• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.393-402
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of overweight and to compare the dietary behaviors, nutrient intake and physical activities of specialized game high school students. Total of 163 subjects participated and their weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference and bone status by a quantitative ultrasound method were measured. The subjects were surveyed by a self-administered questionnaire about general characteristics, dietary behaviors and physical activities. Nutrient intakes of the subjects were assessed by semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The subjects were divided into four groups on their obesity level by BMI. The prevalence of underweight, normal, overweight and obese group was 6%, 58%, 16%, and 20% respectively. BMI was negatively correlated with bone mineral density (p < 0.01) and positively correlated with WHR (p < 0.01). The dietary guideline compliance score for "Enjoy Korean rice food style" was 2.63, followed by "Prepare food sanitarily"2.48, "Do not skip breakfast"2.29, "Eat a variety of vegetables, fruits, dairy products daily"2.25, "Drink water instead of beverage"2.10, "Choose less fried foods"2.09 and "Maintain healthy weight"1.91. The exercise frequency of walking was not significantly different between groups; however, heavy exercise frequency was significantly lower in underweight group than the other groups (p < 0.05). The energy intake was 2153 kcal, which was 81.2% of the Estimate Energy Requirement, and the intake of calcium and vitamin $B_2$ was 66.7% and 77.8% of KDRIs. Particularly, the intake of iron, vitamin A and vitamin C was about 59.4%, 52.2% and 55.4% of KDRIs and INQ was 0.71, 0.63 and 0.65 respectively, and intake of folic acid fell behind 39.1% of KDRIs and INQ was 0.46. Our study suggests that the systematic and continuous nutrition education will have to be provided at schools to improve dietary and health behaviors and prevent chronic metabolic disease for students of specialized game high school.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.230-240
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• 2001

This study was designed to develop the nutrition education program for the mothers of preschool children in kindergarten and evaluate its educational effects. Nutrition education program was developed on the basis of the concept which consisted of nutrition, nutrients, menu planning, cooking, recognition of nutrition education, food selection and menu planning, will of nutrition improvement. Subjects consisted of 41 mothers. All the subjects completed a pretest and a posttest. The nutrition knowledge score of pretest was 33.77$\pm$12.53 and that of posttest was 55.25$\pm$16.32 and the difference was significant(p<0.001). The Food attitude score of pretest was 66.40$\pm$6.26 and that of posttest was 70.76$\pm$6.05 and the difference was significant(p<0.001). Food attitude score of high score-group of nutrition knowledge was higher than that of low score-group of nutrition knowledge significantly, in pretest(p<0.001) and posttest(p<0.01) respectively. Nutrition knowledge score and food attitude score of children of educated parents of nutrition program was higher than that of children of uneducated parents of nutrition program but the difference was not significant. The nutrition densities of vitamin A(p<0.001), vitamin B$_1$(p<0.05), vitamin B$_2$(p<0.001), folic acid(p<0.05), Ca(p<0.001), p(p<0.001), calculated using the INQ(Index of Nutritional Quality), was significantly improved by nutrition consult and education program. The MAR(Mean Adequacy Ratio) of pretest was 0.79$\pm$0.23 and that of posttest was 0.91$\pm$0.16 and the difference was significant(p<0.05). (Korean J Nutrition 34(2) : 230-240, 2001)

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.29-33
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• 2008

Objectives : Oral pain without identifiable oral mucosa lesion is probably multifactorial origin, which include burning mouth syndrome (BMS), oral candidiasis and so on. The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics of oral pain without identifiable oral mucosa lesion and to evaluate treatment outcome of those patients. Materials and Methods : We reviewed 50 patients without identifiable oral mucosa lesion who were complaint of oral pain. The patients were analyzed according tothe sites, associated symptoms, laboratory tests and fungus culture. The questionnaire included questions on their current diseases, smoking and alcoholic history, psychological factors, and symptoms. Results : The average age of patients was 60 years old. The most frequently involved site was tongue (92%), followed by palate, lower lip, oropharynx, and gingiva. 60% of the patients has psychological disorder as self reported. Culture for Candida was positive in 36% of patients and serum zinc deficiency was present in 60% of patients. Serum iron, vitamin B12, hemoglobin, folic acid deficiency were present in 6-2% of patients. Seventeen patients (65%) with BMS and twelve patients (66%) with oral candidiasis were improved after treatment. Conclusion : We recommend oral candida culture to oral pain patients without oral mucosa lesion. Zinc supplementation of zinc depletion patients may be helpful whereas other laboratory tests have no diagnostic values.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 2005

Background: There is no currently effective treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), although this disorder is a progressive neurodegenerative disease resulting in death within several years. Because recent evidence suggests that homocysteine (HC) is highly related to neurodegenerative disorders with aging, we tried to elucidate the effects of multi-vitamin therapy on G93A SOD1 transgenic mice. Methods: We treated this murine model of ALS with multi-vitamin (folic acid 1.97 mg/day, pyridoxine 0.98 mg/day, cyanocobalamin 0.1 mg/day) from 45 days of age, per oral. We performed the rotarod test from postnatal $10^{th}$ week, weekly. Results: We found that multi-vitamin reinforcement significantly prolonged average lifespan and delayed disease onset with improvement of motor performance. However, it did not significantly slow disease progression and statistical differences of weight loss were not observed between in transgenic mice and controls. Conclusions: These results suggest that multi-vitamin can be a potent therapeutic strategy for familial forms of ALS.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.176-186
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• 2014

Objectives: Epidemiological studies have suggested that a higher consumption of whole grain foods can significantly reduce the risk of chronic diseases including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and obesity. The objective of the current study was to examine associations among the consumption of whole grains and nutrient intakes and biochemical indicators associated with chronic diseases among generally healthy middle-aged Korean women. Methods: Using 24-hour recall data from the 2008-2009 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, whole grain intake (g/day) was calculated for a total of generally healthy 1,953 subjects. The subjects were divided into three groups by the level of whole grain consumption (0 g/day, > 0 and < 20 g/day or ${\geq}20g/day$). Mean values or proportions of various nutrient intakes and metabolic risk factors were compared according to the level of whole grain consumption. All statistical analysis was conducted using SAS software version 9.2. Results: We observed that the overall consumption of whole grains was quite low. Specifically, 58.2% of subjects reported no whole grain consumption on the day of the survey, and the mean whole grain intake was only 15.3 g/day. The whole grain consumption was positively associated with intakes of various macro and micronutrients, namely, plant proteins and fats, dietary fiber, calcium, plant iron, potassium, zinc, vitamin A, ${\beta}$-carotene, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin $B_6$ and folic acid. In addition, we found significantly decreasing trends in abdominal obesity and hypertriglyceridemia as whole grain intake levels increase. Conclusions: The study findings suggested the importance of promoting whole grain consumption as an efficient tool for improving various dietary aspects and preventing chronic diseases.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.422-430
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• 2023

Objectives: Prolactin is vital for breastfeeding and milk production, and its secretion is influenced by factors related to the mother, infant, and environment. To date, no study has concurrently investigated the correlation of these factors with serum prolactin levels during lactation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the correlations among maternal and infant factors, lead exposure, and serum prolactin levels during lactation. Methods: A cross-sectional approach was employed in Surabaya, Indonesia, among 110 exclusively lactating mothers. The mothers' daily diets were determined using multiple 24-hour recalls, while blood lead levels were measured with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Serum prolactin levels were assessed using the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. For bivariate analysis, we employed the Spearman correlation, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests, while for multivariate analysis, we utilized multiple linear regression. Results: The average serum prolactin level of the lactating mothers was 129.19±88.96 ng/mL. Positive correlations were found between serum prolactin levels and breastfeeding frequency (p<0.001), protein intake (p<0.001), and calcium intake (p=0.011) but had negative correlation with blood lead levels (p<0.001) and vitamin B6 intake (p=0.003). Additionally, prolactin levels were not significantly associated with maternal age; parity; intake of calories, vitamin D, vitamin E, zinc, folic acid, magnesium, or iron; infant age; or infant sex. Conclusions: Breastfeeding frequency had a stronger positive relationship with serum prolactin levels than protein and calcium intake. However, lead exposure was associated with reduced serum prolactin levels during lactation. Consequently, specific interventions from policymakers are necessary to manage breastfeeding in mothers exposed to lead.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.8
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• pp.1050-1061
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• 2009

The present study was performed to evaluate energy and nutrients intakes of stroke patients in Daegu Gyeongbuk region, and to analyze the relative risk of stroke related to the intake levels of energy and nutrients. The case subjects (n=100) were selected from newly diagnosed stroke patients at Kyungpook National University Hospital. The control subjects (n=150) were selected from community residents who did not have stroke history and were sex and age-matched with the case subjects. The survey was conducted by individual interviews by trained dietitians using semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires. The odds ratios were calculated by using unconditional logistic regression. In male subjects, patient group had significantly higher consumption than the control group in mean daily intakes of energy, all energy yielding nutrients, vitamin $B_1$, $B_6$, niacin, folic acid, vitamin E, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and dietary fiber, and also in the ratio of energy intake from protein and fat. In women subjects, the patient group consumed significantly lower intakes than the control group in fat, vitamin C, folic acid, vitamin E, iron, but vice versa in carbohydrate energy ratio. As for men, the increased intakes of energy, protein, carbohydrate vitamin $B_1$, E and niacin, zinc, total fatty acids, monoand poly-unsaturated, n-6 fatty acids significantly raised the relative risk of stroke. As for women, the increased intakes of fat, vitamin A, $B_2$, $B_6$, niacin, vitamin C and E, iron, sodium, potassium, selenium, mono-, poly-unsaturated, n-6 fatty acids, cholesterol, taurine and dietary fiber significantly lowered the relative risk of stroke. The results of the study demonstrated that the effect of several nutrient intake levels, such as niacin, vitamin E and fatty acids, on the relative risk of stroke was inconsistent between sex. The reason for this sex difference needs to be elucidated in a larger scale study.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.159-169
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate Korean food adaption, eating behavior and dietary intakes of married female immigrants by age, number of residence years in Korea and level of income. The survey included 67 female marriage immigrants attending the Korean language class at the multicultural family support center within the northern part of Kyonggi province from October 2010 to July 2011. General characteristics, Korean dietary life adaptation, and eating behavior were collected and dietary intakes were assessed using 24-hour recall. The home countries with regards to all subjects were Vietnam (40.3%), China (23.9%), Japan (11.9%), Philippines (7.0%), and Mongolia (3.0%). Total energy intake was 1432.5kcal and there were significant differences in nutritional intake concerning vitamin B1 and vitamin B2 by age (p < 0.05). More than 50% of subjects did not meet estimated average requirements for calcium (56.7%), zinc (52.2%), vitamin C (55.2%), and folic acid (76.1%). Food adaptation scores were significantly correlated with general characteristics (age, residence year, drinking alcohol and acquisition of nationality), total scores of eating behavior, and nutritional intake (energy, protein, fat, fiber, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, niacin, vitamin E, and zinc). These results might suggest that the better their Korean food adaptation, the more desirable their eating behavior and nutritional status.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 2007

A multiwavelength spectrophotometric titration method was applied to study protolytic constants of four water-soluble vitamins, folic acid(vitamin B9 or B0), thiamine(vitamin B1), riboflavin(vitamin B2) and pyridoxal (vitamin B6) in binary ethanol-water mixtures at 25oC and an ionic strength of 0.1M NaNO3. The protolytic equilibrium constants, spectral profiles, concentration diagrams and also the number of components has been calculated from the curve fitting of the pH-absorbance data with appropriate mass balance equations by an established factor analysis model. DATAN program was used for determination of acidity constant and SPECFIT program was used for calculation of standard deviations and partial correlation coefficients. A glass electrode calibration procedure based on the four parameter equation pH=α+SpcH+JH+[H+]+ JOH-Kw/[H+] based on the Gran,s plots was used to obtain pH-readings in the concentration scale (pcH). The effect of the solvent on the protolytic constants was discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.329-338
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• 2013

This study is conducted to compare the problems affecting dietary habits and health status between a long-term exercise group and non-exercise group of males older than 50 years. Most subjects of the two groups consider regular exercise to be the most important factor for maintaining health, and recognize hypertension as the number one concern. The most common nutritional supplement among subjects is multiple vitamins, and sleeping time range from 6~8 hours. Breakfast fasting rate was 15.9% among non-exercise group (NEG), where overeating and eating out rates were higher among exercise group (EG) when comparing to NEG. Fasting rates of breakfast, and consumption rates of milk and dairy products, vegetables such as kimchi, and fruits and fruit juices are higher among the EG. Overeating and eating out rates are lower among NEG, whereas eating rates of proteins like meat, fish, eggs, beans, fried foods, high-fat meats carbonated drinks, ice cream, and salt intakes are higher. Rates of health, dietary habits, and nutrient intakes are higher among EG. Energy intakes among the two groups were below the standard level, Vitamin $B_2$ intake is low in EG, and folic acid and calcium intakes were higher in NEG. The exercising group care more about health, eating habits and nutrient intakes, and low smoking rates are being observed. Thus, specific dietary improvement programs for adult men, are required, and it is necessary to consider the practice of nutrition education.