성숙 난자를 수핵 난자로 이용하여 공란 산양과 발정이 동기화된(${\pm}0$) 자연 발정 수란 산양에 복제 수정란을 이식하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 생각된다.