• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.383-389
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• 2015

This study was to examine the antioxidative activity of fermented Rhynchosia nulubilis (FRN) in obese rats. Oxidative stress due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause oxidative damage to cells. Mitochondria are especially important in the oxidative stress as ROS have been found to be constantly generated as an endogen threat. Mitochondrial defense depends mainly on superoxide dismutase whereas microsomal defense depends on catalase, which is an enzyme abundant in microsomes. Seven weeks-aged female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups and fed high fat diets for 44 days. Also fermented Rhynchosia nulubilis was administered orally for 44 days at 7.5 ml/kg of body weight of rats. The antioxidative activities of fermented Rhynchosia nulubilis were measured by the superoxide dismutase, catalase, malondialdehyde levels in liver homogenate. The levels of malondialdehyde in FRN-treated groups were lower than those in obese groups. Superoxide dismutase and catalase levels were significantly increased. These results demonstrated that fermented Rhynchosia nulubilis had the inhibitive effects of oxidative stress in obese rats, suggesting that fermented Rhynchosia nulubilis would be used as an ingredient of the useful functional products.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.598-606
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• 2015

To develop a functional drink using abalone, two abalone composites (APM-1, APM-2) were prepared by mixing the abalone and natural plants (Lycii fructus and Rubus coreanus Miq.). Their antioxidant and anti-fatigue effects were evaluated using rats running on a treadmill after 4 weeks supplementation of the abalone composites. Experimental groups were divided into four groups including normal (non-exercised group), control (exercised group), one dose per day (EAPM-1), and three doses per day (EAPM-2) with exercise by running. Antioxidant activities, and total phenols and flavonoids contents of APM-2 were significantly higher than those of APM-1 (p<0.05). Total lipid content in serum of EAPM-2 was significantly lower than that of control group (p<0.05). Lactate dehydrogenase activity and blood urea nitrogen content of EAPM-1 and EAPM-2 groups were significantly lower than that of control group. There were no significant difference in aspartate aminotransferase activity among control, EAPM-1 and EAPM-2 groups. In the meanwhile, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly lower than that of control group. In serum and liver tissues of EAPM-1 and EAPM-2 groups, lipid peroxide contents significantly decreased compared to control group. DPPH radical scavenging activities in liver tissues of EAPM-1 and EAPM-2 groups were significantly higher than those of control group. Therefore, abalone composites were effective for the alleviation of oxidative stress caused by treadmill running, which was dependent on antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds content.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2009

Scuticociliates Miamiensis avidus (syn. Philasterides dicentrarchi) causes high mortality and bad growth in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Temperature is an important factor not only for growth of pathogens but also for host immune system in poikilothermal animal. In this study, temperature affecting ciliate growth and pathogenicity against olive flounder were examined. Doubling time for the ciliate growth was 61.82 hours at $5{^{\circ}C}$, 26.32 hours at $10{^{\circ}C}$, 21.14 hours at $15{^{\circ}C}$, 16.86 hours $20{^{\circ}C}$ and 16.21 hours at $25{^{\circ}C}$. Maximum ciliate numbers were similar at $10-20{^{\circ}C}$ at the range of $1.54-1.75{\times}10^{5}$/ ml. Duplicated intraperitoneal injections were conducted with the ciliates by the concentrations of $1{\times}10^{2}$, $1{\times}10^{6}$, $1{\times}10^{4}$and $1{\times}10^{5}$/ fish (average 8.34 cm, 4.33 g) then kept at $10{^{\circ}C}$, $15{^{\circ}C}$ and $20{^{\circ}C}$. Cumulative mortality was low at $10{^{\circ}C}$ and the mortality was increasing at higher water temperatures. In addition, cumulative mortality was higher at higher dose of infections. In conclusion, Scuticocilite M. avidus grew well at higher temperature (at $5{^{\circ}C}$, $10{^{\circ}C}$, $15{^{\circ}C}$ and $25{^{\circ}C}$) in vitro, and olive flounder mortality due to M. avidus was highly water temperature and dose dependent. The results of this study suggest that water temperature control may one of the essential factor to reduce mortality due to M. avidus infection.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.1611-1617
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• 2004

This study was carried out to examine the effects of pills made of mulberry leaves and silkworm powder on lowering blood glucose level. Experimental animals were Sprague-Dawley male rat weighing 100$\pm$10 g and pills were supplemented with 0.4% (4 g/kg) diet. Experimental groups were assigned to diabetic group (DM group) and pill supplemented groups. Pill supplemented groups were classified 100% mulberry leaves (M group), mixing 25% silkworm powder to mulberry leaves (25SM group), mixing 50% silkworm powder to mulberry leaves (50SM group), mixing 70% silkworm powder to mulberry leaves (75SM group) and 100% silkworm powder (100S group). Experimental diets and water fed ad libitum, and streptozotocin was injected to induce diabetic state after 3rd weeks and sacrificed on the 9th day. The contents of 1-deoxynojirimycin(DNJ) were increased with adding the silkworm powder. The contents of GABA and rutin were increased with adding the mulberry leaves. In vitro, intestinal mucosa $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory activities were significantly increased in pills which mixed with silkworm powder by 50%. Blood glucose levels were high in groups which mixed with silkworm powder by 50% compared to DM group. Intestinal mucosa maltase activity in proximal part was significantly reduced in pill supplemented group compared to DM group and pill supplemented groups were no significant difference. Enzyme activity in middle part was no significant difference in experimental groups. Enzyme activity in distal part was decreased in pill supplemented groups, especially in 50SM, 75SM and 100S groups were significantly reduced compared to DM group. Sucrase and lactase activities in pill supplemented groups were significantly reduced at proximal part, and there was no significant difference in middle and distal parts. In conclusion, pills made of mulberry leaves and silkworm powder increased the $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory activity in vitro and reduced the blood glucose levels by controlling the disaccharidase activities of intestinal proximal part in STZ-induced diabetic rat. The synergistic effect was the highest when mulberry leaves was mixed with silkworm powder by the ratio of 50 : 50.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1215-1219
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• 2001

The present study was conducted to investigate effect of powdered herb of Aster scaber Thunb. (chamchwi) on antioxidant system in ethanol-administrated rats. Four week-old Sprague Dawley male rats which had initial body weights of 97.10$\pm$4.50 g were randomly divided into three groups: control (ethanol treated, vitamin E-deficient group); 5% chamchwi (ethanol-treated, 5% chamchwi powder-supplemented group): 10% chamchwi (ethanol-treated, 10% chamchwi powder-suplemented group). Three groups of rats were suplemented with three experimental diets for 4 weeks and orally administrated 10% ethanol (v/v) daily via drinking water in the last experimental week. Contents of TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance). glutathione in liver and kidney and serum albumin were determined. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) in liver and kidney were also analyzed. Relative weight of liver and spleen to body in chamchwi groups was lower than that in control group (p<0.05). The most remarkable result was that liver TBARS contents in chamchwi groups (5% chamchwi group, 46 $\mu\textrm{g}$ in MDA value; 10% chamchwi group, 35 $\mu\textrm{g}$) were significantly lower (p<0.05) than that in control group (66 $\mu\textrm{g}$). The supplement of chamchwi powder lowered the activity of manganese- superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), catalase in liver and GSH-px in kidney. The levels of glutathione in liver and kidney and serum albumin were not significantly different in all experimental groups (p<0.05). These results indicate that powdered herb of Aster scaber decreases lipid peroxidation and acitvity of Mn-SOD increased by alcohol-induced oxidative stress in liver of rats.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.417-422
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• 2006

Cytogenetic and hematological analysis was performed in peripheral blood obtained from cattle bred in the high background radiation areas (HBRA, Goesan-gun, Cheongwon-gun, Boeun-gun) and a control area. The frequencies of gamma-ray induced micronuclei (MN) in the cytokinesis-blocked (CB) lymphocytes at several doses were measured in 3 cattle. An estimated dose of radiation was calculated by a best fitting linear-quadratic model based on the radiation-induced MN formation from the bovine lymphocytes exposed in vitro to radiation over the range from 0 mGy to 1,969 mGy. The measurements performed after irradiation showed dose-related increases in the MN frequency in each donors. The results were analyzed using a linear-quadratic model with a line of best fit of $y=(0.0583{\pm}0.0137)D+(0.0366{\pm}0.0081)D^2+(0.0093{\pm}0.0015)$ (y=number of MN/CB cells and D=irradiation dose in Gy). MN rates per 1,000 CB lymphocytes of cattle from the Goesan-gun, Cheongwon-gun, Boeun-gun and the control area were $6.50{\pm}2.72,\;9.00{\pm}4.50,\;10.89{\pm}4.23\;and\;9.60{\pm}4.70$, respectively. The MN frequencies of CB lymphocytes from cattle bred in 4 areas mean that the values are within the background variation in this experiment. The MN frequencies and hematological values were similar regardless of whether the cattle were bred in the HBRA or the control area.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.469-475
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• 2005

Cytogenetic and hematological analysis was performed in peripheral blood obtained from pigs bred in the high background radiation areas (HBRA) (Cheongwon-gun and Boeun-gun) and a control area. The frequencies of gamma-ray induced micronuclei (MN) in the cytokinesis-blocked (CB) lymphocytes at several doses were measured in three pigs. An estimated dose of radiation was calculated by a best fitting linear-quadratic model based on the radiation-induced MN formation from the swine lymphocytes exposed in vitro to radiation over the range from 0 mGy to 1,969 mGy. The measurements performed after irradiation showed dose-related increases in the MN frequency in each donors. The results were analyzed using a linear-quadratic model with a line of best fit of $y=0.0005404D^2+0.04237D+0.00833$ [y = number of MN/cytokinesis-blocked (CB) cells and D = irradiation dose in Gy]. MN rates per 1,000 CB lymphocytes of pig from the HBRA (Cheongwon-gun, Boeun-gun) and the control area were $6.70{\pm}2.36$, $9.00{\pm}3.50$ and $11.00{\pm}2.98$, respectively. The MN frequencies of CB lymphocytes from pigs bred in three areas means that the values are within the background variation in this experiment. The MN frequencies and hematological values were similar regardless of whether the pigs were bred in the HBRA or the control area.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.375-381
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• 2005

The aims of this study were to evaluate the anti-obese effects of pine needle, black tea and green tea in rats and overweight people. Supplementation of 1, 2, 4 and 8% amount to the control diet of pine needle extract and mixture groups significantly decreased body weight gain and visceral fat mass compared with that of control diet group. Supplementation of 1, 2 and 4% amount to the control diet of black and green tea extracts groups significantly decreased body weight gain and visceral fat mass compared with that of control diet group. Anti-obese effect in body weight gain and visceral fat mass of mixture group was higher than in other groups. In human study, extracts mixture supplementation to overweight subjects significantly decreased both body weight and body fat compared with placebo control group. In vitro study, black and green tea extracts significantly inhibited both the pancreatic lipase and ${\alpha}-amylase$ activities dose dependently. In conclusion, the anti-obese effects of pine needle, black, and green teas in rats were found. In overweight human subjects, extracts mixture decreased body weight and body fat compared with placebo control group. Anti-obese effect in black and green tea groups might be from an decrease in carbohydrate and fat digestions via inhibition of pancreatic ${\alpha}-amylase$ and lipase activities in part.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 1999

We investigated the effect of constant photoperiod (16L : 8D, 12L : 12D, 8L : 16D), on the oviposition, parasitism, and emergence of Trichogramma dendrolimi. Also during 16L : 8D condition circadian, oviposition and emergence of this species on artificial eggs were checked every 2hrs. When twelve eggs of Antheraea pern~i and artificial eggs were provided, the wasps had the highest rate of oviposition in the first day, and decreased dramatically there after. In these different photoperiod, the total oviposition numbers per A. pernyi eggs by the wasp were 161.8 in 16L : 8D, 145.8 in 121 : 12D and 128.5 in 8L : 16D respectively in the first day. On the other hand for the artificial egg in 16L : 8D photoperiod, the total oviposition number per egg was 106.8 in the first day, 26.6 in the 2nd day and 21.3 in the 3rd day. The rate of emergence from A. pernyi eggs was not different depend on wasp's day age, however in the artificial eggs, after the first day's 84.7% decreased considerably. The emergence rate from artificial eggs was the highest comparatively between 04:OO-0600 hours.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.375-380
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• 2011

This study was performed to investigate cholesterol improvement effects of adding fermented defatted soybean grit (FD) and FD added to 5 or 10% Corchorus olitorius (FDC). Cholesterol adsorption in the FD and FDC group was more than 70%. Apolipoprotein AI and CIII improved in HepG2 cells, and a greater improvement effect was shown in FDC than that in FD. We also investigated the effect of FDC on body lipid metabolism and a high-fat diet for 4 weeks. Rats were divided into control (Con), high-fat (HF), HF treated with 20% FD (HF-FD), and HF treated with 20% FDC (HF-FDC) groups. Plasma total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations, hepatic total cholesterol, and triglyceride contents were significantly lower in the HF-FDC group than those in the HF group. Additionally, fecal total cholesterol and triglyceride contents increased in rats treated with FDC. Hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase activities were significantly lower in the HF-FDC group than those in the HF group.