• 한국자기학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.291-296
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• 2000

분말사출성형법에 의한 니켈 함량이 46.6, 47.2 wt%인 퍼말로이 소결체의 제조 방법을 조사하였다. 퍼말로이의 자기특성은 소결체의 잔류탄소 및 산소의 함량에 영향을 받는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는소결체내의 탄소의 함량을 최소화할 수 있는 용매추출과 열분해 방법을 개발하였는데 , 잔류탄소는 분말사출을 위한 결합제의 열분해 조건에 영향을 받으며, 잔류산소는 제조 공정중 소결 분위기에 좌우되는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 분말사출성형으로 제조된 퍼말로이 소결체의 잔류탄소의 함량은 50 ppm. 잔류찬소의 함량은 150 ppm.이었으며 그 자기특성은 보자력 0.46 Oe, 최대투자율14,600의 값을 가졌다.

• 공업화학
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.290-298
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• 2021

천연 흑연의 음극재 적용을 위하여 정제 공정을 실시하였으며, 공정에 따른 흑연의 구조적 변화와 불순물 함량이 음극 특성에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 천연 흑연은 불화암모늄과 황산을 동일 비로 하여 사용량을 달리한 산처리 및 온도(800~2500 ℃)를 달리한 열처리를 통하여 화학적/물리적으로 정제되었다. 산을 이용한 불순물 제거는 한계가 있었으며, 이후 진행된 2500 ℃까지의 열처리를 통해 Si과 같은 일부 원소를 제외하고 대부분의 불순물이 전량 제거되는 것을 확인하였다. 복합 정제 공정에 따라 제조된 흑연 음극재의 특성이 향상되었으며, 구조와 불순물 함량 변화는 각각 용량 및 속도 특성과 초기 쿨롱 효율에 지배적인 영향을 미쳤다. 복합 정제 공정은 흑연 구조를 향상시켰으며, 불순물을 효율적으로 제거하여 SEI층 형성 억제 및 Li⁺ 삽입 공간 확대를 통해 리튬 이온 전지의 성능을 향상시켰다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.60-65
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• 2022

본 논문에서는 반도체용 실리콘 기판 가공 과정에서 발생한 슬러지 재활용을 위해 탄화 반응에 의한 탄화규소(SiC) 분말 합성 공정을 적용한 결과를 제시하고자 한다. 입수한 슬러지는 실리콘 기판을 탄화규소 연마재를 사용하여 가공하는 과정에서 발생하므로 실리콘과 탄화규소가 혼합된 형태였으며 가공 설비로부터 발생한 철 불순물이 포함되어 있었다. 슬러지는 절삭유가 포함되어 있어 점성이 있는 유체 형태였으며 대기 건조를 통해 분말 형태로 변화된 후 산 세정을 통한 철 성분 제거 및 탄화에 의한 탄화규소 분말 합성 과정을 거치게 된다. 슬러지에 포함된 실리콘과 탄화규소의 비율에 따라 탄화 반응에 필요한 탄소량이 달랐으며 탄화규소의 함량이 커질수록 탄소 부족 현상으로 인해 비화학량론적 탄화물(SiC_x, x<1) 형성이 촉진되어 순수한 탄화규소 합성이 이루어지지 않는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 비화학량론적 탄화물은 잉여 탄소 추가와 고에너지 밀링에 의한 탄화 반응성 증가를 통해 제거할 수 있었으며 결과적으로 산 세정과 밀링 과정에 의해 슬러지로부터 순수한 탄화규소 분말 합성이 가능함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.246-251
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• 2015

This study was aimed to study the effect of Zn content on the hyperfine parameters and the structural variation of $Ni_{1-x}Zn_xFe_2O_4$ for x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8. To achieve this, a sol-gel route was used for the preparation of samples and the obtained ferrites were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and $M{\ddot{o}}ssbauer$ spectroscopy. The formation of spinel phase without any impurity peak was identified by X-ray diffraction of all the samples. Moreover, the estimated crystallite size by X-ray line broadening indicates a decrease with increasing Zn content. This result was in agreement with the scanning electron microscopy result, indicating the reduction in grain growth with further zinc substitution. The room-temperature $M{\ddot{o}}ssbauer$ spectra show that the hyperfine fields at both the A and B sites decreased with increasing Zn content; however, the rate of reduction is not the same for different sites. Moreover, the best fit parameter showed that the quadrupole splitting values of B site increased from the pure nickel ferrite to the sample with x = 0.8.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.338-343
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• 2010

Mechanical properties and microstructures of medium carbon high manganese steels were investigated in terms of alloying elements such as Mn, C contents, and heat treatment condition. Austenite volume fraction was increased with increasing Mn content, leading to hardness decrease in the range of Mn content of above 10% after quenching and tempering. Such results are also supported by microstructural analysis and X-ray diffraction in that the increase in mangaese content results in the increase in austenite fraction. Studies on tempering condition indicated that not only hardness and tensile strength but also charpy impact values were reduced as tempering temperature were raised in the range of $250^{\circ}C$ to $600^{\circ}C$. It was also observed that fracture mode was changed from dimple to intergranular fracture. Such results are thought to be due to very fine carbide precipitation or impurity segreagation at grain boundaries as tempering temperature goes up. Heat treatment of Fe-5Mn-2Si-1Al-0.4C can be optimized by austenitizing at $850^{\circ}C$, air cooling and tempering at $250^{\circ}C$, resulting in 1950 MPa in Tensile strength, 17% in elongation and 23.3 $J/cm^2$ in charpy impact energy with high work hardening characteristics.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2011

Weldability, especially HAZ cold cracking, weld metal solidification cracking, and HAZ liquation cracking susceptibilities, of ASTM A356 CA6NM martensitic stainless steel casting was investigated and compared with that of 9-12% Cr ferritic steel castings. Irrespective of the Cr and Ni content in the castings, the HAZ maximum hardness increased with an increase of carbon content. CA6NM steel, which has the lowest carbon content, had the lowest HAZ hardness and showed no cold cracking in y-slit cracking tests. CA6NM steel, meanwhile, showed the largest weld metal solidification cracking susceptibility in varestraint tests because of its higher amount of impurity elements, phosphorus, and sulfur. All castings investigated had good high temperature ductility in hot ductility tests and showed little difference in liquation cracking susceptibility.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.185-193
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• 2024

In this study, NASICON-type Li_1+XGa_XTi_2-X(PO₄)₃ (x = 0.1, 0.3 and 0.4) solid-state electrolytes for all-solid-state batteries were synthesized through the sol-gel method. In addition, the influence on the ion conductivity of solid-state electrolytes when partially substituted for Ti⁴⁺ (0.61Å) site to Ga³⁺ (0.62Å) of trivalent cations was investigated. The obtained precursor was heat treated at 450 ℃, and a single crystalline phase of Li_1+XGa_XTi_2-X(PO₄)₃ systems was obtained at a calcination temperature above 650 ℃. Additionally, the calcinated powders were pelletized and sintered at temperatures from 800 ℃ to 1,000 ℃ at 100 ℃ intervals. The synthesized powder and sintered bodies of Li_1+XGa_XTi_2-X(PO₄)₃ were characterized using TG-DTA, XRD, XPS and FE-SEM. The ionic conduction properties as solid-state electrolytes were investigated by AC impedance. As a result, Li_1+XGa_XTi_2-X(PO₄)₃ was successfully produced in all cases. However, a GaPO₄ impurity was formed due to the high sintering temperatures and high Ga content. The crystallinity of Li_1+XGa_XTi_2-X(PO₄)₃ increased with the sintering temperature as evidenced by FE-SEM observations, which demonstrated that the edges of the larger cube-shaped grains become sharper with increases in the sintering temperature. In samples with high sintering temperatures at 1,000 ℃ and high Ga content above 0.3, coarsening of grains occurred. This resulted in the formation of many grain boundaries, leading to low sinterability. These two factors, the impurity and grain boundary, have an enormous impact on the properties of Li_1+XGa_XTi_2-X(PO₄)₃. The Li_1.3Ga_0.3Ti_1.7(PO₄)₃ pellet sintered at 900 ℃ was denser than those sintered at other conditions, showing the highest total ion conductivity of 7.66 × 10^-5 S/cm at room temperature. The total activation energy of Li-ion transport for the Li_1.3Ga_0.3Ti_1.7(PO₄)₃ solid-state electrolyte was estimated to be as low as 0.36 eV. Although the Li_1+XGa_XTi_2-X(PO₄)₃ sintered at 1,000 ℃ had a relatively high apparent density, it had less total ionic conductivity due to an increase in the grain-boundary resistance with coarse grains.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.105-114
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• 2008

This study investigates the saturation level of surface dryness, quantity of adhesive mortar, and the alien substance content of recycled aggregates for concrete to develop an adequate quality testing method for understanding the properties of recycled aggregates, which differ greatly from preexisting aggregates. For tests that measure the saturation level of surface dryness, where detail methods are applied differently according to the tester, various testing methods from across world were compared and analyzed. This study revealed that when measuring the saturation level of surface dryness of a certain sample, aggregates must be supplemented immediately whenever the height of the sample becomes lower than the measuring mold, and allowing the tamper to free fall on the sample will provide the most accurate results. When measuring the quantity of adhesive mortar of recycled aggregates for concrete, an acid solution was used, and since the quantity of adhesive mortar increases as the particle sizes gets smaller, the sample for testing should represent the entire granularity. Sulfuric acid solution is adequate for immersion, and the concentration should be 20% for best results. According to the alien substance content measurement, which was examined by the naked eye, the error range caused by the difference in particle size was neglectable, and therefore the sample should be $2.5{\sim}5.0mm$ in size concerning the accuracy and measuring time. Also, for coarse recycled aggregates, the sample should amount to 1kg for measuring alien substance content by the naked eye, which proves that assortment by the naked eye is the most adequate method for measuring the alien substance content of a recycled aggregate.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.137-140
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• 1999

Flux법에 의해 성장된 $Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_{8+{\delta}}(Bi2212)$ 단결정의 초전도 특성에 미치는 열처리 및 불순물의 영향을 자화측정에 의해 조사하였다. 초전도 특성은 불순물인 Mg와 Al의 영향을 받음을 알 수 있었으며, 초전도 전이온도(T,) 는 Mg 불순물의 영향에 의해 보다 낮아졌다. 그러나 성장된 결정은 열처리에 의해 초전도 특성이 개선됨을 알 수 있었 으며, 특히 MgO 도가니 사용에 의해 성장된 결정이 $Al_2O_3$ 도가니에 비해서 반자계특성이 현저하게 증가되었다. 반자계 특성의 개선효과에 의해 Mg 불순물은 초전도 특성 열화의 주요 요소라고 생각될 수 없음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.9
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• pp.27-27
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• 2008

The different concentration Indium doped ZnO:Al films were grown on glass substrates (Corning 1737) at $200^{\circ}C$ by pulsed laser deposition. The indium doping in AZO films shows the critical effect on the crystallinity, resistivity, and optical properties of the films. The AZO films doped with 0.3 atom % indium content exhibit the highest crystallinity, the lowest resistivity of $4.5\times10^{-4}\Omega$-cm, and the maximum transmittance of 93%. The resistivity of the indium doped-AZO films is strongly related with the crystallinity of the films. The carrier concentration in the indium doped-AZO films linearly increases with increasing indium concentration. The mobility of the AZO films with increasing indium concentration was reduced with an increase in carrier concentration and the decrease in mobility was attributed to the ionized impurity scattering mechanism. In an optical transmittance, the shift of the optical absorption edge to shorter wavelength strongly depends on the electronic carrier concentration in the films.